by Tong Suk Wah. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 196-206). / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgments --- p.iv / Table of Contents --- p.v / List of Abbreviations --- p.ix / List of Tables --- p.xi / List of Figures --- p.xv / Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Landfilling in Hong Kong --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Generation of Landfill Leachate --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Composition of Landfill Leachate --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4 --- Toxicity of Landfill Leachate --- p.12 / Chapter 1.5 --- Treatment of Landfill Leachate --- p.15 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Physico-chemical treatment --- p.16 / Chapter 1.5.1.1 --- Coagulation/Flocculation/Precipitation --- p.16 / Chapter 1.5.1.2 --- Oxidation --- p.18 / Chapter 1.5.1.3 --- Activated carbon adsorption --- p.19 / Chapter 1.5.1.4 --- Ammonia stripping --- p.20 / Chapter 1.5.1.5 --- Reverse osmosis --- p.21 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Biological treatment --- p.22 / Chapter 1.5.2.1 --- Aerobic treatment --- p.22 / Chapter 1.5.2.1.1 --- Activated sludge system --- p.23 / Chapter 1.5.2.1.2 --- Aeration lagoon --- p.25 / Chapter 1.5.2.1.3 --- Sequencing batch reactor --- p.26 / Chapter 1.5.2.1.4 --- Trickling filter --- p.27 / Chapter 1.5.2.1.5 --- Rotating biological contactor --- p.27 / Chapter 1.5.2.2 --- Anaerobic treatment --- p.29 / Chapter 1.5.3 --- Co-treatment with municipal wastewater --- p.32 / Chapter 1.5.4 --- Recirculation --- p.33 / Chapter 1.5.5 --- Irrigation --- p.34 / Chapter 1.6 --- Aims of the Thesis --- p.35 / Chapter 2 --- Characterization of Landfill Leachate / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Description of landfill sites --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Leachate collection --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Chemical analysis --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Biological analysis --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.42 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results and Discussion / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Chemical properties of leachate --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Temporal variation of leachate quality --- p.61 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Correlation of leachate quality and rainfall --- p.65 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Biological composition of leachate --- p.86 / Chapter 2.4 --- Conclusions --- p.88 / Chapter 3 --- Toxicological Analysis of Landfill Leachate / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.92 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Leachate collection --- p.93 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Chemical analysis --- p.94 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Biological toxicity testing --- p.94 / Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Microtox test --- p.95 / Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Algal bioassay、 --- p.95 / Chapter 3.2.3.3 --- Crustacean bioassay --- p.96 / Chapter 3.2.3.4 --- Fish bioassay --- p.98 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results and Discussion / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Chemical properties of leachate --- p.99 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Microtox test --- p.105 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Algal bioassay --- p.108 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Crustacean bioassay --- p.115 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Fish bioassay --- p.115 / Chapter 3.4 --- Conclusions --- p.120 / Chapter 4 --- Nitrification of Landfill Leachate / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.124 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Collection and analysis of leachate --- p.127 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Set-up of nitrification system --- p.128 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Experiment 1: Effect of additional phosphate on the rate of nitrification --- p.130 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Experiment 2: Effect of HRT on the rate of nitrification --- p.130 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Experiment 3: Effect of additional organic carbon on the rate of nitrification --- p.131 / Chapter 4.2.6 --- Statistical analysis --- p.131 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results and Discussion / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Chemical properties of landfill leachate --- p.132 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Experiment 1: Effect of additional phosphate on the rate of nitrification --- p.132 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Experiment 2: Effect of HRT on the rate of nitrification --- p.144 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Experiment 3: Effect of additional organic carbon on the rate of nitrification --- p.154 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- Inhibition of free ammonia and nitrous acid --- p.162 / Chapter 4.3.6 --- Fate of ammonia --- p.166 / Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusions --- p.170 / Chapter 5 --- Denitrification of Nitrified Leachate / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.172 / Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and Methods / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Collection and analysis of landfill leachate --- p.175 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Set-up of treatment system --- p.176 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Statistical analysis --- p.178 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results and Discussion / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Performance of nitrification system --- p.178 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Performance of denitrification system --- p.181 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Improvement of treatment efficiency --- p.187 / Chapter 5.4 --- Conclusions --- p.190 / Chapter 6 --- General Conclusions --- p.192 / References --- p.196 / Appendices / "Appendix 1 Medium for enumeration of heterotrophic bacteria, fungi, carbohydrate-utilizing bacteria, protein-utilizing bacteria and lipid-utilizing bacteria" --- p.207 / Appendix 2 Preparation of Bristol's medium --- p.210 / Appendix 3 Enumeration of ammonia oxidizers by Most Probable Number Method --- p.211 / Appendix 4 Enumeration of nitrite oxidizers by Most Probable Number Method --- p.214