Thesis (M. Ed. (Education))--Rhodes University, 2006. / Half-thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Education (Environmental Education).

Le tourisme constitue un poids significatif pour la Tunisie. Ses impacts économiques sur le pays sont considérables (6% du PIB et plus de 386 000 emplois directs et indirects en 2009). Cependant aujourd’hui, ce secteur touristique fait face à de nombreuses difficultés. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une politique de relance du tourisme en Tunisie. Elle est structurée en deux parties. Dans la première, le diagnostic du tourisme tunisien montre que le secteur souffre à deux niveaux : stratégique (la gestion du secteur est laissée au privé sans intervention de l’Etat, ce qui donne lieu à une faible rentabilité de certains hôtels, un fort endettement à cause de la pratique de prix « moins cher » et l’esprit de l’ « affaire familiale ») et qualitatif (l’épuisement du modèle fordiste). La thèse expose les limites d’un fordisme quantitativiste, puis démontre qu’une nouvelle lecture de marché touristique est nécessaire pour réaliser une performance économique durable. Dans cette perspective, la mise en œuvre d’une évaluation économique et environnementale s’impose. Dans la deuxième partie, à partir d’un territoire précis (île de Djerba), il s’agit de réfléchir à des nouvelles trajectoires. Le travail suppose la construction d’indicateurs pertinents de performance économique et environnementale en vue d’améliorer la qualité des méthodologies d’évaluation de la rentabilité du secteur touristique. Au niveau économique, l’étude propose une nouvelle méthode permettant d’apprécier l’impact économique du tourisme sur l’île de Djerba. Cette méthode appelée « méthode de masses », s’inspire de la théorie de la croissance ou du développement. Elle nécessite la détermination des activités directes, indirectes et induites. Les indicateurs mesurés sont : la Valeur Ajoutée (VA), l’Excédent Brut d’Exploitation (EBE) et l’Emploi (E). Les résultats obtenus montrent que les activités directes les plus génératrices de richesse et d’emplois sont l’hôtellerie dans un contexte de tourisme de masse. Pour les activités indirectes, il s’agit de la consommation des produits agroalimentaires, des produits agricoles et de la pêche. La méthode proposée permet de reconstruire une image de la place du tourisme conforme à la structure observée de l’économie locale. Le résultat remet en cause les coefficients multiplicateurs proposés dans les travaux antérieurs. Ces résultats peuvent constituer une base de réflexion pour le décideur politique relativement aux projets de développement touristique futurs. Au niveau de l’évaluation de l’état de lieux de l’environnement, elle permet au tourisme djerbien de défendre son avenir. Cette évaluation porte aussi sur la dimension environnementale et propose une analyse des instruments réglementaires mis en place à Djerba ainsi que la possibilité d’intégrer les nouveaux instruments proposés par l’Organisation Mondiale du Tourisme dont l’objectif est la recherche d’un développement durable de l’activité touristique qui ne mettre pas en péril la richesse naturelle de l’île. / Tourism is a significant resource for Tunisia. Its economic impacts on the country are considerable (6% of GDP and over 386 000 direct and indirect jobs in 2009). But today, the tourism sector is facing many difficulties. This thesis is part of a plan to boost tourism in Tunisia. It is structured in two parts. The first diagnosis of the Tunisian tourism sector shows that it suffers on two levels: strategic (management is left to the private sector without government intervention, which leads to low profitability of some hotels, a high debt because of the pricing practice and the family business model) and qualitative (over-reliance on the Fordist model). The thesis discusses the limitations of Fordism quantitative, and demonstrates that a new reading of the tourism market is needed to achieve sustainable economic performance. From this perspective, the implementation of economic and environmental assessments is required. In the second part on the thesis, envisions a new trajectory for a specific territory (Djerba Island), it is to think of new trajectories. The work demands the search of relevant indicators of economic and environmental quality in order to assess the best methodologies to improve the assessment of the profitability of the tourism sector. Economically, the study proposes a new method for assessing the economic impact of tourism on the island of Djerba. This method called "method of the masses", builds on the theory of growth or development. It requires the determination of direct, indirect and induced activities. The indicators measured are: Value Added (VA), Earnings Before Interests, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA) and Employment (E). The results show that the most direct activities that generate wealth and jobs are hotels. For indirect activities, it is the consumption of food products, agricultural products and fisheries. These results may provide a basis upon which for policy-makers may evaluate future tourism development projects. In terms of assessing the importance of the environment, it allows the Djerbian tourism to defend its future. This evaluation will also examine the environmental dimension and provides an analysis of regulatory instruments in place in Djerba and seeks to integrate new instruments proposed by the World Tourism Organization which objective is to search for sustainable development of tourism activity to conserve the natural wealth of the island.

This thesis explores the opportunities, challenges, and initiatives for coffee tourism in the context of Ethiopia. My research addresses five themes to achieve its research aims, which are as follows: arriving at prospective coffee tourism frameworks; addressing the reasons behind the underdevelopment of coffee tourism in Ethiopia; highlighting coffee tourism’s opportunities and challenges in Ethiopia; identifying potential coffee tourists, and; initiating coffee tourism through local collaborations. The core research methodologies are: fieldwork in Ethiopia involving a series of interviews with key stakeholders and a detailed case study of one potential coffee tourism region; digital ethnography, and; knowledge transfer activities enabled by several conceptual approaches such as development in Africa, power relations, reformed orientalism, situated knowledge, self-other, emotional geographies, and participatory geographies. Through this research, I found that coffee tourism cannot simply be a combination of coffee and tourism; coffee tourism needs to be understood through various contexts in addition to that of tourism; coffee tourism can be a more practical tourism form and a new coffee marketing vehicle in Ethiopia, and; coffee tourism potentially brings more advantages to the coffee industry in coffee bean exporting countries with current sustainable coffee initiatives such as fair trade or other coffee certification projects. Coffee tourism is not widely discussed in academia, and I argue that this research addresses several gaps in the literature: suggestions for coffee tourism frameworks, coffee tourism research in the context of Ethiopia, coffee tourism research beyond simple analysis in terms of the tourism or coffee industries, and a new illumination on Ethiopian culture, tourism, and coffee culture. Raising the topic of South Korea’s impact in Ethiopia as well as the East Asian role in coffee tourism is also an important contribution to academia. During my PhD tenure, I found a potential global partnership between coffee bean exporting countries and coffee bean importing countries through coffee. Ethiopia is an ideal place for coffee tourism, and it is my hope that coffee tourism could present an approach that brings to light Ethiopia's cultural wealth.

The thesis is about environmental values that we encounter in our everyday life. The thesis also talks about environmental justice dialogues and tensions that play in Bangladesh. The thesis, in the first place, explores how an environmental planning and resource management approach causes a particular type of environmental injustice; i.e., non-recognition of access to the decision making process of local ethnic communities, which identifies them as adivasi meaning indigenous, poses a threat to their livelihood and culture, and obstructs the process of environmental protection in Bangladesh. / The existing theories of environmental justice and four case studies conducted in Bangladesh have been used to interrogate the research findings. I argue, along with Low and Gleeson (1998) that for environmental justice, recognition of environmental needs for every entity as an ingredient of human dignity should be basis of the planning process. The research findings also suggest that , at all levels of decisions, fair access to decision, information and justice for all entities should be an integral part of environmental planning and resource management. / The thesis explores avenues for fair access to justice, meaning redress and remedy of environmental injustice, in the context of Bangladesh. I argue that capillaries of justice such as Salish, a process and institution for public interest negotiation (PIN) embedded in Bangladesh culture, can be reinvented. In addition, access to information should be a prerequisite for meaningful deliberation at all levels of decision making and dispute resolving processes.

The aims of thesis were analyze supply and demand of tourism and to complete the products for selected segment of visitors and to suggest possibilities of communcation and cooperation cultural facilities and sector of tourism in the region of Třebíč. The thesis includes several parts. The first part is a theoretical part, which provides basic theoretical information. Another part contains an analysis of tourism offer in the region of Třebíč. In the next part of thesis was performed marketing research of cultural facilities in the region of Třebíč. Another tree SWOT analyses were performed. This information led to the development process of tourism in the region of Třebíč.

The main target of this diploma thesis is to confirm the hypothesis that the project "Ski resort Lipno regional winter sport centre" has an unquestionable and a region wide impact on social and economical development of the municipality Lipno nad Vltavou as well as on the whole micro region Lipensko. Within the assessment of social and economical costs and benefits and based on a set of methods used to evaluate projects of ROP NUTS II Southwest which was also a financial source of this project, it was possible to prove the existence of significant and positive impacts on social and economical development of both municipality Lipno nad Vltavou and the whole micro region Lipensko (new jobs, increase revenue of other tourism subjects in this area etc.). Total social and economic effect of the investment is financially positive. It was confirmed by means of the cost- benefit analysis. Present value (PV) is 330 million CZK, net present value (NPV) of the project is about 133 million CZK. Economic rate of return (ERR) reached 11.47 %, profitability index (NPV/I) reached 0.67 CZK net discounted profit per 1 CZK invested in 8 year payback. All these values are positive and it is possible to state that this project has a great value added and it brings good societal benefits.

The aim of the thesis was to evaluate primary and secondary potential of the development of tourism in the destination Hluboká nad Vltavou and to propose, based on performed analyses, possibilities of strategic development of tourism along with defining priorities and proceedings. The theoretical part of the thesis introduces the problem. The analysis that followed was made with the help of marketing research. These were the basis for SWOT analyses with the definition of strong and weak points. The problem analysis then described the main problems and barriers of the monitored area.

The aim of this thesis called The Possibilities of Strategic Development of Tourism in the Region of Písek was to evaluate primary and secondary development potential of tourism in the chosen area and on the basis of this analysis to propose the possibilities of strategic development of tourism along with stating priorities and proceedings. The theoretical part of the thesis introduces the problem. The analysis that followed was made with the help of marketing research. These were the basis for SWOT analyses with the definition of strong and weak points. The problem analysis then described the main problems and barriers of the monitored area.