vii, 318 leaves : tables ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Anthropology, 1980

Dans les années 1870, le système des boarding et residential schools (pensionnats hors réserve) fut implanté aux États-Unis et au Canada pour les populations indiennes. Ce système, instauré sur le modèle des écoles missionnaires, avait pour but de civiliser les Indiens par l’éducation et de les assimiler aux sociétés américaine et canadienne, proposant ainsi une solution au problème Indien. Ces pensionnats avaient un programme très particulier qui consistait à enseigner aux jeunes Indiens l’anglais, ainsi que la pratique de travaux manuels pour leur permettre, par la suite, de trouver un emploi et de s’intégrer à la société de leur pays. Ces instituts reposaient sur le fait que les jeunes Indiens pouvaient être civilisés et éduqués s’ils étaient emmenés loin de leur famille ainsi que de leur réserve (symboles de leurs traditions qu’ils devaient oublier afin d’être mieux assimilés). Il s’agira d’une part, de comparer ces deux systèmes et de dégager les facteurs motivant le système d’éducation (les enjeux économiques, politiques et institutionnels), tant du côté Indien que des gouvernements respectifs, et d’autre part, d’établir les bilans de l’assimilation par l’éducation. Contrairement à ce que beaucoup croient, les systèmes de pensionnats hors réserve n’eurent pas que des effets négatifs sur les populations indiennes. Parmi les aspects positifs se trouvent l’apparition du mouvement pan-indien depuis les années 1960 et la création de centres universitaires tribaux qui contribuent aujourd’hui à une retribalisation. Comment la transition des pensionnats aux centres universitaires tribaux s’est-elle faite et qu’implique-t-elle ? / The boarding and residential school systems were set up for the Indians in the 1870s in the United States and Canada. These systems based on the missionary education, were aimed at civilizing the Indians through education and assimilating them to the American and Canadian societies, thus offering a solution to the ever present “Indian problem”. These boarding schools had a very specific curriculum in which the young Indians were taught the English language as well manual training to allow them to find a job and to be integrated in the society of their country later on. These schools were based on the fact that the young Indians could be civilized and educated on the condition that they should be taken away from their family as well as their reservation (centers of their traditions they had to forget, to be assimilated faster). This dissertation will deal with the comparison of the two systems and help underlying the factors that have motivated these educational systems (the economic, political and institutional stakes), on the one hand, and on the other hand, with the consequences of the assimilation through education. Contrary to what most people think, the outcomes of the boarding school systems were not detrimental to Indians. Among the positive aspects one can find the emergence of pan-indianism, since the 1960s, and the creation of Tribal colleges which contribute today to a retribalization. How was the transition from boarding schools to tribal colleges made and what does it imply?

Since the 1950s modernization theory predicted within the Third World a trajectory for social evolution and development mirroring perceived social and developmental evolution in Western societies since the 17th Century. Despite this theory being much discredited in both Western societies and the developing world; this theory still forms the basis for much analysis and policy formulation within post-1990 South Africa. This thesis looks at various aspects of urban black South Africans' existence and concludes that African tradition has found a place within an urban existence due to it's flexibility in dealing with peoples' daily challenges. An urban existence can thus no-longer be thought of as supplanting tradition in favour of western influences, but rather as bringing about a mixture of western and traditional influences - with positive and negative theoretical and practical developmental consequences / Development Studies / M.A.

Since the 1950s modernization theory predicted within the Third World a trajectory for social evolution and development mirroring perceived social and developmental evolution in Western societies since the 17th Century. Despite this theory being much discredited in both Western societies and the developing world; this theory still forms the basis for much analysis and policy formulation within post-1990 South Africa. This thesis looks at various aspects of urban black South Africans' existence and concludes that African tradition has found a place within an urban existence due to it's flexibility in dealing with peoples' daily challenges. An urban existence can thus no-longer be thought of as supplanting tradition in favour of western influences, but rather as bringing about a mixture of western and traditional influences - with positive and negative theoretical and practical developmental consequences / Development Studies / M.A.