Situated in the holistic education field, this research explores the mind/body experiences of six youth who remained in a drama group from the time they were children to their late adolescence. In the first phase of this research these participants reflected on their experiences of the imagination, thought and felt sensation as they engaged in meditation and mind/body warm-up exercises during the drama years. The participants applied their understanding of mind/body awareness to a question posed by Vivian Darroch-Lozwoski; what happens when we attend to nature feelingly? Over the course of one year, the youth explored the above question, individually and collectively through dreaming, reveries, the imagination, experiences of energy and as they wandered in nature. The inquiry directly addresses the existential, ontological and epistemological implications of holistic mind/body development and outlines approaches for gentling the mind and body to nature.

Situated in the holistic education field, this research explores the mind/body experiences of six youth who remained in a drama group from the time they were children to their late adolescence. In the first phase of this research these participants reflected on their experiences of the imagination, thought and felt sensation as they engaged in meditation and mind/body warm-up exercises during the drama years. The participants applied their understanding of mind/body awareness to a question posed by Vivian Darroch-Lozwoski; what happens when we attend to nature feelingly? Over the course of one year, the youth explored the above question, individually and collectively through dreaming, reveries, the imagination, experiences of energy and as they wandered in nature. The inquiry directly addresses the existential, ontological and epistemological implications of holistic mind/body development and outlines approaches for gentling the mind and body to nature.

This phenomenological hermeneutic research explores the author’s lived experience of painting a Sacred Mandala over the course of 15 months while focusing on child-loss by adoption. In this dissertation, the structure, process, and mindful practice of Sacred Mandala Inquiry are presented—incorporating methodological considerations, related theories, and illuminated through personal examples. Although the focus in the paper is on an individual Sacred Mandala practice, it is with the understanding that the individual is embedded within a community and world in a web of relationships. Impetus for research often arises from personal lifeworld experience. The Sacred Mandala provides structure and containment for inquiry, for those who are attracted to the form, assisting in bracketing that which has previously been accepted while simultaneously becoming a sacred boundary for the unknown to emerge, protected and witnessed. The practice and process may be taken up by inquirers in the social sciences, humanities, arts and within the community of adult learners. The mindful and embodied painting and journaling practices necessitate the inclusion of processes occurring outside of awareness—hosted in emerging images, dialogues, stories, synchronistic events, myths, metaphors, and poetry; inviting the unconscious forward. Opening both eyes—the rational and imaginal—provides a depth perspective. Both are needed, each is as real as the other, one illuminating the inner world, one illuminating the outer world, in wholeness. Importantly, the meanings embedded within the work continue to resonate, unfold, and inform over time. / Graduate / 2020-08-27

Asmenybės pokyčių analizė visada buvo svarbi klinikinės psichologijos sritis, kuri tampa ypač aktuali permainų laikotarpiu. Visuomeninių pokyčių sėkmė priklauso ne tik nuo susiklosčiusių sąlygų, bet ir nuo individo psichologinių ypatumų bei jo paties vidinių pokyčių. Habilitacijai pateiktuose darbuose yra analizuojami vidiniai ir išoriniai veiksniai, nulemiantys asmenybės pokyčius. Pirmųjų grupę sudaro patologiniai veiksniai , o taip pat vidiniai struktūriniai asmenybės dariniai, antrųjų –išorinių intervencijų (daugeliu atvejų psichoterapijos) poveikio analizė ypatingą dėmesį skiriant traumos padarinių išgijimo analizei. Psichoterapinis poveikis priklauso nuo terapinio santykio ypatumų. Publikacijose yra analizuojama terapinio santykio formavimosi sąlygos, struktūra ir mechanizmai, kurie yra būtini veiksmingai psichoterapijai. Habilitacijos procedūrai yra pateikti darbai, kuriuose nagrinėjami kai kurie metodologiniai tyrimų aspektai- atvejo analizės taikymas moksliniuose tyrimuose, kiekybinių ir kokybinių tyrimų derinimas klinikinėje psichologijoje – šie klausimai yra pakankamai nauji Lietuvoje, tad jų naudojimo galimybių aptarimas taip pat svarbus. Asmenybės pokyčių tyrimai yra perspektyvi sritis, kurios plėtotė galėtų apimti ir tolesnius psichoterapijos veiksmingumo tyrimus, ir daugialypę tapatumo dinamiškumo analizę. / Analysis of personality changes always was important field of clinical psychology. It has a special meaning in modern times, as global changes depend not only on circumstances, but on the changes of individual too. Inner factors such as pathological conditions and inner personality structures are analyzed in the perspective of personality transformation. Depth presumptions of personality changes, outer factors and psychotherapy process are important part of our research which is represented for the habilitation procedure. Special attention is paid for trauma experience and its healing process. Effective psychotherapy depend on successful therapeutic relationship. Conditions of formation, structure and processes of therapeutic relationship are one more subject of our research. We discuss some methodological questions in our publications (case analysis and scientific research, combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis)- those questions are new in Lithuanian clinical psychology. Personality changes and its research is interesting and perspective field – we suppose its development could include further research of effectiveness of psychotherapy and dynamic of personality identity.

This study investigates the role that African traditional beliefs and practices play in defining psychological problems, determines how these beliefs and practices manifest in a counselling relationship and explores how Western based forms of counselling manage these manifestations in counselling. This investigation is in the context of the on-going debate on the relevance of Western Psychological counselling in South Africa and the rest of Africa, including my experience during my internship to register as a Counsellor. It explores the impact of conducting counselling with clients whose worldviews are different from those of the counsellor and focuses on the impact of the client’s worldviews on psychological well-being, psychological ill health and the resolution of psychological problems. Psychological well-being, ill health and counselling were discussed from a Western perspective. The study found that the client participants defined their psychological problems in terms of their African traditional beliefs and practices. They communicated their presenting psychological problems in ways that created possibility of miscommunication between themselves and their counsellors, for example by using figurative language. There was also a clear distinction between how psychological problems are managed from an African traditional perspective (ritualistic) and a Western perspective (talking therapy). The study recommended the creation of specific departments in Universities to embark on research aimed at establishing foundational structures on which to build an African Indigenous Psychology as an alternative to Western Psychology. More comprehensive research on African people’s attitudes is, suggested, on what traditional Africans think of psychological counselling. Another recommendation accruing from the limitation on sampling in this study is that future studies should be conducted with larger and more diverse samples; moreover, data should be gathered on a wider variety of demographics and cultural belief systems and practices. To counter prejudice and ignorance, the counsellor ‘to be’ should study African culture and customs during their BA Honours studies. On-going training and workshops on cross-cultural issues from various cultures should be part of the counselling profession. More emphasis should be placed on prevention and therefore more mental health clinics in the rural areas need to be opened and general education on psychological issues and cultural integration be initiated. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-21T12:39:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tatieneciribellisantos.pdf: 683394 bytes, checksum: 7e6ec1f572819a93aaaf103ed1632af0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-09-26T20:26:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 tatieneciribellisantos.pdf: 683394 bytes, checksum: 7e6ec1f572819a93aaaf103ed1632af0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-26T20:26:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tatieneciribellisantos.pdf: 683394 bytes, checksum: 7e6ec1f572819a93aaaf103ed1632af0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-26 / A Igreja Católica Apostólica Romana entende a vocação para a vida religiosa (como no caso de padres, freiras, irmãos consagrados) como um chamado específico somente para alguns homens e mulheres especiais. Esta vocação é fundamentada pela existência de três votos obrigatórios: a pobreza, a obediência e a castidade. Aqueles que são chamados para esta função são compreendidos como especiais a partir de Deus. Porém, Eugen Drewermann, em sua obra Funcionários de Deus, problematiza este modelo ideal. A partir da Psicologia Profunda, ele busca entender os motivos psicológicos inconscientes que levam um jovem a buscar como opção de vida a vocação religiosa. Partindo das constatações feitas pelo autor, o objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar algumas questões, como os motivos que levam um jovem a buscar como ideal de vida a opção pelo sacerdócio na Igreja Católica, quais aspectos psicológicos interferem nesta escolha, como se sente quem se julga chamado, verificar o seu entendimento a respeito dos três conselhos evangélicos e discutir as propostas feitas à Igreja Católica para que os conflitos vivenciados pelos “eleitos” sejam minimizados. / The Roman Catholic Church understands religious vocation (as in the case of priests, nuns and consecrated brothers) as a specific calling for only a few special men and women. This vocation is established by the existence of three binding vows: poverty, obedience, and chastity. Those who are called to this function are comprehended as special from God. However, Eugen Drewermann, on his work "God's Servants", renders problematic this ideal model. Through Depth Psychology he seeks to understand the unconscious psychological motives that lead a young person to look for religious vocation as a way of life. Proceeding from the author's statements, the purpose of this research is to examine some issues, like the reasons that lead a young person to look for priesthood on the Catholic Church as a way of life, what psychological aspects affect this choice, and how does it feel for someone who judges himself called, to verify his understanding about the three evangelical counsels and to consider proposals made to the Catholic Church in order to minimize the conflicts experienced by the “elected”.

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This study investigates the role that African traditional beliefs and practices play in defining psychological problems, determines how these beliefs and practices manifest in a counselling relationship and explores how Western based forms of counselling manage these manifestations in counselling. This investigation is in the context of the on-going debate on the relevance of Western Psychological counselling in South Africa and the rest of Africa, including my experience during my internship to register as a Counsellor. It explores the impact of conducting counselling with clients whose worldviews are different from those of the counsellor and focuses on the impact of the client’s worldviews on psychological well-being, psychological ill health and the resolution of psychological problems. Psychological well-being, ill health and counselling were discussed from a Western perspective. The study found that the client participants defined their psychological problems in terms of their African traditional beliefs and practices. They communicated their presenting psychological problems in ways that created possibility of miscommunication between themselves and their counsellors, for example by using figurative language. There was also a clear distinction between how psychological problems are managed from an African traditional perspective (ritualistic) and a Western perspective (talking therapy). The study recommended the creation of specific departments in Universities to embark on research aimed at establishing foundational structures on which to build an African Indigenous Psychology as an alternative to Western Psychology. More comprehensive research on African people’s attitudes is, suggested, on what traditional Africans think of psychological counselling. Another recommendation accruing from the limitation on sampling in this study is that future studies should be conducted with larger and more diverse samples; moreover, data should be gathered on a wider variety of demographics and cultural belief systems and practices. To counter prejudice and ignorance, the counsellor ‘to be’ should study African culture and customs during their BA Honours studies. On-going training and workshops on cross-cultural issues from various cultures should be part of the counselling profession. More emphasis should be placed on prevention and therefore more mental health clinics in the rural areas need to be opened and general education on psychological issues and cultural integration be initiated. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

Abstract The empirical material for studying children's creative writing was collected in Taivalkoski, Lapland (a basic education course at Päätalo Institute, ten girls), and Oulu, Northern Finland (a creative writing project in a hospital school, two girls and two boys), in spring 2000. I was the instructor at the courses as well as the researcher. The children were 8–13 years in age. The subject of my study consists of the stories written by the children: what sort of stories they write and how creative writing suits hospital and school environments. I also look into bibliotherapy conducted among children and young people. In my study I describe, analyse and interpret by means of qualitative research the courses in creative writing offered by Päätalo Institute and the hospital school. As case studies, these two are stand-alone studies independent of each other. By qualitative approach in this work I mean that I describe how I build my interpretation as a researcher. The stories written by children provide material externalised from the subconscious as stories and writings which it is possible to interpret from a depth-psychological point of view. Sigmund Freud's understanding of dreams as manifestations of subconscious fears and hopes acquires a new form in the horror stories children write. The child works his or her activated energy charge through manipulating the dream-like and violent elements in stories in a controlled manner: by writing. In bibliotherapy, one studies one's own feelings, thoughts and memories and compares them to the experiences of others. This sort of work on feelings, thoughts and memories seemed to take place especially in the writer projects of the hospital school children: they worked on emotional processes while writing. On the basis of my study, creative writing and bibliotherapy offer a child or a young person a means for working out, at both conscious and subconscious levels, matters relating to the present stage of his or her development and current life condition. While writing, the child deals with his or her relations to friends, parents and the self. He or she treats hobbies and other topics of interest but problems as well. Studies already provide information as to the positive effects of bibliotherapy – reading and writing both have therapeutic effects – but more in-depth research is required. My dissertation shows that groups using bibliotherapy can function in the field of paediatric and adolescent psychiatry in homes for children and adolescents. They can also function in the environment of youth clubs and schools with bibliotherapy as a creative literary art activity to deter problems and foster growth and development. The method I developed, the Fantasy Treasure Chest (Fantasian aarrearkku), is one that can be taken in more general use for both instructing creative writing and collecting research material. / Tiivistelmä Lasten luovan kirjoittamisen tutkimuksen empiirinen aineisto kerättiin keväällä 2000 Taivalkoskella (Päätalo-instituutin sanataiteen perusopetuksen jakso, 10 tyttöä) ja Oulussa (sairaalakoulun luovan kirjoittamisen projekti, 2 tyttöä, 2 poikaa). Toimin itse sekä tutkijana että kurssien ohjaajana. Lapset olivat 8–13-vuotiaita. Tutkimuskohteina olivat lasten kirjoittamat tarinat: millaisia tarinoita he kirjoittavat, ja miten luova kirjoittaminen sopii sairaala- ja koulukontekstiin. Tein myös katsauksen lasten ja nuorten parissa toteutettuun kirjallisuusterapiaan. Tutkimuksessani kuvaan, analysoin ja tulkitsen laadullisen tutkimuksen keinoin Päätalo-instituutin ja sairaalakoulun luovan kirjoittamisen kursseja. Nämä ovat tutkimustapauksina itsenäisiä, toisistaan riippumattomia kokonaisuuksia. Laadullinen lähestymistapa työssäni on sitä, että kuvaan, miten tutkijana rakennan tulkintaani. Lasten kirjoittamista tarinoista löytyy tiedostamattoman materiaalia ulkoistuneina tarinoiksi ja kirjoituksiksi, jotka avautuvat syvyyspsykologisesta näkökulmasta tulkittuina. Sigmund Freudin käsitykset unista pelkojen ja toiveiden tiedostamattoman ilmentyminä saavat uudenlaisen muotonsa esimerkiksi lasten kirjoittamissa kauhukertomuksissa. Tarinoiden unenomaisten ja väkivaltaisten elementtien kautta lapsi käsittelee aktivoitunutta energialataustaan hallitussa muodossa: kirjoittamalla. Kirjallisuusterapiassa tutkitaan omia tunteita, ajatuksia ja muistoja, ja näitä verrataan toisten kokemuksiin. Tätä tunteiden, ajatusten ja muistojen käsittelyä näytti tapahtuvan etenkin sairaalakoulun lasten kirjoittajaprojektissa: lapset työstivät kirjoittamisen ohessa psyykkisiä prosessejaan. Tutkimukseni perusteella lasten luova kirjoittaminen ja kirjallisuusterapia tarjoavat lapselle ja nuorelle väylän työstää meneillään olevaan kehitysvaiheeseen ja elämäntilanteeseen liittyviä asioita sekä tietoisella että tiedostamattomalla tasolla. Lapsi käsittelee kirjoittaessaan suhdettaan kavereihin, vanhempiinsa ja itseensä. Hän käsittelee kirjoittamalla harrastuksiaan ja mielenkiinnonkohteitaan mutta myös ongelmiaan. Tutkimukset kertovat kirjallisuusterapian myönteisistä vaikutuksista – lukemisella ja kirjoittamisella on terapeuttinen vaikutus – mutta tarvitaan vielä perusteellisempia tutkimuksia. Väitöskirjani osoittaa, että kirjallisuusterapeuttisia ryhmiä voi toimia lasten- ja nuorisopsykiatriassa ja lasten- ja nuorisokodeissa sekä sanataidetoimintana ennaltaehkäisevänä, kasvua ja kehitystä tukevana ryhmätoimintana kerhoissa ja kouluissa. Kehittelemäni Fantasian aarrearkku -menetelmä on yksi keino käyttöön otettavaksi niin luovan kirjoittamisen ohjaukseen kuin tutkimusmateriaalin keräämiseenkin.

In the first part, this thesis is examining the psychology of C. G. Jung, especially those parts, which are somehow connected to interpersonal relationships. That means foremostly the psychological projections and mechanisms, which are causing those projections. By those mechanisms, I mean the dynamics of consciousness - unconsciousness, the shadow and the cognitive functions. Besides those concepts and mechanisms, the thesis aims to explore the way which Jung ascribes to deal with those shadow projections - in favor of improving the interpersonal relationships. This deed lays mainly in the so-called individuation, with main focus on the shadow integration. The aim of the second part of this thesis is to reflect upon the C. G. Jung's psychology from the theological ethics point of view. The thesis is defining the criteria of goodness of the interpersonal relationship from the theological ethics standpoint. Then further uses those criteria to clarify the conditions under which could be maintained the dialogue and cooperation between theology and psychology and thus, under which conditions is theologically acceptable to utilize C. G. Jung's findings.