This study examined parenting style variables in predicting college students’ depression symptoms. Participants were 989 college students who participated in the first wave of the Spit for Science project (Dick et al., 2011). This study described the prevalence of depression symptoms, including the percentage of the sample endorsing various depression symptoms, and the frequency depression scores were elevated at multiple time points. A hierarchical multiple regression was conducted to examine whether two dimensions of parenting style, Autonomy Granting and Parental Involvement, would interact in predicting depression symptoms in the Junior year. The present study demonstrates that parenting style predicts a small but significant amount of variance in depression symptoms, after controlling for demographic characteristics, and these variables interact in producing their effect. Overall, findings suggest that depression symptoms are common and parenting style is relevant in understanding such symptoms.

Objective: Depression is a significant global public health burden, and older adults may be particularly vulnerable to its effects. Among other risk factors, interpersonal conflicts, such as perceived criticism from family members, can increase risk for depressive symptoms in this population. We examined family criticism as a predictor of depressive symptoms and the potential moderating effect of optimism and pessimism. Methods: One hundred five older adult, primary care patients completed self-report measures of family criticism, optimism and pessimism, and symptoms of depression. We hypothesized that optimism and pessimism would moderate the relationship between family criticism and depressive symptoms. Results: In support of our hypothesis, those with greater optimism and less pessimism reported fewer depressive symptoms associated with family criticism. Conclusion: Therapeutic enhancement of optimism and amelioration of pessimism may buffer against depression in patients experiencing familial criticism.

This thesis aimed at revealing the mediator role of self esteem between body satisfaction and depression symptoms relationship in a Turkish University sample. The participants were 232 young adults from differents departments of Middle East Technical University. Hierarchical Regression Analyses were conducted to examine the mediator role of self esteem between body satisfaction and depression symptoms relationship. During these analyses gender, age, height, weight of the subjects and education level of the subjects&rsquo / parents were entered in the first step via stepwise method, and in the second step social support and attachment styles were entered by using stepwise method, in order to control for the potential variance accounted for by these variables. Results of the regression analyses revealed that after controlling for the above mentioned variables, body satisfaction and self esteem were significantly associated with depression symptoms, however after controlling for the effect of self esteem, body satisfaction and depression symptoms relationship disappeared. Moreover, body satisfaction was found to be significantly associated with self esteem, which further supported the mediation hypothesis. Hence, self esteem was found to mediate the body satisfaction and depression symptoms relationship. Results were discussed by referring to the relevant literature.

Text classification, the task of metadata to documents, requires significant time and effort when performed by humans. Moreover, with online-generated content explosively growing, it becomes a challenge for manually annotating with large scale and unstructured data. Currently, lots of state-or-art text mining methods have been applied to classification process, many of them based on the key word extraction. However, when using these key words as features in classification task, it is common that feature dimension is huge. In addition, how to select key words from tons of documents as features in classification task is also a challenge. Especially when using tradition machine learning algorithm in the large data set, the computation cost would be high. In addition, almost 80% of real data is unstructured and non-labeled. The advanced supervised feature selection methods cannot be used directly in selecting entities from massive of data. Usually, extracting features from unlabeled data for classification tasks, statistical strategies have been utilized to discover key features. However, we propose a nova method to extract important features effectively before feeding them into the classification assignment. There is another challenge in the text classification is the multi-label problem, the assignment of multiple non-exclusive labels to the documents. This problem makes text classification more complicated when compared with single label classification. Considering above issues, we develop a framework for extracting and eliminating data dimensionality, solving the multi-label problem on labeled and unlabeled data set. To reduce data dimension, we provide 1) a hybrid feature selection method that extracts meaningful features according to the importance of each feature. 2) we apply the Word2Vec to represent each document with a lower feature dimension when doing the document categorization for the big data set. 3) An unsupervised approach to extract features from real online generated data for text classification and prediction. On the other hand, to solve the multi-label classification task, we design a new Multi-Instance Multi-Label (MIML) algorithm in the proposed framework.

No description available.

Background: The lack of adherence to drug therapy is a major problem; it can contribute to significant deterioration of disease and increased health-care costs. Improving medication adherence is a big challenge; there is no simple solution to the problem. It is thus essential to improve our knowledge of non-adherence (NA) and its causes. Aims: The aims of the thesis were to study the influence of gender and psychological distress on self-reported, intentional and unintentional non-adherent behaviour, and to investigate the reasons for NA. Methods: A population-based study that included a postal questionnaire was carried out in a cross-section of the general Swedish population (n=7,985, aged 18-84 years). The response rate was 61.1% (n=4,875) and current prescription drug use was reported by 2,802 participants. The questionnaire covered use of prescription drugs, NA to the drug regimens, reasons for NA, economic status, attitudes to drugs, and the presence of somatic or mental problems, and also included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire. Results: The results showed differences in various self-reported non-adherent behaviour patterns and reasons for NA between the genders. In most cases, these remained after controlling for confounders such as socioeconomic factors and attitudes to drugs that are known to differ between women and men. Associations were also found between symptoms of anxiety and/or depression and the presence of intentional or unintentional non-adherent behaviour (with a stronger average association for intentional NA), and between anxiety/depression and some of the reasons given for NA, e.g. adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Conclusions: Although it was not possible to confirm causal relationships, this thesis emphasises the effects of gender and psychological distress on NA. In summary, both gender and anxiety and/or depression influenced non-adherent behaviour and the reasons given for NA. For instance, ADRs seemed to influence the decision not to take the drug as prescribed, especially among women and participants under psychological distress. It is suggested that a deep understanding of the causes of NA and of the impact of gender and psychological distress on the outcomes would help those aiming to improve adherence to prescribed medication.

Orientador: Maria Elena Guariento / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T09:07:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Signoretti_DeboraCristinaOliveiraMelo_M.pdf: 508877 bytes, checksum: 52bccba57cf5d066d34022d694eba0b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Com o progressivo aumento do número de idosos na população brasileira, constata-se também o aumento das co-morbidades associadas, entre estas as doenças crônicas e degenerativas, o que denota conseqüentemente uma maior demanda do uso de fármacos entre esta população. Tal fato remete também à observação da preservação da capacidade funcional, algumas vezes prejudicada pela limitação funcional advinda destas co-morbidades, bem como déficit no bem-estar subjetivo. É importante o reconhecimento e a avaliação criteriosos para conhecer os efeitos dessa associação no processo de envelhecimento. Este estudo buscou identificar e avaliar o perfil de 122 idosos que foram atendidos no período de agosto de 2005 a agosto de 2007, por equipe multidisciplinar no Ambulatório de Geriatria do Hospital das Clínicas da UMCAMP, Campinas, SP, em relação à presença de sintomas depressivos, número de co-morbidades e medicamentos utilizados, em associação com a locomoção e a mobilidade, itens essenciais para a preservação da capacidade funcional do indivíduo. Esta avaliação permitiu estimar o grau de interferência destas variáveis nas atividades de vida diária e no bem-estar subjetivo destes idosos, através de um protocolo aplicado por um grupo de profissionais de saúde. Neste estavam inseridos instrumentos que permitem apreciar os aspectos objetivos e subjetivos da saúde física e mental dos idosos, destacando-se o uso dos seguintes instrumentos e escalas: MIF, SPPB, CES-D, Cantril, além do número de doenças e medicamentos prescritos, conforme registro no prontuário médico. Constatou-se elevado nível de incapacidade funcional, presença de sintomas depressivos, co-morbidades e polifarmácia, principalmente com maior prevalência no sexo feminino. Os resultados obtidos das associações entre as variáveis deste estudo são fundamentais para gerenciar ações quanto aos aspectos da capacidade funcional, com a finalidade de proporcionar maior independência, autonomia e qualidade de vida destes idosos. / Abstract: With the progressive increase of elderly people in the Brazilian population, it's verified the increase of comorbities associated to chronic and degenerative diseases that consequently represents a higher demand of drugs used by this population. The fact submits us to the observation of the functional capacity preservation, sometimes leading to a worse functional limitation in reason of this comorbities and well-being deficit. Is important to recognize and carefully evaluate this association in order to know the effects in the process of aging. The aim of this study is to identify and evaluate the profile of 122 elderly that were attended from August 2005 to August 2007, by a multidisciplinary support team of the Geriatric Ambulatory on the University of Campinas Clinical Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil, related to the presence of depressive symptoms, number of comorbities and drugs prescriptions, in association to the locomotion and mobility, items that are essential for the preservation of the individual functional capacity. This evaluation allowed to estimate the level of interference of this variables in the life and well-being of the individuals, through a Protocol applied by a group of health professionals. Instruments were inserted to appreciate the objective and subjective aspects of physical and mental health of elderly, highlighting the use of these instruments and scale: FIM, SPPB, CES-D, Cantril, besides the number of disease and medication prescribed, according to medical register. A higher level of functional incapacity, presence of depressive symptoms, comobities and polipharmacos could be noted, mainly with more prevalence in female gender. The results obtained from the associations to the variables in this study are fundamental to manage actions related to the functional capacity, aiming to allow a better independence, autonomy and quality of life for these elderly. / Mestrado / Gerontologia / Mestre em Gerontologia

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015 / ENGLISH ABSTRACT : Worldwide there are various reports on the prevalence of depression in patients diagnosed with brain tumours. In South Africa, psychological research in relation to psychiatric symptoms among patients with brain tumours is lacking. The aims of this study were to determine the incidence of depression in patients diagnosed with brain tumours and to clarify our understanding of the relationship between depression and tumour localisation, histopathological type of tumour, and participant characteristics. The study sample consisted of 35 patients (11 males and 24 females) aged between 21 and 64 years with a solitary primary brain tumour. The patients were treated at the neurosurgery clinics located at Tygerberg Hospital in the Western Cape and Universitas Hospital in the Free State between mid-2010 and 2013. The major histological subgroup consisted of meningiomas (47%), glioblastomas (22%), astrocytomas (19%), gliomas (9%) and epidiomas (3%). The tumour distribution was as follows: 52% in the left hemisphere, 37% in the right hemisphere, and 11 % in the midline. The psychiatric symptoms of the patients were assessed before treatment by the Beck Depression Inventory and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. In addition, the patients’ neuropsychological functions were evaluated by a short neuropsychological test battery (Mini Mental State Examination, Trail Making Test (Part A), Letter Number Sequencing subtest, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test – Revised, and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test – Revised). Results from the quantitative data, showed the prevalence of mild depression was 26% for men and 43% for women. Overall 37% of the total sample had depressive symptoms. No significant relationship was found between depression and tumour location or between the various neuropsychological characteristics and neurological symptoms and tumour location. The study showed that depression is a common symptom in patients diagnosed with brain tumours and therefore depression symptoms have to be recognised and treated by psycho-educating the patients and their families, pharmacotherapy, or psychotherapy as soon as possible. However, due to the relatively small sample size, the results are of limited generalisability. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING : Wêreldwyd is daar verskeie verslae oor die voorkoms van depressie in pasiënte gediagnoseer met breingewasse. In Suid-Afrika is daar ’n tekort aan sielkundige navorsing met betrekking tot psigiatriese simptome by pasiënte. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die voorkoms van depressie te bepaal in pasiënte gediagnoseer met breingewasse en om duidelikheid te kry oor die verband tussen depressie en die ligging van breingewasse, histopatologiese tipe gewas en karakter eienskappe van die deelnemers. Die steekproef van die studie het bestaan uit 35 pasiënte (11 mans en 24 vroue) tussen die ouderdomme 21 en 64 jaar met ‘n soliede breingewas. Die pasiënte is behandel by die neurochirurgiese klinieke by Tygerberg Hospitaal in die Wes-Kaap en by Universitas Hospitaal in die Vrystaat vanaf middel 2010 tot 2013. Die mees algemene histologiese subgroep het bestaan uit meningiome (47%), glioblastomas (22%), astrocytomas (19%), gliomas (9%) en epidiomas (3%). Die verspreiding van die gewasse was soos volg: 52% in die linkerhemisfeer, 37% in die regterhemisfeer en 11% in die middel. Die psigiatriese simptome van die pasiënte is voor behandeling geëvalueer met behulp van die Beck Depression Inventory en die Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Bykomend is die pasiënte se neurosielkundige funksies geëvalueer met behulp van ‘n neurosielkundige toetsbattery (Mini Mental State Examination, Trail Making Test (Part A), Letter Number Sequencing subtest, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test – Revised en Brief Visuospatial Memory Test – Revised). Die resultate van die kwantitatiewe data het getoon die voorkoms van matige depressie was 26% vir mans en 43% vir vroue. In geheel het 37% van die totale steekproef depressiewe simptome getoon. Daar was geen beduidende verhouding tussen depressie en die ligging van die gewas of tussen die verskeie neurosielkundige eienskappe en die ligging van die gewas nie. Die studie het getoon dat depressie ’n algemene simptoom is in pasiënte gediagnoseer met breingewasse en daarom moet depressiewe simptome herken en so gou as moontlik behandel word deur psigo-opvoeding van die pasiënte en hul familie, farmakoterapie of psigoterapie. As gevolg van die relatiewe klein steekproef grootte het die resultate ’n beperkte veralgemeenbaarheid.

Background: This study examined the bidirectional nature of mother-infant positive and negative emotional displays during social interactions across multiple tasks among postpartum women accounting for childhood maltreatment severity. Additionally, effects of maternal postpartum psychopathology on maternal affect and effects of task and emotional valence on dyadic emotional displays were evaluated. Sampling and Methods: A total of 192 mother-infant dyads (51% male infants) were videotaped during free play and the Still-Face paradigm at 6 months postpartum. Mothers reported on trauma history and postpartum depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Reliable, masked coders scored maternal and infant positive and negative affect from the videotaped interactions. Results: Three path models evaluated whether dyadic affective displays were primarily mother driven, infant driven, or bidirectional in nature, adjusting for mothers' maltreatment severity and postpartum psychopathology. The bidirectional model had the best fit. Child maltreatment severity predicted depression and PTSD symptoms, and maternal symptoms predicted affective displays (both positive and negative), but the pattern differed for depressive symptoms compared to PTSD symptoms. Emotional valence and task altered the nature of bidirectional affective displays. Conclusions: The results add to our understanding of dyadic affective exchanges in the context of maternal risk (childhood maltreatment history, postpartum symptoms of depression and PTSD). Findings highlight postpartum depression symptoms as one mechanism of risk transmission from maternal maltreatment history to impacted parent-child interactions. Limitations include reliance on self-reported psychological symptoms and that the sample size prohibited testing of moderation analyses. Developmental and clinical implications are discussed.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-07-29 / Objetivo: Estudar a incidência de sintomas depressivos em médicos residentes de primeiro ano e sua relação com características ocupacionais como a satisfação e o estresse com o programa de treinamento. Método: Todos os médicos residentes de primeiro ano de um hospital universitário (N=166) foram convidados a participar neste estudo prospectivo longitudinal (T1= primeira semana e T2= oitavo mês do treinamento). Foram aplicados o Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI, utilizando o ponto de corte para depressão provável maior ou igual a 16) e um questionário sobre as características ocupacionais, desenvolvido para este estudo e que aborda aspectos de estresse profissional; relação entre colegas, com docentes, e pacientes; e satisfação com o treinamento. Resultados: 111 residentes participaram do estudo (67% da população), com uma média de idade de 25 anos; 50,5% eram mulheres e 61,3% de especialidades clínicas. Nenhum deles pontuou para sintomas depressivos em T1, e 10 pontuaram em T2, com um aumento do valor da mediana do BDI de 2 para 5 (p<0.01, o que significa incidência de sintomas depressivos de 9%). A pontuação do BDI em T2 foi correlacionada com a satisfação do treinamento, dificuldades com os pacientes, relações estressantes e tipo de especialidade. Quanto maior o escore do BDI em T2, menor foi o escore de satisfação com o treinamento (p<0,01, para satisfação global com o treinamento, quantidade de tempo livre, hábitos de saúde e o próprio desempenho); maior a dificuldade em lidar com os pacientes; e também mais alto o estresse nos relacionamentos com os colegas (p<0,01). Em T2, fazer especialidade cirúrgica associouse a uma maior incidência de sintomas depressivos quando comparado com especialidade clínica (p<0,05). Não foi encontrada correlação (p>0.05) entre o escore do BDI e a satisfação com o ambiente de aprendizagem, relacionamentos estressantes com os professores ou com equipe de enfermagem, tempo dedicado à assistência de pacientes críticos, número de horas de plantão noturno ou comunicação de más notícias. Conclusão: Os médicos residentes de primeiro ano que apresentaram sintomatologia depressiva ao longo do treinamento foram os mais afetados pelo relacionamento com os colegas. Esta conclusão, assim como a não interferência de relações estressantes com os professores ou por suas dificuldades em lidar com pacientes críticos, permite o levantamento de uma nova hipótese, de que a dificuldade de relacionamento entre os residentes seja uma medida aproximada (proxy) dos sentimentos competitivos entre eles. / Objective: To study the depression symptoms f incidence of interns and its correlation with occupational characteristics, such as satisfaction/stress about their training program. Method: All interns from 2006 in a teaching hospital (N=166) were invited to participate in this prospective longitudinal study (T1= 1st week, and T2= 8th month of training). They answered the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and an occupational characteristics questionnaire. Results: 111 interns participated of the study (67% of the population), with median age of 25; 50.5% were female; 61.3% from clinical specialties. None of them scored for depression symptoms (BDI score.16) at T1, and 10 did at T2, with an increase (p<0.01) of the BDI median value from 2 to 5 (depressive symptoms f incidence of 9%). The BDI score at T2 was correlated with training satisfaction, difficulty with patients, and stressful relationships. The higher was the BDI score at T2, the lower was the satisfaction score with the training (p<0.01), specifically about satisfaction with the whole training, leisure time amount, health habits, and own performance; and the higher was the stress with colleagues f relationships. It was not found any correlations (p>0.05) among interns f BDI score and satisfaction with learning environment, stressful relationship with professors or nursing team, time spent with critically ill patients, giving bad news and number of hours on nightshifts. Conclusion: The interns were more affected by their relationship with colleagues than professors or by their difficulties in dealing with critically ill patients, what can be a proxy of the competitive feelings among them. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações