Recent developments in network culture suggest a weakening of hierarchical narratives of power and representation. Online technologies of distributed authorship appear to nurture a complex, speculative, contradictory and contingent realism. Yet there is a continuing deficit where the moving image is concerned, its very form appearing resistant to the dynamic throughputs and change models of real-time interaction. If the task is not to suspend but encourage disbelief as a condition in the user, how can this be approached as a design problem? In the attempt to build a series of design projects suggesting open architectures for the moving image, might a variety of (pre-digital) precursors from the worlds of art, architecture and film offer the designer models for inspiration or adaptation? A series of projects have been undertaken. Each investigates the composite moving image, specifically in the context of real-time computation and interaction. This arose from a desire to interrogate the qualia of the moving image within interactive systems, relative to a range of behaviours and/or observer positions, which attempt to situate users as conscious compositors. This is explored in the thesis through reflecting on a series of experimental interfaces designed for real time composition in performance, exhibition and online contexts.

The skills of the designer are at once specific and general, pertaining to issues at the technical scale as well as at the cultural scale, as architects are specifically positioned to affect the built fabric. However, on the cultural scale, the negative effects of non-inclusive, top-down architecture have been documented for decades.1 The realm of architecture that is responsive to the needs of those who will be most affected by it's implications has been gaining momentum as well as popularity, with the emergence of Community Design Centers who are concerned with spatial agency as it applies to design.2 While who is deemed to be the public and what is considered to be in their interest varies, there are always power dynamics at play when a designer interacts with a group or a public client. Practitioners concerned with the effects of public architecture attempt to deal with the issues that inevitably arise in the complicated interplay between power structures and public service. The guiding question; How can architecture best be of service?, leads to a multitude more such as; who is being served? and how is that group being defined? Perhaps the most important question for the architect becomes; What is the role of the architect in a design process that aims to encourage and facilitate participation? And can community-designed projects, however effective, truly be defined as architecture if not fully designed by an architect? The practice of participatory design requires a re-framing of what is considered to be the architect's expert knowledge. As practitioners develop strategies for implementing this more engaged, transparent process, more projects are being seen that encourage user involvement and investment. Through engaging in a critique of current participatory design models and identifying areas in which they succeed as well as fail, a overview of the work currently being done in the field emerges. The identification of these issues serves as a basis for their potential resolution, both through a revised set expectations for the role of the architect as well as recommendations for a more functional process. The process is then tested through a series of scenarios which demonstrate its effectiveness while portraying a realistic set of characters and events. / 0 / SPK / specialcollections@tulane.edu

Introduction: Patient participation is important for improving outcomes and respecting selfdetermination and legal aspects in care. Heart failure is a chronic condition that puts high demands on self-care and patient participation. Patients often need advanced care due to deterioration of their heart failure symptoms, and one option is to provide care as home-care. There is limited knowledge of how patients with heart failure and their partners view participation in home-care. Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to describe different perspectives of participation in structured heart failure home-care among patients with heart failure and their partners. Methods: All patients in this thesis received structured heart failure home-care, according to a model aiming to facilitate care, where safety, participation, and gaining knowledge about the illness and treatment, are in focus. Study I had a prospective pre-post longitudinal design including 100 patients with heart failure receiving home-care. Data was collected by selfadministered questionnaires. Study II had a descriptive design. Nineteen patients receiving home-care were interviewed, and data was analysed using qualitative content analysis. Study III had a descriptive and explorative design. Data was collected by video-recorded observations of 19 home visits and analysed by qualitative content analysis. Study IV had a parallel convergent mixed-method design including 15 partners of patients receiving structured home-care. Data was collected by interviews and self-administered questionnaires. Datasets were first analysed separately and then together. Results: Better self-care behaviour was significantly associated with all measured aspects of participation. Participation by received information increased significantly during the 12-month follow-up (I). Patients’ descriptions of participation included communication between patients and health care professionals, access to care, active involvement in care, a trustful relation with health care professionals, and options for decision-making(II). Observed care encounters revealed that participation was made possible by; (i) interaction, including exchange of care-related information, care-related reasoning, and collaboration, (ii) an enabling approach, including the patient expresses own wishes and shows an active interest, and the nurse is committed and invites to a dialogue (III). Partners scored fairly positive for their participation in care and they performed different levels of caregiving tasks. Descriptions of participation included; adapting to the caring needs and illness trajectory, mastering caregiving demands, interacting with care providers, and gaining knowledge to comprehend the health situation. The mixed-method results showed both convergent results and expanded knowledge (IV). Conclusions: Structured heart failure home-care facilitated participation both for patients and their partners. Patient participation with regard to received information improved significantly after receiving home-care. Aspects of patient participation were consistently associated with better self-care behaviour. Patients’ and partners’ descriptions revealed many aspects of participation, and observed home visits revealed how interaction and an enabling approach underpinned participation.

Esta pesquisa apresenta uma proposta de intervenção colaborativa do designer no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos de Tecnologia Assistiva (TA). A intenção dessa proposta foi sugerir uma forma de atuação colaborativa e integrada do designer, que considere o usuário como protagonista de todo o processo e contribua para com os demais profissionais que hoje atuam no desenvolvimento de TA. A proposta objetivou favorecer ainda, o desenvolvimento de produtos mais adequados aos contextos reais e sociais do usuário e que assim potencializem a pessoa com deficiência nas tarefas das atividades diárias com vistas a inclusão social e escolar. Para atingir o objetivo principal da pesquisa, a estratégia adotada foi a realização de uma pesquisa de campo exploratória através da análise de um caso – criança com deficiência, com sete anos de idade, que estava no início da terapia no centro de reabilitação e que frequentava uma escola de ensino regular. Este estudo considerou que as demandas específicas de pessoas com deficiência, sobretudo as crianças, devem merecer a devida atenção para indicarem os atributos a serem considerados com vistas aos requisitos de projeto de produtos assistivos. / The development of the social inclusion process, which is built from policies, laws, projects and services, configures a new scenario that demands collective actions from society as a whole. Universities, companies, associations and professionals must think, research and act to create opportunities to effectively enable all individuals to use the built environment, and all products and services integrated within it, with safety and comfort. These collective actions require the participation of several professionals at the places attended by the users, where real demands can be identified and where strategies can be operationalized. The key to achieve this is an integrated and collaborative development process for Assistive technology (AT) products, reinforced through an interdisciplinary work in which the user - a disabled child - is the protagonist of the whole process. Therefore, this study presents a proposal for a collaborative designer's intervention in the Assistive Technology development process. The proposal intends to suggest a form of integrated and collaborative action, which considers the user as the protagonist of the whole process, and also to contribute with other professionals that currently work on the development of new AT products. Additionally, the proposal seeks to favor the creation of products that are more appropriate for the user's social and daily reality, and that because that, are able to potentiate the disabled people on their daily activities in order to accomplish social and educational inclusion. To fulfill this research's main objective, the chosen strategy was to do an exploratory field research through case analysis: disabled child, seven years old, who was starting his treatment at the rehabilitation center and that was at the same time going to regular school. This study considers that the specific demands of disabled people, especially children, deserve a fair amount of attention because they can indicate attributes that should be taken into consideration on the development of assistive technology products.

Esta pesquisa apresenta uma proposta de intervenção colaborativa do designer no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos de Tecnologia Assistiva (TA). A intenção dessa proposta foi sugerir uma forma de atuação colaborativa e integrada do designer, que considere o usuário como protagonista de todo o processo e contribua para com os demais profissionais que hoje atuam no desenvolvimento de TA. A proposta objetivou favorecer ainda, o desenvolvimento de produtos mais adequados aos contextos reais e sociais do usuário e que assim potencializem a pessoa com deficiência nas tarefas das atividades diárias com vistas a inclusão social e escolar. Para atingir o objetivo principal da pesquisa, a estratégia adotada foi a realização de uma pesquisa de campo exploratória através da análise de um caso – criança com deficiência, com sete anos de idade, que estava no início da terapia no centro de reabilitação e que frequentava uma escola de ensino regular. Este estudo considerou que as demandas específicas de pessoas com deficiência, sobretudo as crianças, devem merecer a devida atenção para indicarem os atributos a serem considerados com vistas aos requisitos de projeto de produtos assistivos. / The development of the social inclusion process, which is built from policies, laws, projects and services, configures a new scenario that demands collective actions from society as a whole. Universities, companies, associations and professionals must think, research and act to create opportunities to effectively enable all individuals to use the built environment, and all products and services integrated within it, with safety and comfort. These collective actions require the participation of several professionals at the places attended by the users, where real demands can be identified and where strategies can be operationalized. The key to achieve this is an integrated and collaborative development process for Assistive technology (AT) products, reinforced through an interdisciplinary work in which the user - a disabled child - is the protagonist of the whole process. Therefore, this study presents a proposal for a collaborative designer's intervention in the Assistive Technology development process. The proposal intends to suggest a form of integrated and collaborative action, which considers the user as the protagonist of the whole process, and also to contribute with other professionals that currently work on the development of new AT products. Additionally, the proposal seeks to favor the creation of products that are more appropriate for the user's social and daily reality, and that because that, are able to potentiate the disabled people on their daily activities in order to accomplish social and educational inclusion. To fulfill this research's main objective, the chosen strategy was to do an exploratory field research through case analysis: disabled child, seven years old, who was starting his treatment at the rehabilitation center and that was at the same time going to regular school. This study considers that the specific demands of disabled people, especially children, deserve a fair amount of attention because they can indicate attributes that should be taken into consideration on the development of assistive technology products.

Esta pesquisa apresenta uma proposta de intervenção colaborativa do designer no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos de Tecnologia Assistiva (TA). A intenção dessa proposta foi sugerir uma forma de atuação colaborativa e integrada do designer, que considere o usuário como protagonista de todo o processo e contribua para com os demais profissionais que hoje atuam no desenvolvimento de TA. A proposta objetivou favorecer ainda, o desenvolvimento de produtos mais adequados aos contextos reais e sociais do usuário e que assim potencializem a pessoa com deficiência nas tarefas das atividades diárias com vistas a inclusão social e escolar. Para atingir o objetivo principal da pesquisa, a estratégia adotada foi a realização de uma pesquisa de campo exploratória através da análise de um caso – criança com deficiência, com sete anos de idade, que estava no início da terapia no centro de reabilitação e que frequentava uma escola de ensino regular. Este estudo considerou que as demandas específicas de pessoas com deficiência, sobretudo as crianças, devem merecer a devida atenção para indicarem os atributos a serem considerados com vistas aos requisitos de projeto de produtos assistivos. / The development of the social inclusion process, which is built from policies, laws, projects and services, configures a new scenario that demands collective actions from society as a whole. Universities, companies, associations and professionals must think, research and act to create opportunities to effectively enable all individuals to use the built environment, and all products and services integrated within it, with safety and comfort. These collective actions require the participation of several professionals at the places attended by the users, where real demands can be identified and where strategies can be operationalized. The key to achieve this is an integrated and collaborative development process for Assistive technology (AT) products, reinforced through an interdisciplinary work in which the user - a disabled child - is the protagonist of the whole process. Therefore, this study presents a proposal for a collaborative designer's intervention in the Assistive Technology development process. The proposal intends to suggest a form of integrated and collaborative action, which considers the user as the protagonist of the whole process, and also to contribute with other professionals that currently work on the development of new AT products. Additionally, the proposal seeks to favor the creation of products that are more appropriate for the user's social and daily reality, and that because that, are able to potentiate the disabled people on their daily activities in order to accomplish social and educational inclusion. To fulfill this research's main objective, the chosen strategy was to do an exploratory field research through case analysis: disabled child, seven years old, who was starting his treatment at the rehabilitation center and that was at the same time going to regular school. This study considers that the specific demands of disabled people, especially children, deserve a fair amount of attention because they can indicate attributes that should be taken into consideration on the development of assistive technology products.