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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Isolamento e caracterização de bactéria redutora de sulfato: ênfase na degradação de benzoato / Isolation and characterization of sulfate-reducing bacteria: emphasis in the benzoate use

Silva, Sidnei Pereira da 16 September 2004 (has links)
Este trabalho foi realizado com a finalidade de avaliar a degradação anaeróbia de benzoato por bactérias redutoras de sulfato (BRS). A primeira fase experimental avaliou essa degradação utilizando como inóculo biomassa de reator anaeróbio horizontal de leito fixo (RAHLF) utilizado no tratamento de água residuária de indústria de peróxidos orgânicos. Os ensaios foram realizados em reatores em batelada mantidos em temperatura de 33ºC ±1 e agitação de 150 rpm. Os reatores foram alimentados com meio para BRS e diferentes concentrações de benzoato e sulfato, estabelecendo as seguintes relações: 0,9 (890 mg/L e 970 mg/L), 0,8 (660 mg/L e 870 mg/L) e 0,6 (242 mg/L e 400 mg/L). Após 13 dias verificou-se valores de remoção do benzoato e utilização do sulfato iguais a: (0,9) 71,2% e 98%, (0,7) 97% e 99,9% e (0,6) 91,3% e 15%, respectivamente. Os exames microscópicos revelaram o predomínio de BRS. Na segunda fase experimental foi realizada a purificação celular, utilizando-se técnica de diluição seriada em meio líquido, obtendo-se cultura com predomínio de cocos, gram-negativos, diâmetro médio de 1,8 mm, não formadores de esporos e desulfoviridina positiva. Sendo identificadas como Desulfococcus multivorans através de seqüenciamento do DNAr 16S. As células foram submetidas a testes fisiológicos visando caracterizar o crescimento com diferentes aceptores de elétrons e substratos orgânicos. Nas condições em que predominaram cocos o consumo das fontes de carbono foram melhores quando as fontes aceptoras de elétron eram possuidoras de enxofre. Na terceira fase experimental foram realizados ensaios com a cultura purificada em reatores anaeróbios em batelada submetidos as seguintes concentrações de benzoato e sulfato estabelecendo relações de: (0,3) 600 mg/L e 2000 mg/L; (0,6) 606 mg/L e 1000 mg/L; (1,2) 600 mg/L e 500 mg/L; (1,8) 910 mg/L e 500 mg/L, respectivamente. Após, 13 dias de operação, verificou-se valores de remoção do benzoato e utilização do sulfato, iguais a: 99% e 61,2% (0,3), 99% e 100% (0,6), 99% e 100% (1,2) e 50% e 100% (1,8), respectivamente. A velocidade de crescimento (&#956) e o tempo de geração (Tg) foram respectivamente: 0,010 h-1 e 66,4 horas, para relação 0,6 e 0,011 h-1 e 66,1 horas, para a relação 0,3. / This work was carried out aiming to assess benzoate anaerobic degradation by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). The first experimental phase consisted of assessing this degradation using biomass provided from a horizontal anaerobic immobilized bed reactor (HAIB) applied in the treatment of wastewater from an organic peroxide industry. The essays were carried out in batch reactors kept under 33ºC ±1 of temperature and 150 rpm of agitation. The reactors were fed with a specific culture medium for SRB and also with different concentrations of benzoate and sulfate, establishing the following relations: 0.9 (890 mg/L and 970 mg/L), 0.8 (680 mg/L and 870 mg/L) and 0.6 (242 mg/L and 400 mg/L), respectively. After 13 days of operation, benzoate removal and sulfate utilization efficiency values equal to: (0.9) 71.2% and 98%, (0.8) 97% and 99.9% and (0.6) 91.3% and 15%, respectively, were verified. The microscopic exams revealed the domain of SRB. In the second experimental phase cellular purification was carried out using the serial dilution technique in liquid medium, obtaining a culture with the domain of gram-negatives cocci, average diameter of 1,8 mm, nonspore-forming and desulfoviridin positive. These cells were identified as Desulfococcus multivorans through the use of ribosomal 16S DNA sequencing technique. This biomass was submitted to physiological tests aiming to characterize the growth with different electron acceptors and organic substrates. It was possible to verify that in the conditions where cocci took place, the consumption of carbon sources were better when the electron accepting sources possessed sulfur. In the third experimental phase essays with culture purified, the reactors were submitted to the following concentrations of benzoate and sulfate: relation (0.3), with 600.0 mg/L and 2000.0 mg/L; relation (0.6) with 606 mg/L and 1000 mg/L; relation (1.2), with 600 mg/L and 500 mg/L; relation (1.8), with 910 mg/L and 500 mg/L, respectively. After 13 days of operation, benzoate removal and sulfate utilization values were equal to: 99% and 61.2% (0.3), 99% and 100% (0.6), 99% and 100% (1.2) and 50% and 100% (1.8), respectively. The specific growth rate (&#956) and the generation time (Tg) of culture, were equal to: 0.010 h-1 and 66.4 hours for relation 0.6 and 0.011 h-1 and 66.1 hours for relation 0.3, respectively.
2

Isolamento e caracterização de bactéria redutora de sulfato: ênfase na degradação de benzoato / Isolation and characterization of sulfate-reducing bacteria: emphasis in the benzoate use

Sidnei Pereira da Silva 16 September 2004 (has links)
Este trabalho foi realizado com a finalidade de avaliar a degradação anaeróbia de benzoato por bactérias redutoras de sulfato (BRS). A primeira fase experimental avaliou essa degradação utilizando como inóculo biomassa de reator anaeróbio horizontal de leito fixo (RAHLF) utilizado no tratamento de água residuária de indústria de peróxidos orgânicos. Os ensaios foram realizados em reatores em batelada mantidos em temperatura de 33ºC ±1 e agitação de 150 rpm. Os reatores foram alimentados com meio para BRS e diferentes concentrações de benzoato e sulfato, estabelecendo as seguintes relações: 0,9 (890 mg/L e 970 mg/L), 0,8 (660 mg/L e 870 mg/L) e 0,6 (242 mg/L e 400 mg/L). Após 13 dias verificou-se valores de remoção do benzoato e utilização do sulfato iguais a: (0,9) 71,2% e 98%, (0,7) 97% e 99,9% e (0,6) 91,3% e 15%, respectivamente. Os exames microscópicos revelaram o predomínio de BRS. Na segunda fase experimental foi realizada a purificação celular, utilizando-se técnica de diluição seriada em meio líquido, obtendo-se cultura com predomínio de cocos, gram-negativos, diâmetro médio de 1,8 mm, não formadores de esporos e desulfoviridina positiva. Sendo identificadas como Desulfococcus multivorans através de seqüenciamento do DNAr 16S. As células foram submetidas a testes fisiológicos visando caracterizar o crescimento com diferentes aceptores de elétrons e substratos orgânicos. Nas condições em que predominaram cocos o consumo das fontes de carbono foram melhores quando as fontes aceptoras de elétron eram possuidoras de enxofre. Na terceira fase experimental foram realizados ensaios com a cultura purificada em reatores anaeróbios em batelada submetidos as seguintes concentrações de benzoato e sulfato estabelecendo relações de: (0,3) 600 mg/L e 2000 mg/L; (0,6) 606 mg/L e 1000 mg/L; (1,2) 600 mg/L e 500 mg/L; (1,8) 910 mg/L e 500 mg/L, respectivamente. Após, 13 dias de operação, verificou-se valores de remoção do benzoato e utilização do sulfato, iguais a: 99% e 61,2% (0,3), 99% e 100% (0,6), 99% e 100% (1,2) e 50% e 100% (1,8), respectivamente. A velocidade de crescimento (&#956) e o tempo de geração (Tg) foram respectivamente: 0,010 h-1 e 66,4 horas, para relação 0,6 e 0,011 h-1 e 66,1 horas, para a relação 0,3. / This work was carried out aiming to assess benzoate anaerobic degradation by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). The first experimental phase consisted of assessing this degradation using biomass provided from a horizontal anaerobic immobilized bed reactor (HAIB) applied in the treatment of wastewater from an organic peroxide industry. The essays were carried out in batch reactors kept under 33ºC ±1 of temperature and 150 rpm of agitation. The reactors were fed with a specific culture medium for SRB and also with different concentrations of benzoate and sulfate, establishing the following relations: 0.9 (890 mg/L and 970 mg/L), 0.8 (680 mg/L and 870 mg/L) and 0.6 (242 mg/L and 400 mg/L), respectively. After 13 days of operation, benzoate removal and sulfate utilization efficiency values equal to: (0.9) 71.2% and 98%, (0.8) 97% and 99.9% and (0.6) 91.3% and 15%, respectively, were verified. The microscopic exams revealed the domain of SRB. In the second experimental phase cellular purification was carried out using the serial dilution technique in liquid medium, obtaining a culture with the domain of gram-negatives cocci, average diameter of 1,8 mm, nonspore-forming and desulfoviridin positive. These cells were identified as Desulfococcus multivorans through the use of ribosomal 16S DNA sequencing technique. This biomass was submitted to physiological tests aiming to characterize the growth with different electron acceptors and organic substrates. It was possible to verify that in the conditions where cocci took place, the consumption of carbon sources were better when the electron accepting sources possessed sulfur. In the third experimental phase essays with culture purified, the reactors were submitted to the following concentrations of benzoate and sulfate: relation (0.3), with 600.0 mg/L and 2000.0 mg/L; relation (0.6) with 606 mg/L and 1000 mg/L; relation (1.2), with 600 mg/L and 500 mg/L; relation (1.8), with 910 mg/L and 500 mg/L, respectively. After 13 days of operation, benzoate removal and sulfate utilization values were equal to: 99% and 61.2% (0.3), 99% and 100% (0.6), 99% and 100% (1.2) and 50% and 100% (1.8), respectively. The specific growth rate (&#956) and the generation time (Tg) of culture, were equal to: 0.010 h-1 and 66.4 hours for relation 0.6 and 0.011 h-1 and 66.1 hours for relation 0.3, respectively.
3

Détection et identification de sélénoprotéines par électrophorèse sur gel associée aux spectrométries de masse atomique et moléculaire

Ballihaut, Guillaume 07 December 2007 (has links) (PDF)
Le sélénium est un élément trace connu pour son caractère essentiel au développement de nombreux organismes vivants mais également pour ses effets bénéfiques sur la santé humaine. Les recherches effectuées ces cinq dernières années ont renforcé l'idée que ces propriétés seraient dues à la synthèse de sélénoprotéines chez les êtres vivants. Les méthodes classiques d'analyse protéomique ne sont pas adaptées à l'identification ciblée de ces sélénoprotéines très minoritaires. Les travaux de cette thèse ont consisté à développer des méthodes complémentaires plus spécifiques et sensibles en vue de leur détection et de leur identification. Un étalon protéique sélénié stable a été produit pour développer ces méthodes. Le couplage de l'ablation laser et de la spectrométrie de masse couplée à un plasma induit (LA-ICP-MS) a été mis en oeuvre pour la détection des sélénoprotéines après une séparation par électrophorèse sur gel de polyacrylamide (PAGE). Le dispositif d'ablation laser conventionnel a ici été amélioré avec un laser femtoseconde à balayage très rapide permettant une détection plus sensible des sélénoprotéines dans les échantillons biologiques. Une fois détectées, les sélénoprotéines ont été identifiées en spectrométrie de masse moléculaire. Pour cela les sélénopeptides issus de la digestion enzymatique des sélénoprotéines sont d'abord repérés en nanochromatographie couplée à l'ICP-MS puis séquencés en nanochromatographie couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem à ionisation électrospray (nanoHPLC-ESI-MS/MS). La procédure en LA-ICP-MS développée a notamment permis la détection de nouvelles sélénoprotéines chez la bactérie Desulfococcus multivorans. La procédure d'identification a été validée sur deux sélénoprotéines purifiées thiorédoxine réductase et glutathione peroxydase carboxyméthylée. La méthodologie développée contribuera à l'identification de nouvelles sélénoprotéines pour une meilleure compréhension des rôles physiologiques de ces molécules chez de nombreux êtres vivants.

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