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Abstract In this report I critically evaluate Kripke’s rejection of the possibility of contingently true statements of identity between names. I extract his argument for this view from his book Naming and Necessity and his article “Identity and Necessity”. I discuss debates in the relevant literature about Kripke’s positions on naming, reference and modality, as these issues influence Kripke’s conclusions about statements of identity between names. I provide my own arguments for rejecting Kripke’s conclusions and accepting that there can be contingently true statements of identity between names.

This thesis deals with classification and designation of steel. It analyses current and most widely used systems of steel designation in EU - in connection with standards that are adapted and used in different branches and concerns in the Czech Republic. The preamble describes classification of steel. The most extensive middle part analyses typical methods of steels designation. The final part conducts comparison of above mentioned methods.

This thesis explores the effectiveness of the Food and Drug Administration’s implementation of Breakthrough Therapy Designation (BTD), focusing on the low number of approval rates and repercussions of BTD for the development of new drugs for patients suffering serious life threatening illnesses. BTD, as an expedited review process, shows potential for improvement in its guidelines for necessary qualifications for BTD. Cutting costs, through a shortening in development time, and raising profits, through first mover status of new to market drugs, BTD is regarded by pharmaceutical executives as a tool to insure not only return on investment but also the rewards that accompanies a profitable blockbuster drug. Lessons learned from activism from 1980’s HIV/AIDS crisis show how advocates and “activist-experts” can rebalance and refocus more attention on the necessary beneficence for patients. A policy stipulation that insures all members: corporate, regulatory, and patient advocate, sit together at the decision making table will insure a more balanced discussion in regards to drug development.

Protection of the appellation of origin under Czech law and international treaties This thesis deals with the topic of appellation of origin. Appellation of origin is governed by Czech law, European Union law and by international multilateral and bilateral treaties. Appellation of origin is an exceptional measure because it provides an indefinite number of users meeting prescribed conditions with protection. The paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter deals with history and with theoretical introduction into the topic of appellations of origin. Following three chapters describe the protection in the Czech Republic, European Union and on the international level. There are examples of concrete appellations of origin at the end of each of these three chapters. The examples are used in order to better demonstrate different ways of possible use of the appellations of origin. The work uses legal enactments as well as administrative and court decisions. Specialized publications and opinions of some of the users are used as well. The core of legal regulations governing appellations of origin in many countries is formed by multilateral international treaties. This applies also in case of the Czech Republic and the European Union. Application for registration of an appellation of origin may be filled...

Legal protection of domain names in relation to rights of designation Abstract The diploma thesis focusing on the legal protection of domains in relation to the rights of designation has an ambition to offer its readers a comprehensive view of this issue. The work is divided into two basic parts, namely technical and legal parts. In the technical part, attention is paid to both the technical background of the domains, the functioning of the domain name system as well as the individual concepts such as the difference between the domain and the domain name. Legal part is divided into two chapters. The first chapter seeks, in particular, to anchor domains within the legal order, while the other deals with their differences with respect to the rights to designations and possible collisions with them. In the first chapter, apart from a bit of history, the technical functioning of domains within the domain name system is described. Emphasis is placed on the hierarchical structure and explanation of the basic principles. The explanation also deals with different types of domains and their differences. The space is also dedicated to the registration process. In the second chapter it deals with the status of domains, respectively domain names within the legal order. It polemize the existence of absolute rights and...

This research used a case study approach to chronicle the process of seeking the American Nurse Credentialing Center's Pathway to Excellence in Long-Term Care designation in one Midwest community. The PTE-LTC practice standards framework guided the implementation of professional nursing practice which focused on a positive practice environment, shared decision-making, accountability for resident care, and the leadership development of nursing staff. These practice standards are outlined in the study and incorporated the major components necessary to implement Professional Nursing Practice and Shared Governance in long-term care. The components of the designation process over a five-year period were documented and compared with other models of shared governance and professional practice supported in the literature. The study included a rich description of the structures and processes in place prior to the designation process and those developed during the process to operationalize the model. The methods which were used to accomplish these organizational changes are identified as well. In addition, the study reports on the effects of the model implementation on organizational, nursing, and resident measures. The implementation of, and support for, a professional nursing practice role and environment in a nursing home was expected to improve both the quality of care and quality of life for older adults who live in the nursing home, as well as staff job satisfaction and retention of nursing staff.

Since 1964, when Congress wrote the Wilderness Act, there has been an increasing amount of controversy between opponents and advocates of wilderness. Wilderness areas in Utah are not immune to this controversy. Public policy makers and land managers are in the middle of this debate. They have the responsibility to assess the resource and estimate the benefits and costs associated with creating policy. This thesis focusses on helping policy makers and land managers recognize a benefit currently not being assessed. Nonuse values are values other than in situ use, where individuals have a value for existence of wilderness or a bequesting value for future generations. If these values exist, current policy would underestimate the benefits. The results of this thesis revealed Utah citizens have a value for wilderness designation other than in situ use value, with estimation by contingent valuation.

Thesis advisor: Janet E. Helms / Part-White Multiracial adults undergo a unique racial identity development process within a racially stratified society. Theorists suggest that different ways of self-designating either improve or impede healthy psychological outcomes for Multiracial people, but virtually no theoretical rationale or empirical studies account for the internal mechanisms underlying self-designations and mental health outcomes. People of Color and White racial identity theories were used to investigate racial dynamics implicit in the identity development and self-designations of Multiracial individuals. The current study examined the relationships between racial self-designations, internalized racial identity, and well-being in part-White Multiracial adults. Part-White (Asian/White or Black/White) Multiracial adults (N = 169) completed a measure of frequency of use of five multiracial self-designations, People of Color and White Racial Identity Attitudes Scales to assess their internal race-related processes (i.e., statuses), and the Brief Symptom Inventory 18 (Derogatis, 2001) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1979) to assess healthy and unhealthy psychological outcomes. Multivariate Multiple Regression Analyses were conducted to examine the relationships among racial self-designation and well-being, racial self-designation and internalized racial identity, and internalized racial identity and well-being. Results specific to racial self-designations were (a) greater disorientation about racial dynamics predicted more frequent identification as White and Multiracial, (b) withdrawal from Whiteness increased monoracial minority self-designation and decreased self-designation as Multiracial (c) more complex appraisals of Whiteness predicted more frequent use of most self-designation choices, and (d) an intellectualized view of Whiteness reduced use of the monoracial minority designations and increased identifying with no racial groups at all. Self-designation use was not related to psychological outcomes, but racial identity statuses were. Overall, the results of the study supported examining racial self-designation, internalized racial identity and well-being in a single study. As expected, internalized racial identity was predictive of self-designations and well-being. This study provides initial support for adding conceptual and empirical complexity to discussions about the mental health and wellbeing of Multiracial people. Methodological limitations and implications for future theory, research, and practice are discussed. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2021. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Counseling, Developmental and Educational Psychology.

In 2018-2019, 35.5% of people with a Dangerous Offender designation were Indigenous (Public Safety Canada, 2020, p. 117). While the disproportionate number of Indigenous people with the designation corresponds to the broader trend of overincarceration of Indigenous people in Canada, very little research has addressed the use of the designation on Indigenous people. This thesis provides a critical discourse analysis of 15 case law reports of Dangerous Offender designation hearings guided by settler colonial theory to examine why the designation disproportionately targets Indigenous people. I specifically examine the ways in which discourse enables the erasure of settler colonialism, and at time Indigeneity, in the decision-making process of Dangerous Offender designation hearings. The analysis found that the juridical framework for the application of the Dangerous Offender designation does not allow the courts to consider the impacts of settler colonialism at the designation stage. As such, the social locations of the individuals that demonstrate how settler colonialism may have contributed to their offending are not discussed in the decision-making process thereby creating a form of erasure of settler colonialism in the designation process. Additionally, the juridical framework gives psych experts much authority in the decision-making process. Thus, risk discourse dominates much of the case law reports and the impacts of settler colonialism as thereby translated in individual risk factors. Many of the risk factors that justify the application of the designation are in fact symptoms of settler colonialism. In sum, I conclude that the juridical framework of the Dangerous Offender designation is designed in a way that contributes to disproportionately targeting Indigenous people because their unique experience of settler colonialism and the role in played in their offending is erased or translated in risk which makes them more of a target.