This thesis critically examines the role of indigeneity in urban policies and planning in a context of constitutional changes that have taken place in Bolivia and Ecuador in the recent decade. It departs from previous academic and policy research which mainly studied indigenous rights in rural areas and focused on urban indigenous peoples as outlawed, excluded, or insurgent subjects. Instead, it conceptualises the translation of indigenous rights into urban policies as a complex process in which a multiplicity of social actors – including government officials and urban indigenous groups – are involved. Drawing on the practice-centric literature on urban policy and planning, it recognises that the work of government officials is influenced by multiple factors such as constitutional texts as well as their personal views, interest group demands, and the wider structural and political environment surrounding them. Government attempts to translate indigenous rights are contrasted to urban indigenous peoples’ own understandings of indigeneity and associated interests and demands. In addition, this thesis uses an asset accumulation framework as well as the concept of tactics to identify how urban indigenous peoples address and negotiate their interests and demands and try to influence decision-making processes from the bottom-up. The thesis relies on La Paz (Bolivia) and Quito (Ecuador) as ‘illustrative cases’ to study the role of indigeneity in urban policies. As both La Paz and Quito represent capital cities, it was possible to approach government officials operating at multiple scales – international, national and local – as well as ordinary urban indigenous residents. Methodologically, the thesis employs a qualitative, case study comparison and draws on information derived from semi-structured interviews, document analysis, participant observation and participatory focus groups conducted during eleven months of fieldwork. In terms of comparison, this thesis makes use of a variation-finding approach. By explaining variations between the cases through focusing on the unique processes and factors that shaped the translation of indigenous rights within each city, it intends to offer a more nuanced and context-responsive approach for studying urban indigeneity and addressing indigenous rights in cities. A central finding of this thesis is that the incorporation of indigeneity into urban policies and indigenous people’s own practices to fulfil their specific demands were characterised by a set of conflicting realities: First, for government officials the translation of indigenous rights into urban policies sometimes clashed with other priorities – such as addressing universal rights and interests of non-indigenous pressure groups – or with their own views of the city as a ‘white’, ‘western’, and ‘modern’ places. Second, urban indigenous peoples articulated multiple and contradictory identities. They mainly did this by voicing specific demands for land – an important asset which they associated with the preservation of a communal and traditional lifestyle but also with aspirations to lead a modern and capitalist life in the city. Third, the findings reveal that indigenous peoples – particularly their community leaders – had to enter in negotiations with governments to access different assets such as land, housing, or education. In these processes leaders manoeuvred between different worlds. They had to conform to political agendas and – particularly in the case of Bolivia – to official spatialized understandings of identity and rights which often conflicted with their own sense of being indigenous in the city.

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Thesis (PhD (Rural Development Planning))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development / unrestricted

The South African Government’s Demarcation process has ensured that the entire Country now have “City to City” municipal areas. This process has been put in place to ensure that basic services can now be provided to all the people of the Country. With the demarcation process the South African Government also introduced Integrated Development Planning (IDP). The IDP is a process through which municipalities prepare a strategic development plan, for a five-year period. The IDP is a product of the Integrated Development Planning process and a principle strategic planning instrument, which guides and describes all planning, budgeting, management and decision making in a municipality. / Dissertation (MSc (Project Management))--University of Pretoria, 2004. / Construction Economics / unrestricted

MPM / Oliver Tambo Institute of Governance and Policy Studies

Thesis (M.Dev.(Plannng and Management )) -- University of Limpopo, 2020 / The purpose of this study was to analyse the local perception of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of the mining companies on local community development in Fetakgomo-Tubatse Local Municipality, Limpopo, South Africa, adopting a qualitative research method. Interview transcripts and field notes represented the primary data from which thematic analyses, labelling and organising evidence in themes and categories as they emerged out of the data rather than being imposed on research participants prior to data collection and analysis. The findings revealed that mining companies are partially contributing to the development of the communities where they do their operations and their impact is minimal. Their CSR projects lack sustainability and are not primarily changing the lives of the people due to high levels of under-development, illiteracy levels, lack of skills, unemployment and structural abject poverty in their mining communities.

Thesis (M. Dev. (Development and Planning)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / The central emphasis of this study was to investigate the determinant of public participation in Integrated Development Planning (IDP) of Polokwane Local Municipality, Limpopo Province. To this culmination, precise working objectives were formulated as follows: to study the typologies and processes of public participation; to explore the roles of stakeholders in public participation; To examine the phases in Integrated Development Planning and to examine the levels of public participation in Integrated Development Planning. This dissertation studies the determinant of public participation in Integrated Development Planning. Douglas Huber (2008); Franks, Sharma, and Dayaratna (2004); Kimathi (2016) found that there is a positive relationship between public participation in the Integrated Development Planning locally and globally. From a South African perspective, the study shows that public participation is the strongest element for successful development planning. To operationalise this study, descriptive statistics were used to analyse data and data analysis was performed using inferential statistics mainly correlation and linear regression. The data collected from the Capricorn District Municipality Socio-Economic Impact Assessment Study of Integrated Development Planning (2012) was analysed using the 2013 Microsoft Excel Software for raw data and Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) to compute variables that represent the determinants of public participation in Integrated Development Planning into factors. The results of this study show that generally, there is a strong positive relationship with public participation in Integrated Development Planning in Polokwane Local Municipality with an average magnitude of 0.75 correlation. However, the most interesting discovery is that the economic factor is a determinant of public participation in Integrated Development Planning in Polokwane Local Municipality.

Magister Legum - LLM / This study focuses on the assessment of the Implementation of the Integrated Development Planning (lOP) process in Stellenbosch. The relevance of the study is to investigate whether the lOP process has delivered on the objectives of delivering effective and efficient service delivery to the communities who reside in the different towns within the municipal boundaries. The study will investigate against the policy implementation model of the 5-C Protocol plus communication whether service delivery has been conducted. The primary objective has been to generate and develop options for the improvement of the implementation of the lOP in Stellenbosch. The research not only set out to cover whether service delivery was taking place, but also whether the planning and development of the lOP was moving in the right direction. This could mean that the way the lOP was planned probably needed to be revisited. This scenario has been put to different stakeholders in the interviews to gain their perspectives.In order to make the assessment on the implementation of the lOP the study drew on the theoretical perspectives ascribed to the topic under investigation. The theory covered the areas of planning and different models for policy implementation. The 5-C Protocol (context, content, commitment, clients and coalitions, capacity) plus communication was used as the theoretical model to assess the implementation of the lOP in Stellenbosch. The 5 variables plus communication was adopted to assess whether the variables have been applied and accordingly an evaluation made about how the lOP implementation was conducted. Stellenbosch municipality was used as the case study to assess whether the lOP has been successfully implemented according to the 5-C Protocol plus communication and whether this can be used as a model for future reference by other municipalities. An investigation was conducted on how the municipality implemented the lOP; the fieldwork covered the context (political, social, economic and legal context), content (distributive, redistributive and regulatory use of resourcesO, capacity (tangible and intangible resources), clients and coalitions (stakeholder engagement through public and community participation) plus communication. The fieldwork during the study revealed a number of findings. This is discussed under the different variables of the 5-C Protocol. The variable of context has shown that the political scenario which plays itself out in the municipality has a substantial influence on the other contexts of economical, social and legal. The research found that the politics within the municipality has either stunted or contributed to the growth of especially the economical and social sectors within the Municipality in one or other respect. The content variable which focuses on distributive, redistributive and regulatory approaches by the Municipality has been found to be unrealised. The majority of the stakeholders which were engaged with felt that the distribution and redistribution of resources has not been achieved, especially to marginalised communities. Under the capacity variable (tangible and intangible resources) the study found that although the services to communities are continued to be supplied, there remains a specific lack of expertise and vacant posts within specific critical areas of service delivery. Coupled to this the Municipality did not adopt an approach of sourcing assistance from resident institutions and business in Stellenbosch which could assist in alleviating the situation. The clients and coalitions variable found that different stakeholders who were interviewed came from the politicians, officials and communities / NGO I business sectors. The perspectives from the stakeholders in the study have proven to be substantially diverse. In cases where the politicians and officials agreed over an issue the study found the community / NGO or business sector were at odds with this opinion. In other cases the communities would have an opinion while business or NGO's would not readily agree with that specific opinion. The study also found that the other variables (especially communication) played a significant role on the variable of clients and coalitions. The communication variable elicited a major response from the stakeholders from the marginalised communities. The study also found that there was little congruence in this variable (communication) between the officials and politicians on the one side and the other stakeholders on the other side. While the former felt that the Municipality was doing everything within its powers and available resources the communities especially felt that the approach and methodology were not effective and needed to be revisited

For least developing countries with large rural population living in severe poverty such as Ethiopia, access to modern and sustainable energy services is a real challenge. Dealing with the lack of modern energy services at local level and the needs for economic development at national level is a major challenge in the policy and decision making process. This particular study takes the case of Ethiopia to investigate the existing challenges and future prospects of mainstreaming sustainable energy access into the country’s development planning process, and the consequences for international development financiers, national policy makers, private actors and local energy planners and experts. The roles and approaches of various developmental agencies are reviewed based on the effectiveness and sustainability of cooperation models with governmental institutions. To this end, this study establishes an understanding of institutional, financial and policy elements related to both state and non-state actors. Accordingly, readiness of the rural energy sector to adopt sector–perspective and national development approaches to mainstream sustainable energy access is investigated. The thesis emphasizes the need for all stakeholders to cooperate and take advantage of local potentials and external opportunities in light of the new momentum for sustainable energy access in the global agenda.

Why should a legal scholar be interested in development plans? The present work begins and evolves with such question in mind. In order to provide an answer, the research focuses on certain major epiphanies of modern development planning and tries to isolate their legal characters. Therefore, the first issue to be addressed is the identification of “legal models” of development planning. The legal nature and legal effects of planning acts is still not clear and moves along fuzzy borders between traditional categories of mid-twentieth century planning (socialist and nonsocialist) and modern soft law planning documents and guidelines. In the first place, the research will try to assess the notion of planning in a legal perspective as well as the legal features of the planning acts/planning norms. The objective of this phase is to decide whether or not, and to which extent, socio-economic development planning may be thought of legally. In order to do so, I will carry out an analysis from the perspective of legal anthropology. In the second place, the research will focus on the definition of the legal features of modern development planning in the People’s Republic of China, through the analysis of the relevant legal formants, with the purpose of determining whether or not the identification of a Chinese “development planning law” is logically feasible. In the third place, I will question and verify the existence of development planning acts and norms in European Law. The purpose of the phase is on one hand to reconstruct and define the legal value of the regulatory framework for the functioning of European development policies. On the other hand, at this stage certain categories and practical solutions verified on the “Chinese front” may be applied to the European context. In the fourth place, i.e. in the conclusive chapter, I will try to draw some results of the comparative analysis carried out, as well as to trace an evolutionary pattern, determining how legal models of development planning affect, on a global scale, the changes in the role of the state in its relationship with the market.

Urban development planning efforts are challenged to enhance coevolving spatial and socioeconomic systems that exist and interact at multiple scales. While network and simulation sciences have created new tools and theories suitable for urban studies, models of development are not yet suitable for local and regional development planning. A case study of the City of Roanoke, Virginia, grounded network development theories of scaling, engagement, and collective perception function, as well as network forms. By advancing urban development network theory, frameworks for urban simulation like agent-based models take more coherent shape. This in turn better positions decision-making and planning practitioners to adapt, transform, or renew local network-oriented development systems, and conceptualize a framework for computational urban development planning for regions and localities. / Ph. D.