Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:27:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianaVV.pdf: 776005 bytes, checksum: 356d1e3de58a55989446fac004ce7c2e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-19 / The state s evolution, after its liberal and the social stages, arrives at the post-social state, also regarded as regulatory state, which, in order to accomplish the state s aims, employs indirect interventions in the economy. The new model of administration adapts principles and concepts form the private sector such as the quest for efficience and tangible results, also striving for the decentralization of state s power to improve effectiveness before the new paradigm of handling of affairs of public interest. Present state derives its legitimacy from the efficiency principle, the legitimacy of the public administration cannot be limited to an analysis of legality, but the fulfillment of the ends envisaged by the public authority on its policies. These public policies have the objective of satisfying fundamental rights of the citizens. The access to public policies set by states as a way of enjoyment of the aforementioned rights constitute a legal and demandable path of development. The creation of public policies and the access to them must abide to the efficiency principle. This access must be taken unther the principles of legal and material equality, inasmuch as the liberty and real liberty. The access must also be observed as a matter of limited resources to grant, in reality, the access and enjoyment of these rights. The demandable nature of the access to public policies binds the public authority into broadening the range of these policies to every one who needs them. Thus, in this spectrum, the role of the Regulatory State, as the legal instruments for access of public policies as a legal path to development, is analyzed in the present work / A evolu??o do Estado, passando pelo modelo liberal, o modelo social, chega ao modelo de Estado p?s-social, ou regulador, que para alcan?ar as finalidades estatais, utiliza uma forma de atua??o indireta na economia. O modelo de administra??o gerencial se utiliza de princ?pios e instrumentos trazidos do setor privado como o ideal de efici?ncia e a busca por resultados, e pretende tamb?m descentralizar o poder estatal para torn?-lo mais eficaz diante da nova forma de lidar com o interesse p?blico. O estado atual tem sua legitima??o atrav?s do princ?pio da efici?ncia, o par?metro para aferir legitimidade ao poder p?blico n?o ? mais somente a legalidade, mas a obten??o de resultados das pol?ticas p?blicas que o poder p?blico efetiva. Essas pol?ticas p?blicas possuem a finalidade de fornecer para a popula??o direitos fundamentais de presta??o. O acesso as pol?ticas p?blicas criadas pelo Estado como meio de frui??o dos direitos prestacionais se configuram como a forma jur?dica e exig?vel de desenvolvimento. A cria??o de pol?ticas e seu acesso devem observar o princ?pio da efici?ncia. Este acesso deve ser analisado sobre os princ?pios da igualdade, material e formal, e o princ?pio da liberdade e da liberdade real. O acesso e a cria??o de pol?ticas p?blicas devem ser analisados dentro de um par?metro de limites de recursos a esses direitos, para conseguir ponderar, dentro da realidade, a liberdade de acesso e o direito de acesso universal a estes direitos. O acesso ?s pol?ticas p?blicas, considerados como direito com exigibilidade vincula o poder p?blico que deve atuar para estender seu acesso a todos que necessitam dessas pol?ticas. Desta forma ? analisado o papel do Estado Regulador e da Administra??o Gerencial e os instrumentos administrativos dispon?veis para o acesso ?s pol?ticas p?blicas como meio jur?dico do desenvolvimento

Cette thèse étudie la conception et l’évolution du régime de régulation de la sûreté nucléaire en France entre 1945 et 2017. En nous appuyant sur le concept de régime de régulation (Hood et al, 2001), nous avons proposé une modélisation qui permet d’identifier trois périodes, correspondant à trois « philosophies » : la première (19451969) voit la formation d’un embryon de régime de régulation au sein du CEA marqué par « l’expérimentation et l’autocontrôle ». La seconde, la « raisonnable souplesse » (19691986), est marquée par une réorganisation institutionnelle mais laisse de nombreuses marges de manœuvre aux experts et exploitants, dans un contexte de développement industriel intensif. Enfin, la troisième période (1986-2017) voit le développement d’un régime « en recherche d’auditabilité », produit d’une hybridation entre le régime de la « raisonnable souplesse » et un idéaltype standardisé répondant aux bonnes pratiques internationales (ouverture, transparence et indépendance du régulateur et de l’expert). Pour expliquer les évolutions du régime, nous nous sommes focalisés sur une de ses composantes, les règles, analysées comme des instruments de régulation, et avons qualifié de « travail de régulation », l’ensemble des activités et interactions d’un groupe d’acteurs qui agissent pour concevoir, transformer et implémenter ces instruments (pour notre cas, les règles et guides en matière d’inondation). Nous défendons l’idée que ce travail de régulation, à la fois cognitif, politique, social et organisationnel, a pour effet, au-delà de la production d’un instrument, d’explorer des évolutions du régime de régulation, tout en construisant les savoirs mobilisés dans les instruments de régulation, et simultanément, le collectif interorganisationnel qui les partage. Ce processus expliquerait la relative lenteur du processus d’hybridation en cours. / This thesis studies the design and evolution of the risk regulation regime of nuclear safety in France between 1945 and 2017. Based on the concept of “risk regulation regimes” (Hood et al, 2001), we propose a model that identifies three periods, corresponding to three types of "philosophies". During the first period (1945-1969), an embryonic regulatory regime developed within CEA is characterized by "experimentation and autocontrol". The second period of "reasonable flexibility" (1969-1986) is marked by an institutional reorganization but leaves many room for maneuver to experts and operators, in a context of intensive industrial development. Finally, during the third period (1986-2017), a regime "in search of auditability" is the product of hybridization between the regime of "reasonable flexibility" and a standardized regime responding to international good practice (openness, transparency, and regulator’s and expert’s independence). To explain the evolution of the regime, we focus on one of its components, the rules, which we analyze as regulatory instruments, and we describe as "regulatory work" all activities and interactions of a group of agents who act to design, transform and implement these instruments (for our case, flooding rules and guides). We argue that regulatory work is at the same time cognitive, political, social and organizational, and, beyond producing an instrument, it results in exploring evolutions of the regulation regime, while building both the knowledge mobilized in regulatory instruments and interorganizational collective that shares them. This process would explain the relative slowness of the ongoing hybridization process.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Francisco Tavares da Silva Junior.pdf: 1186969 bytes, checksum: f36c6bb04a5da5da8a0ab6739b4c039b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-27 / The purpose of this work is to treat environmental public policy from a complex vision of its interactions, about the subjects involved and the diversity of interests that they lead to the discussion of environmental issues, as well as of the institutional arrangements regarding the instruments of public action. It also puts in discussion on some regulatory instruments rather than command-and-control approach, proposing a combination of these models in the implementation of environmental public policies. From this point, it searches the practical exam of a public environmental policy, the management of contaminated areas, in a critical analysis of its organisation and implementation, restricting the analytical spectrum in the State of São Paulo in Brazil / O propósito deste trabalho é tratar sobre as políticas públicas ambientais a partir de uma visão complexa das suas interações, dos sujeitos envolvidos e da diversidade de interesses que eles levam à discussão das questões ambientais, assim como dos arranjos institucionais inerentes aos instrumentos de ação pública. Procede-se também a discussão sobre alguns instrumentos regulatórios diversos da abordagem de comando e controle, propondo uma conjugação desses modelos na implementação das políticas públicas ambientais. Disto, busca-se o exame prático de uma política pública ambiental, o gerenciamento de áreas contaminadas, numa análise crítica de sua organização e implementação, restringindo-se o espectro analítico ao Estado de São Paulo

The South African coastal and marine environment is an essential ecologic and economic asset. Its associated services and products are substantially contributing to economic growth and sustainable development of the country. However, it is internationally and nationally recognised that land-based marine pollution (LBMP) is the most important single risk to the health and sustainability of coastal and marine waters and the associated ecosystems. The regulation of LBMP at the national level is still difficult and challenging. The issue of LBMP management has only recently been introduced in South Africa with the development of the National Programme of Action to Protect Marine Environment from Land-based Activities, 2008. South Africa is only starting to consider the question of LBMP regulation. This thesis aims to conduct a critical analysis of the South African regulatory framework pertaining to LBMP in comparison to international best practice and the French regulatory framework, in order to identify the key South African challenges in this regard and to make recommendations to address them. In order to do so, this research commences by providing an analysis of LBMP and the theoretical foundations associated with LBMP regulation, as promoted by international best practice. The study identifies and assesses the main regulatory features to be considered in the development, implementation and/or assessment of a regulatory framework pertaining to LBMP. These features will form the methodological framework to conduct the comparative legal assessment between the French and South African regulatory frameworks pertaining to LBMP. This thesis then provides a detailed and thorough legal analysis of the French and South African regulatory frameworks pertaining to LBMP using the methodological framework developed using guidance from international best practice. Finally, based on lessons learnt from the comparative legal study, this study concludes with a set of recommendations for the South African context. / Thesis (LL.D.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The South African coastal and marine environment is an essential ecologic and economic asset. Its associated services and products are substantially contributing to economic growth and sustainable development of the country. However, it is internationally and nationally recognised that land-based marine pollution (LBMP) is the most important single risk to the health and sustainability of coastal and marine waters and the associated ecosystems. The regulation of LBMP at the national level is still difficult and challenging. The issue of LBMP management has only recently been introduced in South Africa with the development of the National Programme of Action to Protect Marine Environment from Land-based Activities, 2008. South Africa is only starting to consider the question of LBMP regulation. This thesis aims to conduct a critical analysis of the South African regulatory framework pertaining to LBMP in comparison to international best practice and the French regulatory framework, in order to identify the key South African challenges in this regard and to make recommendations to address them. In order to do so, this research commences by providing an analysis of LBMP and the theoretical foundations associated with LBMP regulation, as promoted by international best practice. The study identifies and assesses the main regulatory features to be considered in the development, implementation and/or assessment of a regulatory framework pertaining to LBMP. These features will form the methodological framework to conduct the comparative legal assessment between the French and South African regulatory frameworks pertaining to LBMP. This thesis then provides a detailed and thorough legal analysis of the French and South African regulatory frameworks pertaining to LBMP using the methodological framework developed using guidance from international best practice. Finally, based on lessons learnt from the comparative legal study, this study concludes with a set of recommendations for the South African context. / Thesis (LL.D.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Le tourisme constitue un poids significatif pour la Tunisie. Ses impacts économiques sur le pays sont considérables (6% du PIB et plus de 386 000 emplois directs et indirects en 2009). Cependant aujourd’hui, ce secteur touristique fait face à de nombreuses difficultés. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une politique de relance du tourisme en Tunisie. Elle est structurée en deux parties. Dans la première, le diagnostic du tourisme tunisien montre que le secteur souffre à deux niveaux : stratégique (la gestion du secteur est laissée au privé sans intervention de l’Etat, ce qui donne lieu à une faible rentabilité de certains hôtels, un fort endettement à cause de la pratique de prix « moins cher » et l’esprit de l’ « affaire familiale ») et qualitatif (l’épuisement du modèle fordiste). La thèse expose les limites d’un fordisme quantitativiste, puis démontre qu’une nouvelle lecture de marché touristique est nécessaire pour réaliser une performance économique durable. Dans cette perspective, la mise en œuvre d’une évaluation économique et environnementale s’impose. Dans la deuxième partie, à partir d’un territoire précis (île de Djerba), il s’agit de réfléchir à des nouvelles trajectoires. Le travail suppose la construction d’indicateurs pertinents de performance économique et environnementale en vue d’améliorer la qualité des méthodologies d’évaluation de la rentabilité du secteur touristique. Au niveau économique, l’étude propose une nouvelle méthode permettant d’apprécier l’impact économique du tourisme sur l’île de Djerba. Cette méthode appelée « méthode de masses », s’inspire de la théorie de la croissance ou du développement. Elle nécessite la détermination des activités directes, indirectes et induites. Les indicateurs mesurés sont : la Valeur Ajoutée (VA), l’Excédent Brut d’Exploitation (EBE) et l’Emploi (E). Les résultats obtenus montrent que les activités directes les plus génératrices de richesse et d’emplois sont l’hôtellerie dans un contexte de tourisme de masse. Pour les activités indirectes, il s’agit de la consommation des produits agroalimentaires, des produits agricoles et de la pêche. La méthode proposée permet de reconstruire une image de la place du tourisme conforme à la structure observée de l’économie locale. Le résultat remet en cause les coefficients multiplicateurs proposés dans les travaux antérieurs. Ces résultats peuvent constituer une base de réflexion pour le décideur politique relativement aux projets de développement touristique futurs. Au niveau de l’évaluation de l’état de lieux de l’environnement, elle permet au tourisme djerbien de défendre son avenir. Cette évaluation porte aussi sur la dimension environnementale et propose une analyse des instruments réglementaires mis en place à Djerba ainsi que la possibilité d’intégrer les nouveaux instruments proposés par l’Organisation Mondiale du Tourisme dont l’objectif est la recherche d’un développement durable de l’activité touristique qui ne mettre pas en péril la richesse naturelle de l’île. / Tourism is a significant resource for Tunisia. Its economic impacts on the country are considerable (6% of GDP and over 386 000 direct and indirect jobs in 2009). But today, the tourism sector is facing many difficulties. This thesis is part of a plan to boost tourism in Tunisia. It is structured in two parts. The first diagnosis of the Tunisian tourism sector shows that it suffers on two levels: strategic (management is left to the private sector without government intervention, which leads to low profitability of some hotels, a high debt because of the pricing practice and the family business model) and qualitative (over-reliance on the Fordist model). The thesis discusses the limitations of Fordism quantitative, and demonstrates that a new reading of the tourism market is needed to achieve sustainable economic performance. From this perspective, the implementation of economic and environmental assessments is required. In the second part on the thesis, envisions a new trajectory for a specific territory (Djerba Island), it is to think of new trajectories. The work demands the search of relevant indicators of economic and environmental quality in order to assess the best methodologies to improve the assessment of the profitability of the tourism sector. Economically, the study proposes a new method for assessing the economic impact of tourism on the island of Djerba. This method called "method of the masses", builds on the theory of growth or development. It requires the determination of direct, indirect and induced activities. The indicators measured are: Value Added (VA), Earnings Before Interests, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA) and Employment (E). The results show that the most direct activities that generate wealth and jobs are hotels. For indirect activities, it is the consumption of food products, agricultural products and fisheries. These results may provide a basis upon which for policy-makers may evaluate future tourism development projects. In terms of assessing the importance of the environment, it allows the Djerbian tourism to defend its future. This evaluation will also examine the environmental dimension and provides an analysis of regulatory instruments in place in Djerba and seeks to integrate new instruments proposed by the World Tourism Organization which objective is to search for sustainable development of tourism activity to conserve the natural wealth of the island.

p. 1-290 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-30T20:35:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 3333333333333333.pdf: 2022341 bytes, checksum: 509258a28eae8740edd814fa04c095a7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva(mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-05-04T17:41:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 3333333333333333.pdf: 2022341 bytes, checksum: 509258a28eae8740edd814fa04c095a7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-04T17:41:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3333333333333333.pdf: 2022341 bytes, checksum: 509258a28eae8740edd814fa04c095a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Este estudo analisa a regulação sanitária de equipamentos eletromédicos no Brasil e no Reino Unido. Busca identificar e analisar as semelhanças e diferenças entre os dois regimes e discutir em que medida eles protegem a saúde da população dos riscos decorrentes desses equipamentos. Optou-se por realizar pesquisa qualitativa exploratória com coleta de dados através de entrevistas, observação participante e análise de documentos, tomando-se bombas de infusão como equipamentos traçadores. Utilizando-se a Teoria dos Grupos de Interesse e a abordagem cibernética, é possível concluir que ambos os regimes estão implantados sob o modelo corporatista bipartite, priorizando a participação apenas de dois grupos de interesse, reguladores e aqueles representantes do segmento regulado. Apesar de terem legislação diferente, quanto à organização, o funcionamento deles se dá de modo fragmentado, implicando ocorrência de falhas regulatórias dos tipos captura e atenuação da ação regulatória. Têm estruturados de modo diferente os instrumentos regulatórios, controle sobre a entrada de empreendimentos no mercado, certificação de conformidade, revisão de pré-comercialização, tecnovigilância, mas guardam certa semelhança, no que diz respeito ao elemento central da ação regulatória - o equipamento em si, e não o paciente. Não utilizam os instrumentos regulatórios de forma balanceada, parecendo dar prioridade às atividades que geram recursos orçamentários para o órgão regulador e evitam conflito com o segmento regulado. Como conseqüência, aparenta que a regulação sanitária de equipamentos eletromédicos no Brasil e no Reino Unido ainda está distante de atender às necessidades de proteção da saúde da população. Para que esse objetivo seja alcançado, faz-se necessário investir em medidas educativas, esclarecendo a população sobre os riscos desses produtos e fomentando sua participação na organização do regime de regulação de risco à saúde. / Salvador