No description available.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

Dialyzable leucocytic extracts (Transfer Factor) were prepared from guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs and cattle sensitized to tuberculin, from cattle and dogs reactive to coccidioidin and from cattle sensitized to 2,4 dinitrochlorobenzene and Pasteurella multocida. These Transfer Factor (TF) preparations were used in intra- and interspecies transfers of delayed hypersensitivity (DH) and cellular immunity (CMI) in guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs, cattle and humans. Various doses and routes of administration were employed. Success of transfer was based upon dermal skin reactivity and/or clinical improvement. Our results suggest the following: (a) interspecies transfer of DH is effective with a variety of species, (b) oral administration of TF is effective and (c) cattle are effective donors of TF for use in humans and other animals because of potential quantity and strong potency of transfer material.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Committee on Immunology, June 1999. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1985 S78 / Master of Science

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Vaccinia virus (VV) is the prototypical member of the orthopoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family, and is currently being evaluated as a vector for vaccine development and cancer cell-targeting therapy. Despite the importance of studying poxvirus effects on the human immune system, reports of the direct interactions between poxviruses and primary human leukocytes (PHLs) are limited. We studied the specific molecular events that determine the VV tropism for major PHL subsets including monocytes, B cells, neutrophils, NK cells, and T cells. We found that VV exhibited an extremely strong bias towards binding and infecting monocytes among PHLs. VV binding strongly co-localized with lipid rafts on the surface of these cell types, even when lipid rafts were relocated to the cell uropods upon cell polarization. In humans, monocytic and professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) have so far only been reported to exhibit abortive infections with VV. We found that monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), including granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-polarized M1 and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-polarized M2, were permissive to VV replication. The majority of virions produced in MDMs were extracellular enveloped virions (EEV). Visualization of infected MDMs revealed the formation of VV factories, actin tails, virion-associated branching structures and cell linkages, indicating that infected MDMs are able to initiate de novo synthesis of viral DNA and promote virus release. Classical activation of MDMs by LPS plus IFN-γ stimulation caused no effect on VV replication, whereas alternative activation of MDMs by IL-10 or LPS plus IL-1β treatment significantly decreased VV production. The IL-10-mediated suppression of VV replication was largely due to STAT3 activation, as a STAT3 inhibitor restored virus production to levels observed without IL-10 stimulation. In conclusion, our data indicate that PHL subsets express and share VV protein receptors enriched in lipid rafts. We also demonstrate that primary human macrophages are permissive to VV replication. After infection, MDMs produced EEV for long-range dissemination and also form structures associated with virions which may contribute to cell-cell spread.