Submitted in partial fullfilment for the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of IsiZulu namaGugu in the Faculty of Arts at the University of Zululand, 2002. / Ngalolu cwaningo kuhloswe ukweneka obala ukuqanjwa kwabalingiswa nezindawo nemithelela yakho emibhalweni yesiZulu. Isahluko sokuqala siveza ubumqoka bocwaningo kanye nomklamo wocwaningo. Isahluko sesibili siveza izincazelo zamagama abalingiswa ezahlukene, ukuqamba amagama, okubhaliwe ngocwaningo, imihlahlandlela (theories) ngokuqanjwa kwamagama, amagama aqanjwa esuselwa kuphi? Kanye nokubaluleka kwamagama Isahluko sesithathu sigxile kakhulu ekuqanjweni kwamagama ngokwenkathi: inkathi yasendulo, inkathi emaphakathi kanye nenkathi yamanje. Isahluko sesine siveza ukuqanjwa kwamagama ngokwendawo: indawo yasemakhaya, indawo yasedolobheni kanye nendawo exubile. Isahluko sesihlanu siqukethe isihlaziyo, iqoqa kanye nesiphetho..

Submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Department of African Languages at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2012. / Umhlaba uwonke unezindawo ezinamagama ezaziwa ngazo, kanjalo nezigodi zinamagama umphakathi waqamba unganakile ukuthi usebesebenzisa ubuhlakani. La magama ezigodi aqanjwe elandela ubuchule obabungafundelwe phansi. Lobu buchule besekwa nawumlando wamagama uqobo. Lobu buchule ekuqanjweni kwamagama kwalo mphakathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yibona ovikela ukushabalala komlando, ukudidaniswa kwamagama ezigodi zawo, imibango nokuphikisana ngala magama okungahamba kuvele. Isahluko sokuqala siqukethe konke umcwaningi ahlose ukukwenza ocwaningweni lwakhe olumayelana nokuqanjwa kwamagama ezigodi zakwaMpungose endaweni yaseMlalazi. Umcwaningi kulesi sahluko ubeke kabanzi ngomlando wozalo lwakwaMpungose, izinhloso zokwenziwa kocwaningo, ukubaluleka kokwenziwa kocwaningo, imibono yababhali nenjulalwazi mayelana nokuqanjwa kwamagama ezindawo kanye nentshisekelo yokuqalwa kwalolu cwaningo. Ubuye waphawula ngalabo abayohlomula ngobukhona balolu cwaningo.

Background  China is highly relevant in today’s economic environment and will be even more important in the upcoming years, since the Chinese economy, including its domestic consumer market, will keep growing. The country has changed from a merely manufacturing nation to a fast growing consumer market that offers promising marketing opportunities for Western companies. However, successful branding in China remains a challenge. In order to operate successfully, global companies need to position themselves strategically and adjust their marketing strategies to address this very diverse target market. This includes the branding of products. Since consumers’ cultural backgrounds shape their perception of brands, applying brand names to the Chinese market becomes a challenging task for multinational companies. Purpose  The purpose of this thesis is to explore different factors that are crucial for brand naming in China. The findings derived from a thorough literature review will be evaluated in front of empirical research and tested of their applicability to the practice of brand naming in China. Method  A qualitative research approach has been chosen in which the findings of a profound theoretical study are crosschecked via semi- structured in-depth interviews with multiple experts that are currently working in the field of branding in China. Conclusuion  This thesis concludes with stating different factors that have been confirmed and elaborated throughout the research. These factors are categorized in four different perspectives that have been established in the theoretical framework of this thesis: marketing, sociocultural, linguistics and legal. Moreover, the authors conclude that the four different perspectives cannot be seen independently and emphasize their interrelation. Thus, a model is provided that incorporates the crucial factors for brand naming in China and illustrates their interrelation. The authors emphasize that the results cannot be seen as conclusive, however, they provide valuable insights and a sound foundation for further research.

This thesis examines the degree to which lexical and nonlexical procedures for word naming represent distinct processing strategies. A series of experiments were aimed at testing the hypothesis that grapheme-phoneme conversion is relatively more attention demanding than lexical processing (Paap & Noel, 1991). Contrary to predictions of a slowing of the nonlexical route, word naming in Experiment 1 was not affected by a concurrent digit memory load. Experiment 2 failed to support the prediction that the lexical route is susceptible to interference from a visual dot pattern load. In Experiment 3, standard word naming without a memory load produced similar effects of word frequency and regularity to those found in the memory load conditions. The failure to observe shifts in processing strategy in response to load manipulations is tentatively attributed to the predominance of lexical processing due to the nature of disyllabic words. In Experiment 4, a digit load failed to modulate consistency effects but naming latencies decreased with increasing load, as did nonword naming latencies in Experiment 5. It is suggested that readers strategically lower the criterion for initiating a pronunciation in response to task difficulty. Finally, phonological decision latencies in Experiment 6 slowed down from low to high load when at least one item was a pseudohomophone or a nonword. The results imply that nonlexical processing is attention demanding when an accurate phonological code must be assembled in the absence of lexical information. The lack of concurrence costs on word latencies suggests that a relatively automatic lexical procedure may predominate in generating word-specific phonology. Contrasting effects of load are interpreted as indicating distinct lexical and nonlexical strategies and are taken to support dual-route models of word recognition.

Naming is of fundamental importance in the design of transparently distributed operating systems. A transparently distributed operating system should be functionally equivalent to the systems of which it is composed. In particular, the names of remote objects should be indistinguishable from the names oflocal objects. In this thesis we explore the implication that this recursive notion of transparency has for the naming mechanisms provided by an operating system. In particular, we show that a recursive naming system is more readily extensible than a flat naming system by demonstrating that it is in precisely those areas in which a system is not recursive that transparency is hardest to achieve. However, this is not so much a problem of distribution so much as a problem of scale. A system which does not scale well internally will not extend well to a distributed system. Building a distributed system out of existing systems involves joining the name spaces of the individual systems together. When combining name spaces it is important to preserve the identity of individual objects. Although unique identifiers may be used to distinguish objects within a single name space, we argue that it is difficult if not impossible in practice to guarantee the uniqueness of such identifiers between name spaces. Instead, we explore the possibility of Using hierarchical identifiers, unique only within a localised context. However, We show that such identifiers cannot be used in an arbitrary naming graph without compromising the notion of identity and hence violating the semantics of the underlying system. The only alternative is to sacrifice a deterministic notion of identity by using random identifiers to approximate global uniqueness with a know probability of failure (which can be made arbitrarily small if the overall size of the system is known in advance).

Thesis (Ph.D. (Xitsonga)) --University of Limpopo, 2005 / Refer to the document / University of Limpopo

No description available.

The Boston Naming Test (BNT) is a confrontation naming test which is used to measure naming ability. The primary purpose of this study was to identify whether cultural bias negatively affects South African’s performance on the Boston Naming Test (BNT). More specifically the study aimed to identify the exact items of the BNT on which South Africans perform poorly because of cultural bias. The research identified alternate responses given by respondents in terms of a percentage. The study further aimed to explore whether there was a significant difference in performance when comparing English, Zulu and Sotho respondents in terms of item response. This investigation also intended to discover whether being bilingual would affect South African’s performance on the BNT. Finally, the study aimed to explore whether there was a significant difference in the performance on the BNT when comparing male and female respondents. A significant difference was found between the South African and the Canadian sample in terms of item response. 40 items were revealed as problematic in a South African sample. Significant differences were found when comparing English respondents to Zulu respondents as well as when comparing Sotho respondents to English respondents. Although differences were found between male and female performance, the difference was not significant. Ultimately, no significant difference was found between monolingual and bilingual respondents.

Abstract In this report I critically evaluate Kripke’s rejection of the possibility of contingently true statements of identity between names. I extract his argument for this view from his book Naming and Necessity and his article “Identity and Necessity”. I discuss debates in the relevant literature about Kripke’s positions on naming, reference and modality, as these issues influence Kripke’s conclusions about statements of identity between names. I provide my own arguments for rejecting Kripke’s conclusions and accepting that there can be contingently true statements of identity between names.

This present study aimed to: 1) Update and expand the data pool of normal Korean-English speaker’s generative naming task from previous data in Food, Clothes, and Animal categories, 2) analyze the relationship between language proficiencies and total number of words and different categories, and 3) provide easier means of testing Korean-English bilinguals with aphasia through translated standardized tests such as Aphasia Language Performance Scale (ALPS) and Boston Naming Test (BNT). Five additional subjects were added to 25 participants from Kim (2010). The participants were asked to name as many different items as possible in 60 seconds in Food, Clothes, and Animal category in both English and Korean. The participants generated more items in Korean than in English. A significant negative correlation was observed between number of words generated in Korean and Korean proficiency and between number of category doublets produced and language proficiency difference scores. A significant positive correlation was observed between number of words generated in English and English proficiency. Large differences in the number of words generated were observed between the participants assessed and participants from Kim (2010), indicating education level and field of study impacts generative naming ability. / text