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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

An integrated framework for developing generic modular reconfigurable platforms for micro manufacturing and its implementation

Sun, Xizhi January 2009 (has links)
The continuing trends of miniaturisation, mass customisation, globalisation and wide use of the Internet have great impacts upon manufacturing in the 21st century. Micro manufacturing will play an increasingly important role in bridging the gap between the traditional precision manufacturing and the emerging technologies like MEMS/NEMS. The key requirements for micro manufacturing in this context are hybrid manufacturing capability, modularity, reconfigurability, adaptability and energy/resource efficiency. The existing design approaches tend to have narrow scope and are largely limited to individual manufacturing processes and applications. The above requirements demand a fundamentally new approach to the future applications of micro manufacturing so as to obtain producibility, predictability and productivity covering the full process chains and value chains. A novel generic modular reconfigurable platform (GMRP) is proposed in such a context. The proposed GMRP is able to offer hybrid manufacturing capabilities, modularity, reconfigurablity and adaptivity as both an individual machine tool and a micro manufacturing system, and provides a cost effective solution to high value micro manufacturing in an agile, responsive and mass customisation manner. An integrated framework has been developed to assist the design of GMRPs due to their complexity. The framework incorporates theoretical GMRP model, design support system and extension interfaces. The GMRP model covers various relevant micro manufacturing processes and machine tool elements. The design support system includes a user-friendly interface, a design engine for design process and design evaluation, together with scalable design knowledge base and database. The functionalities of the framework can also be extended through the design support system interface, the GMRP interface and the application interface, i.e. linking to external hardware and/or software modules. The design support system provides a number of tools for the analysis and evaluation of the design solutions. The kinematic simulation of machine tools can be performed using the Virtual Reality toolbox in Matlab. A module has also been developed for the multiscale modelling, simulation and results analysis in Matlab. A number of different cutting parameters can be studied and the machining performance can be subsequently evaluated using this module. The mathematical models for a non-traditional micro manufacturing process, micro EDM, have been developed with the simulation performed using FEA. Various design theories and methodologies have been studied, and the axiomatic design theory has been selected because of its great power and simplicity. It has been applied in the conceptual design of GMRP and its design support system. The implementation of the design support system is carried out using Matlab, Java and XML technologies. The proposed GMRP and framework have been evaluated through case studies and experimental results.
2

Modèle paramétrique, réduit et multi-échelle pour l’optimisation interactive de structures composites / Parametric, reduced and multiscale model for the interactive optimization of laminated composite structures / Modelo paramétrico, reducido y multiescala para la optimización interactiva de estructuras compuestas

Fontecha Dulcey, Gilberto 03 December 2018 (has links)
Concevoir une structure composite consiste à relever un défi de taille : alors qu'un ingénieur qui conçoit un produit mécanique à base de matériau métallique se concentre principalement sur le développement d'une forme qui garantira un comportement spécifique, l'ingénieur pour qui le problème de conception est celui d'un produit à base de matériaux composites doit trouver la meilleure combinaison forme - structure de matériau. Ainsi, il doit aussi concevoir simultanément un matériau et la topologie produit. La combinatoire s’avère être complexe et les espaces de solutions de très grande taille.Les outils de CAO et de simulation par éléments finis n'offrent pas au concepteur une approche permettant d'explorer les espaces de recherche de manière interactive et rapide. Le travail de thèse conduit à une nouvelle approche numérique permettant de manipuler chaque paramètre de conception caractérisant une structure composite, quelle que soit l’échelle à laquelle il est pertinent.Premièrement, le modèle de comportement paramétrique et réduit (Parametric and Reduced Behavior Model, PRBM) est un modèle dit séparé. Il permet :1- une approche multi-échelle : les paramètres mécaniques de la structure sont explicitement décrits comme issus de la qualité matérielle de chaque fibre, de la matrice, de chaque couche et de la topologie même du stratifié,2- une approche multi-physique: indépendamment le comportement mécanique de chaque couche et de chaque interface est traité pour donner lieu au comportement du stratifié. Des situations de comportements statiques et dynamiques sont étudiés. Dans le cas du comportement dynamique, le caractère visco-élastique est devenu un enjeu conceptuel.Deuxièmement, une méthode mixant dérivées non entières et usage de la méthode PGD a permis la réalisation du PRBM. Intégré dans un modèle de connaissance paramétrique (Parametric Knowledge Model, PKM) auprès de modèles de connaissances experts, il constitue la base d'une méthode interactive d’aide à la conception.Le PKM est traité par une méthode d'optimisation évolutionnaire. De ce fait, le concepteur peut explorer de façon interactive les espaces de conception. Pour qualifier nos modèles et notre PRBM, nous étudions 2 problèmes de conception de structures stratifiées. Les solutions déterminées sont qualifiées vis-à-vis de simulations par éléments finis ou selon une approche empirique. / The design process of laminated composites faces a major challenge: while an engineer designing a metallic based mechanical product is mainly focusing on the development of a shape that will guarantee a specific behavior, the engineer designing a composite based product must find the best combination of the shape-material structure. Therefore, he must simultaneously create a material and the product topology. The number of design solutions can be huge since the solution space is considerable.Standard CAE systems (CAD, Finite Element Simulation) do not provide an approach to explore these solution spaces efficiently and interactively. A new numerical procedure is proposed to allow engineers to handle each design parameter of a laminated composite structure, each at its relevant scale.First, the Parametric and Reduced Behavior Model (PRBM) is a separated model that enables reasoning based on1- A multiscale approach: the mechanical parameters of the structure are explicitly described as coming from the material quality of each fiber, the matrix, each layer and the topology of the laminate,2- A multiphysical approach: independently the mechanical behavior of each layer and each interface is processed, leading to the behavior of the laminate. Some situations of static and dynamic behavior are studied. In the case of dynamic behavior, the creeping becomes a conceptual issue.Secondly, a method mixing fractional derivatives and the Proper Generalized Decomposition (PGD) method allowed the creation of the PRBM. Integrated into a Parametric Knowledge Model (PKM) with other expert knowledge models, the PRBM makes the basis of an interactive method of design support.The PKM is processed by an evolutionary optimization method. As a result, the designer can interactively explore the design space. To qualify our models and our PRBM, we study two problems of design of laminated composite structures. The solutions determined are qualified versus finite element simulations or according to an empirical approach. / El diseño de una estructura compuesta es un desafío mayor, mientras que un ingeniero que diseña un producto mecánico con materiales metálicos se concentra principalmente en el desarrollo de una geometría que garantice un comportamiento específico, el ingeniero que diseña un producto con materiales compuestos debe encontrar la mejor combinación forma – estructura del material. De esta manera, el ingeniero debe diseñar simultáneamente el material y la topología del producto, razón por la que esta combinación se vislumbra compleja, puesto que los espacios de solución son gran tamaño.Las herramientas CAO y de simulación por elementos finitos no ofrecen al diseñador una metodología que permita explorar los espacios de solución de manera interactiva y rápida. Por lo tanto, este trabajo de tesis propone un nuevo enfoque numérico que permite manipular parámetros de diseño que caracterizan la estructura compuesta, cualquiera que sea la escala de pertinencia.Como primera medida, el modelo de comportamiento paramétrico y reducido (Parametric and Reduced Behavior Model, PRBM) es un modelo definido de manera separada que permite:1- Un enfoque multiescala: los parámetros mecánicos se presentan de manera explícita en términos de las propiedades de cada fibra, de la matriz, de cada capa y de la topología del mismo apilamiento.2- Un enfoque multifísico: el comportamiento mecánico de cada capa y cada interface se modela de manera independiente para dar lugar al comportamiento del apilamiento. Se estudian situaciones de casos de comportamiento estático y dinámico. En el caso dinámico en particular, se tiene en cuenta también la característica viscoelástica de las interfaces.Como segunda medida, un método que combina derivadas no enteras y el uso de la descomposición propia generalizada (PGD), permite la realización del PRBM. Este constituye la base de un método interactivo de ayuda al diseño, pues está integrado dentro de un modelo de conocimiento (PKM) que también incorpora mejores prácticas aprendidas por expertos.El PKM es utilizado por un método de optimización evolucionaria. De esta manera, el diseñador puede explorar de manera interactiva los espacios de solución. Para validar nuestros modelos y el PRBM, se estudian dos problemas de diseño de estructuras apiladas. Las soluciones obtenidas se comparan con respecto a simulaciones obtenidas por el método de los elementos finitos y con respecto a resultados experimentales.

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