Bakgrund: Sju till 20 % av den svenska befolkningen har omfattande benförlust och 40 % har kronisk parodontit. Gingivit och viss förlust av tändernas stödjevävnader ses hos nästan alla vuxna. Syfte: Syftet med journalstudien var att beskriva parodontalt status hos patienter som undersökts av tandhygieniststuderande på tandhygienistprogrammet, Högskolan Kristianstad. Metod: En empirisk studie med kvantitativ metod har använts. Data från 103 patientjournaler har sammanställts. Resultat: Resultatet baseras på patienter med en ålder mellan 21-83 år. På patientnivå var medelvärdet för antal tänder 26,2, plackindex 45,7 % och blödningsindex 23,6 %. Tandköttsfickor 5-6 mm var vanligast vid tänderna 48 (13 %) och 38 (11,4 %). Tandköttsfickor >6 mm förekom vanligast vid tänderna 38 (2,3 %) och 26 (2 %). Slutsats: Medelvärdet för plackindex ligger mycket högt (45,7 %) och står inte i proportion till blödningsindex (23,6 %). Tandköttsfickor >6 mm var sällsynt och var vanligast förekommande vid molarer. Tandköttsfickorna tenderade att vara djupare posteriort i munnen och hos äldre individer. / Background: Seven to 20 % of the Swedish population have extensive bone loss and 40 % have chronic periodontitis. Gingivitis and some loss of tooth supporting tissues are seen with almost all adults. Aim: The aim of the journal study was to describe periodontal status in patients who were examined by dental hygiene students at the Dental Hygienist Programme at the University of Kristianstad. Method: An empirical study was done using a quantitative method. Data from 103 patient records were compiled. Result: The result is based on patients between the ages of 21-83. At the patient level, the mean value of teeth was 26,2, plaque index 45,7 % and bleeding index 23,6 %. Periodontal pockets 5-6 mm were most common in the teeth 48 (13 %) and 38 (11,4 %). Periodontal pockets >6 mm were most common in the teeth 38 (2,3 %) and 26 (2 %). Conclusion: The mean plaque index is very high (45,7 %) and is not in proportion to the bleeding index (23,6 %). Periodontal pockets >6 mm were rare and most common at molars. Gingival pockets tended to be deeper posterior in the mouth and in older individuals.

Syfte: Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie var att studera attityder och erfarenheter om munhygien hos en grupp vuxna med utländsk bakgrund i Sverige. Material och Metod: Intervjuer utfördes med tio informanter på en SFI-utbildning i Sverige. En frågeguide med öppna frågor användes. Intervjuerna utfördes på svenska och engelska. Resultat: Det visade sig att det fanns ett antal bidragande faktorer till informanternas attityder och erfarenheter kring munhygien. Dessa faktorer/subkategorier ingick under fem huvudkategorier. Huvudkategorierna var hälsomedvetenhet, motivation, social påverkan, pris och munhygienrutiner. Informanterna ansåg att det var svårt att bryta gamla vanor. De var vana vid att använda både tandborste och Miswak, men de var inte vana vid approximal rengöring. Slutsatser: Tandvårdspersonal bör vara lyhörd för vad migranter kan och tycker, men även kunna delge inflyttande information om svenska tandvårdskulturen på ett bra sätt. / The aim: The aim of this qualitative study was to study the attitudes and experiences about oral care in a group of adults with a foreign background in Sweden. Method: Interviews were conducted with ten informants on a SFI training in Sweden. An interview guide with open questions was used. The interviews were conducted in Swedish and English. Results: There were a number of contributing factors to the informants’ knowledge, attitudes and experiences regarding oral hygiene. These factors were termed as subcategories and were listed below five main categories. The main categories were health awareness, motivation, social influence, prices and oral hygiene practices. The informants felt that it was difficult to break old habits. They were accustomed to using both toothbrush and Miswak, but not inter dental cleaning aids. Conclusions Dental professionals should be sensitive to the knowledge and the capabilities of migrants but also be able to convey the Swedish dental culture in a good way.

These three papers examine "productive failure" as a viable learning design to improve problem solving skills using open-ended problems. Productive failure, a teaching method, is based on the premise of unsuccessful learning performance in solving for complex problems with little to no support while yielding productive learning for subsequent problems. Kapur (2008) argues that hidden efficacies of learning exist in failure in which learners potentially learn through experimentation from their exploration and struggle in solving complex problems in a way that learners must first try and solve complex, novel problems on their own, but ultimately will fail to reach a solution. We have limited understanding if this type of design would be effective on complex problems with multiple solutions since previous studies on productive failure focused on problems with a canonical solution. In the three papers, I examine the extent to which students learn how to solve moral dilemmas in productive failure (PF) compared to lecture and practice (LP) and to what extent instruction in PF helps students learn skills in transferable problem solving. One paper describes a pilot study that was conducted with 21 second-year dental hygiene students. In the randomized-controlled study, analysis did not show significant differences on moral reasoning (p = .06) and transfer of knowledge (p = .58) between PF and LP instructional method. However, the effect size on students' posttest scores was high (d = .76) which as a result of the educational intervention, suggests that PF students demonstrated acquisition of new thinking and approached the complex problem in a more sophisticated moral way of thinking. To replicate these findings, the results from the pilot study were used to make adjustments in instructional and research design for a full-scale study. The second study on 77 second-year dental hygiene students from four dental hygiene programs further shows that PF students gained a deeper conceptual understanding and were better prepared for subsequent problems. PF students, I found, demonstrated greater shifts from simplistic thinking to post conventional thinking compared to LP students. Although PF students performed similarly when compared to LP students on their posttest scores in the moral responses, LP students scored lower than their pretest problem and the difference between pretest and posttest scores in LP School had a moderate effect in a negative direction (d= -.64). Findings in both studies suggest that productive failure design has the potential to help students reach a deeper conceptual understanding when they 1) analyze their own failure; 2) use the learned concept to build upon their own prior knowledge; and 3) repair existing mental models to successfully solve complex problems. As such, continued exploration of various instructional approaches like productive failure is still needed as alternatives to lecture and practice for developing problem solving skills.

No description available.

Excerpt: According to the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately 20 million Americans are currently infected with human papillomavirus (HPV), and another 6 million will become newly infected each year.

Access to oral health care remains problematic for millions of Americans. Factors such as socioeconomic status, age, race, and lack of dental insurance benefits inhibit the ability of many to obtain preventative oral health care. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of preventive oral health treatment and education at reduced-fee dental hygiene facilities on the oral health behaviors and perceptions of socioeconomically deprived persons within the state of Georgia. This study was based on the health belief model constructs. A convenience sample of 102 participants was recruited from the individuals who visited two dental hygiene colleges to seek treatment for the first time. The independent variable was the receipt of reduced-fee dental hygiene treatment/education. The dependent variables were the oral health perceptions and behaviors of socioeconomically deprived persons, as well as the perceptions and behaviors of patients provided with a referral for follow-up treatment with a dentist. Mediating variables were sex, age, race, and socioeconomic status. Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and logistic regression were applied to detect potential differences in the dependent variables before and after treatment. The most significant changes were found in categories dealing with self-efficacy measures that patients could take to improve their own oral health. Also, the oral health behaviors and perceptions of younger, African-American of low educational and financial background were significantly more improved after treatment. The social change implication of this research may be that oral health practitioners can use these results to create preventative interventions more tailored for socioeconomically deprived persons who face complicated oral health issues.

Many physical changes occur as one ages, including changes associated with the oral cavity. A review of the literature suggests that the provision of dental care to institutionalized elderly patients presents problems due to a variety of factors. The purpose of this study is to assess the level or dental care provided to residents of long-term care facilities located in Warren County, Kentucky. In addition, secondary objectives Include the ascertainment of who provides dental care to residents and the amount or in-service dental training made available to staff members of the facility. Each administrator of the long term care facilities located in Warren County participated in an *interview conducted by the author. During the interview, information was obtained for a 21 item questionnaire concerning the facility, the number and age range or the residents, and types of dental services provided within the facility. Results obtained from the questionnaire indicated that 77 percent or the residents in long-tern care facilities in Warren County are 70 years of age or older. No significant differences were noted in the types or dental services provided to residents. However, the dental services provided ranged from those that were obtained in a private dental office via transportation or the resident to outside dental facilities to routine oral hygiene measures carried out by staff members employed by the facility. The findings revealed significant differences in the dental status of the MRDD residents when compared to the nursing home residents. Other findings indicated that none of the long-term care facilities had dental operatories or dental radiographic equipment on the premises. Additional research would be required in order to address uncertainties discovered in the study. A followup to the questionnaire Interview with the consulting dentists may be included to determine to what capacity and to what extent they are utilized by the facilities. Other recommendations include the utilization of entrance dental examinations to determine if services offered do meet the needs of the residents and periodic dental examinations to aid in detection and thus reduce the prevalence of dental diseases in this population.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a school-based fluoride mouthrinse program in a fluoridated community. Such an evaluation is important because the effect of such programs may decrease over time due to the widespread use of fluoride. Two elementary schools were chosen. One had a fluoride mouthrinse program: the other did not. The subjects were children in grades one and six. Their caries experience was examined using dft. dfs. DFT, and DFS scores. There were no statistically significant differences between the two schools. The program had no significant effect in the community studied.

Bibliography: leaves 235-253. / xx, 431 leaves ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Examines the association between employment of dental hygienists and the patterns of delivery of diagnostic, preventive and treatment periodontal procedures and assesses the effectiveness of a continuing education intervention in altering the delivery of diagnostic, preventive and treatment periodontal services by practices employing and not employing dental hygienists in Adelaide, South Australia. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Dentistry, 1994?

The competition for scare resources in higher education has increased the pressure on administrators and educators to evaluate educational programs, and to demonstrate quality outcomes. Accreditation has been suggested as a useful tool for looking at accountability, but little research has been conducted to explore this issue, particularly in program accreditation. Little evidence exists to support the assumption that program accreditation adds value to the educational environment. This study explored the perceptions of program directors and administrators regarding the impact of accreditation on the quality of Canadian dental hygiene diploma programs. A 63% response rate was received from the 54 individuals surveyed, representing an 85% institutional response rate from the 27 accredited programs. Of these respondents, 21 individuals also participated in a semi-structured interview. Descriptive and inferential statistics including t-tests and ANOVAs were calculated for the usefulness of accreditation, the importance of accreditation requirements, and the value of accreditation phases. Accreditation as a stimulus for improvement was rated as extremely useful by 41% and very useful by 41%. As a tool for self-evaluation it was rated as extremely useful by 24% and very useful by 56%. While all the standards were rated as important, the following received the highest ratings: Clinical Outcomes Review Evaluation {extremely important 38%, and very important 35%), curriculum {extremely important 44% and very important 44%), preparation for clinical practice {extremely important 40% and very important 47%), and faculty and faculty development (extremely important 38% and very important 50%). While the site-visit and the report were valued, the self-study phase received the highest ratings in promoting program quality (great value 41% and much value 41%). The accreditation process appears to be the most important factor in understanding the relationship between accreditation and program quality. The process provides the catalyst for transforming accreditation standards into quality elements within programs. While accreditation influences program quality, educational institutions mainly seek accreditation to facilitate licensure and portability of graduates. If the link between licensure and accreditation decreases, the support of the educational institutions may wane.