Poster exhibited at GPSC Student Showcase, February 24th, 2016, University of Arizona. 2nd Place Winner of the Creativity Undergraduate Award. / Architecture has the power to create an inclusive society where everyone feels as if they have a voice and responsibility to a sustainable future. With collaboration and dedication, architectural design can have a huge impact on the living conditions of underrepresented communities. Working through the Drachman Design Build Coalition, the scope of the project involves designing and constructing an affordable dwelling for a low-income family in the city of Tucson, Arizona. The overall mission of building affordable housing is to provide under-served families with housing opportunities that would not be otherwise. The house will be designed as a 2-3 bedroom dwelling with 2 bathrooms, and indoor living space, outdoor living area, and a carport. Through research and physical observation, potential sites were explored, sustainable strategies were learned, and affordable housing techniques were studied. Many iterations of housing models were developed based on information gained from local books and journals written on traditional southwestern housing designs. The Notch House starts to develop as a sustainable affordable housing project designed in response to underrepresented families in Tucson.

Design-build is the process whereby a project is constructed by the same entity that designed it. Detailed narratives are provided for the collaborative, integrated designbuild of two small, relatively contemporary pavilions. The first was constructed as part of a design-build workshop taught by Steve Badanes, director of the Neighborhood Design/Build Studio at the University of Washington Department of Architecture and founder of the international architecture firm The Jersey Devil. The second, a multi-use pavilion on the site of a former junkyard, was implemented as a local volunteer community service project using Badanes' method. A third proposal is also described; an amphitheater honoring the late architect and educator Samuel Mockbee FAIA in his hometown of Canton, Mississippi. An integrated design-build process emphasizes synthesis of assemblages. The design-build of a small pavilion by a group can serve as a simple, straightforward introduction to collaboration and the nature of synthetic processes.

This thesis aims to provide an examination of design/build projects as a mode of educating architects from the perspective of a recurring student participant. Contemporary scholarly articles are synthesized with the observations of a student with a range of experience to form a position on the place and purpose of design/build in architectural education. Additionally, these conclusions are used to formulate an outline of the ideal design/build course for architecture students. / Master of Architecture

What can be learned about design through the process of building? The intent of this thesis is to learn about building; to gain a true understanding of the way design decisions are realized through built components. If by knowing what is to come in a project's future, does the designer change their way of working? A disconnect exists between imagined and realized design. As an idea moves closer to reality, much of its' initial spirit can be lost in translation. This thesis was conceived as a design-build project, in an attempt to answer these questions. The intent was to consider a small-scale, built addition to an existing structure with a program simply focused on providing a place to vew from. By limiting the scope of building to a simple structure, it inherently forces a complete understanding of the nature of its connection. Through this consideration, one also must consider the limitations of assembling the work; that is, what are one or two people capable of making? The limits of solidarity result in a design that requires modularity; something that is able to be broken down into small, manageable pieceswhich are assembled to produce a whole. Therein lies both the challenge and the value of this thesis, as well as the lessons learned in building architecture. / Master of Architecture / What can be learned about design through the process of building? The aim of this Thesis was to take fundamental theoretical knowledge about building, acquired through my architectural education, and apply it through building a small structure. A freestanding concrete staircase, located at a research facility on Virginia Tech's campus, was chosen for the structure's site. The intent was to add an additional set of stairs to it, allowing visitors to reach a higher viewing point to look out over the hills of Blacksburg. The project was conceived as something small enough to be built quickly and with few people. By using primarily wood and simple hardware store materials, the project would be easy to work on and relatively inexpensive.

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This project aims to chronicle the process of building from the architects point of view. Not mindless, mechanical tasks aimed at some economic goal; but tangible, thoughtful work towards an educational and philosophical desire. The desire to be a Master-Builder has fueled architects for centuries. It is a role that the common definition of Architect has all but forgotten. While in practice very few of us will continue this tradition, it is important that we not lose this fundamental aspect of building. To begin to fulfill oneself with this title, the path is very simple: build a building. That is what follows in this book. It is a chronological outline of the design and build of the New River Valley Train Observation Tower. An additional layer to this project is the inclusion of a variety of innovative building materials/techniques, particularity the use of hardwood cross-laminated timber (CLT). This building will serve as an ongoing research opportunity to evaluate the conditions of building with this material in an extreme condition, complete exposure to weather. No work of architecture is a solo endeavor, yet my heavy involvement in the design, documentation, and building of the tower has culminated in a body of work that is distinctly my own. My role was that of a project manager, and I reported to faculty Kay Edge, Edward Becker, and Robert Riggs. This structure allowed me to have a great deal of independence, while vetting my drawings and ideas with experienced professionals. A small group of students joined me in the larger aspects of the build, which provided another opportunity to discover an aspect so critical to building: collaboration. This build taught so much about project management, design, and realization that could only be understood through such a physical experience. / Master of Architecture / This project aims to chronicle the process of building from the architects point of view. Not mindless, mechanical tasks aimed at some economic goal; but tangible, thoughtful work towards an educational and philosophical desire. The desire to be a Master-Builder has fueled architects for centuries. It is a role that the common definition of Architect has all but forgotten. While in practice very few of us will continue this tradition, it is important that we not lose this fundamental aspect of building. To begin to fulfill oneself with this title, the path is very simple: build a building. That is what follows in this book. It is a chronological outline of the design and build of the New River Valley Train Observation Tower. An additional layer to this project is the inclusion of a variety of innovative building materials/techniques, particularity the use of hardwood cross-laminated timber (CLT). This building will serve as an ongoing research opportunity to evaluate the conditions of building with this material in an extreme condition, complete exposure to weather. No work of architecture is a solo endeavor, yet my heavy involvement in the design, documentation, and building of the tower has culminated in a body of work that is distinctly my own. My role was that of a project manager, and I reported to faculty Kay Edge, Edward Becker, and Robert Riggs. This structure allowed me to have a great deal of independence, while vetting my drawings and ideas with experienced professionals. A small group of students joined me in the larger aspects of the build, which provided another opportunity to discover an aspect so critical to building: collaboration. This build taught so much about project management, design, and realization that could only be understood through such a physical experience.

While other alternative project delivery methods have emerged to address the limitations of Design-Bid-Build, Design-Build-Finance (DBF) has surfaced more recently. Although DBF has gained prominence in the past decade, research pertaining to this method is limited. Consequently, this research investigated the use of DBF for the delivery of transportation infrastructure by five State DOTs: Florida, North Carolina, Georgia, Michigan and Texas through a combination of interviews with DOT personnel and investigation of completed or on-going DBF projects. To complement this, subject matter experts (SMEs) were interviewed to obtain a more general market perspective of DBF. As a result, two variants of DBF, DBF – Receivables and DBF – Risk Transfer, were identified; the DOTs investigated and the US more broadly, primarily use the DBF - Receivables variant where the contractor is entitled to payments for the activities completed irrespective of the project's completion. Whereas in the DBF – Risk Transfer variant, the contractor's payments are linked to the completion of the project. Further, DBF is employed on projects that are (i) in need of acceleration, which generates (ii) social and economic benefits such as congestion relief and safety enhancements; such projects are also (iii) subjected to short-term budgetary restrictions, but they typically have (iv) funds programmed in the future. The distinction found in the variants of DBF provides a better understanding of the drivers of DBF, which were validated through interviews. In practice, this distinction also aids public agencies in better identification of the appropriate project delivery method for a given project. / Master of Science / Infrastructure projects are complex with many stakeholders involved in different stages of the project lifecycle. Design-Bid-Build (DBB) is the conventional method of project delivery for government agencies in the United States for delivery of infrastructure in the in 20th century due to legislation like the Brooks Act of 1972. Alternative project delivery methods, which can be classified into Capital Delivery Methods like Design-Build (DB) and Lifecycle Approach Methods like Design-Build-Finance-Operate-Maintain (DBFOM), have recently re-emerged to overcome the shortcomings of DBB. Design-Build-Finance (DBF) is one such alternative delivery method that has been increasingly used in the past decade to aid public transportation agencies to meet growing infrastructure needs. Significant research has been conducted to determine the drivers of alternative delivery methods like DB and DBFOM. The potential benefits of DBFOM are not found in DBF since a contractor is not involved in the operations and maintenance stages of a project. Moreover, current literature on DBF is limited since it is a contemporary phenomenon. In the US, 11 transportation projects were identified that employed DBF in the past decade. To understand why public agencies are using DBF, this research examined DBF programs in five states using a mix of interviews of key stakeholders and a review of available project documentation. Two variants of DBF with different payment structures and risk profiles were uncovered. Further, agencies tend to employ DBF to accelerate the timeline of a project that has funds programmed in later years and to realize the associated social and economic benefits such as congestion relief or improved safety. However, agencies must consider potential disadvantages such as increased oversight and financing costs when deciding whether or not to use this method.

ABSTRACT OPPORTUNITIES AND BARRIERS OF ARCHITECT LED DESIGN-BUILD PROJECTS Deniz,Ay&ccedil / a M.Sc. in Building Science, Department of Architecture Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Soofia Tahira Elias Ozkan September 2012, 77 pages From past to today, technological developments have resulted in new systems in parallel with digital age. Innovations have been started to be replaced with the traditional solutions. Standardizations have also started to be renewed in accordance with the high technology and complexity of the projects. Under these circumstances, design and construction activities have been separated in the construction industry. As a result, alternative project delivery systems have been developed and selecting the right delivery system has gained importance depending upon the complexity of the projects The main objective of this study was to propose a model that supports architect&rsquo / s leadership in design-build systems throughout an international airport project as a case study. Thus, construction industry will gain awareness for the organization structures in which architectural groups lead the other disciplines to achieve success in design-build systems considering time cost quality triangle. In this study, organization charts including project construction process and factors affecting design and construction activities were investigated. The matrix relationship in production level of the organization charts among the project disciplines has been analyzed. According to the evaluation of models reflecting the existing status, alternative models supporting architect&rsquo / s leadership are proposed.

Structural frames are widely used in sectors such as residential, education, commercial, health, retail, leisure etc. and the selection of a structural frame appropriate to a building s function and client needs is a key decision with significant short- and long-term implications. There is a wide choice of structural frame materials for building projects, i.e concrete, steel, timber, or masonry. Although many options are available, these tend to be based on structural steel or reinforced concrete for the simplest buildings. The nature of concrete frame buildings has developed significantly with the emergence of new technologies and innovations particularly in formwork, concrete as a material, and reinforcement developments. As a result, concrete frame construction has become a faster, more sustainable, and safer form of construction. However, competition from other framing materials such as steel have proved challenging. This research was initiated in response to this challenge and represents one organisation s attempt to deliver improvements in order to promote concrete in the UK structural frames market. The organisation is strongly focused on the continued development of concrete through design inspiration and construction efficiency, research strategy, education and training, new product and process innovation and the achievement of best performance of concrete in practice. The research programme was established to address issues that are considered by decision makers when choosing the optimum frame solution for a building project, and to identify how such decisions are made in practice. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods have been adopted during the EngD research including a literature review, industry questionnaire survey and case study. From an initial set of interviews, ten key issues were identified at the early stage of the research as being the most important affecting the structural frame selection for a building project. The structural engineer was found, unsurprisingly, to be the most influential decision-maker in the choice of frame at each stage of design process from a subsequent survey of cost consultants, project managers and clients. The survey also revealed that Design-Build is the preferred procurement route amongst developers of building projects, ranging from complex, high quality projects to simple buildings which suggested that most contractors must be getting involved earlier in the design process and thus could be influencing major decisions, such as the selection of a structural frame. Four case study project teams were examined, from which it was clear that contractors could be influential in the frame selection process if they had the willingness to build in a particular frame type (provided that the frame type selected meets the client s requirements). Key findings on the choice of frame in a Design-Build project and the various actions taken by the contractor were highlighted by the research, including the important role played in the decision-making process by more informed clients, who are much more likely to be influential in deciding on the frame type. Further work could be carried out to assess the specific benefits of early contractor involvement, the factors that affect the extent to which contractors get involved with structural frame decision making and the risk relationship between client and contractor. The findings of this work have been presented in five peer-reviewed papers.

隨著工程專案計畫內容日益複雜、成本挑戰或技術日新月異，為追求業主與承包商之雙贏及減少雙方紛爭，於歐美國家廣泛採用之統包模式被引進國內工程界。統包制度為減少採購發包次數、減輕工程行政作業、縮短工程執行時程、減少工程介面等所規劃之招標方式，可見得為針對傳統發包模式之缺點盡可能的作改進。惟國內目前統包招標方式之法源為政府採購法第24條及統包實施辦法、營造業法之相關規定，對於統包工程履行階段所可能發生之法律問題皆未有明確法律要件及法律效果之規定，但美國學界及工程實務界、我國工程實務界對統包問題已有數年之研究，我國法院對於統包工程亦有相當多法律見解，本論文即源此先針對統包工程之定義、優缺點及工程執行架構、適用之工程類型等作介紹，其次針對統包工程從基本設計開始所發生之重大問題提出分析，引進外國學說之討論及國內法院及工程實務界之見解試提出解決方法，最後作出結論，以期對日後統包工程法律爭議問題及相關統包工程新法修訂有所幫助。