Submitted by FERNANDA CRISTINA BASQUES null (ferbasques@fmb.unesp.br) on 2017-01-07T20:11:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MestradoFerBasques.pdf: 2100437 bytes, checksum: ea4eef96d0c26544ece6a714e13edb07 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-01-11T13:22:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 basques_fc_me_bot.pdf: 2100437 bytes, checksum: ea4eef96d0c26544ece6a714e13edb07 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-11T13:22:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 basques_fc_me_bot.pdf: 2100437 bytes, checksum: ea4eef96d0c26544ece6a714e13edb07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-07 / Introdução. O cateterismo cardíaco é um teste diagnóstico invasivo utilizado para detecção de alterações cardíacas dos pacientes com queixas cardiovasculares como anginas e infartos previamente detectados. Este ocorre por meio de um cateter arterial percutâneo, podendo ser escolhida a via radial ou femoral. Objetivo Obter por meio da revisão integrativa e validação de conteúdo, os principais cuidados para a retirada do introdutor arterial pelo enfermeiro com segurança. Metodologia. Estudo de abordagem quantitativa realizado em duas etapas: primeiro a realização de uma revisão integrativa para elaboração de dois Procedimentos Operacionais Padrão (POP’s) preliminar, utilizando as Bases de Dados BVS (Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde-BVS), Scopus, Embase, Web of Science e Pubmed e numa segunda etapa a submissão para apreciação de 8 peritos para obter um parecer sobre o conteúdo apresentado, utilizando a Técnica Delphi. E a partir destes, em posse das observações feitas pelos peritos, obter os POP’s definitivos. Resultados e Discussão. Estudos mostram que o enfermeiro tem papel fundamental na equipe multidisciplinar, garantindo a segurança na técnica de retirada do introdutor arterial com segurança garantida ao paciente. Importante, porém, protocolizar e dispor a informação para a equipe de enfermagem contribuindo para autonomia do enfermeiro e segurança do paciente. Produtos elaborados. Procedimento Operacional Padrão (POP) sobre a Retirada de Introdutor Arterial mecanicamente e manualmente pelo enfermeiro e um Ebook que ficará disponível na Biblioteca Virtual do Hospital das Clinicas de Botucatu. Conclusão. Cabe ao enfermeiro à prevenção de complicações vasculares como hematomas e sangramentos locais na retirada de introdutor arterial em via femoral, mecanicamente ou manualmente. O protocolo é um recurso técnico para o enfermeiro desenvolver sua prática com maior qualidade e segurança ao paciente. / Introduction. The cardiac catheterization is an invasive diagnostic test used for the detection of changes of cardiac patients with cardiovascular complaints as angina and heart attacks previously detected. This occurs through a percutaneous arterial catheter, can be chosen via the femoral or radial. Objective. Obtain through integrative review and validation of content, the main introducer removal care nurse blood safely. Methodology. Quantitative approach study carried out in two steps: first the realization of a integrative review for development of two standard operating procedures (POP's), using the VHL (Virtual Health Library-BVS), Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and Pubmed and in a second step the submission for consideration of 8 experts for an opinion on the content presented, using the Delphi Technique. And from these, in possession of the observations made by the experts, get the POP's definitive. Results and Discussion. Studies show that the nurse has a fundamental role in the multidisciplinary team, ensuring the technical security of withdrawal of arterial introducer with guaranteed safety to the patient. Importantly, however, Docketing and disposal information for nursing staff contributing to autonomy of nurse and patient safety. Products produced. Standard operating procedure (POP) on withdrawal of Arterial Introducer mechanically and manually by the nurse and an Ebook that will be available in the Virtual Library of the Hospital das Clinicas of Botucatu. Conclusion. It is the responsibility of the nurse to prevent vascular complications such as hematoma and bleeding sites in withdrawal of blood via femoral introducer, mechanically or manually. The Protocol is a technical resource for the nurse to develop their practice with higher quality and patient safety.

Fixed retainer after orthodontic treatment is an increasing retention appliance. For the mandibular incisors there are two different fixed retainers that are commonly used, either a canine-to-canine retainer bonded only to the canines or a twistflex retainer bonded to each of the mandibular incisors and canines. Increased mandibular incisor irregularity seems to be a continuous process throughout life even in untreated patients. The natural physiological changes during aging causes changes like those that occur after orthodontic treatment and the removal of retainers. There are few long-term studies that have compared patients who have had a mandibular fixed retainer with patients without retention appliance after treatment, and then compared the treated patients with untreated subjects.The overall aim of this thesis was to compare and evaluate two different mandibular fixed retainers and also to compare orthodontically treated cases with untreated long-term. This thesis is based on two studies and a PAR Index evaluation was presented in the frame story:Paper I is a retrospective longitudinal study done on dental casts and lateral head radiographs from patients who had received either a canine-to-canine retainer or a twistflex retainer after treatment. Different variables were measured, were Little’s Irregularity Index was the main outcome measure. The measurements were done at four different occasions, were the last registration was 12 years after treatment, i.e. 9 years after removal of retainer. Paper II is also a retrospective longitudinal study with three different groups, one group received a fixed mandibular retainer, one group did not receive any retention appliance after treatment and the third group was untreated subjects. Measurements were done on dental casts and lateral head radiographs at four different occasions to analyze dental and skeletal changes 12 years after treatment. Also here Little’s Irregularity Index was the main outcome measure. PAR Index evaluation is done to evaluate the stability of orthodontic treatment outcome after treatment and long-term for two different retainer groups and one non-retention group. The following conclusions were drawn: Paper I•Both the canine-to-canine retainer and the twistflex retainer can be recommended since both are equally effective during retention period.•None of the retention types prevent long-term changes of mandibular incisor irregularity or available space for the mandibular incisors after removal of the retainers.•No differences in bonding failures between the two retainers were found. Paper II•There were no differences found 12 years after treatment in Little’s Irregularity Index for the mandibular incisors between the group that had a retainer and the group that had no retainer after treatment•In the untreated group, Little’s Irregularity Index was increased over time but not to the same extent as in the treated groups. •The crowding before treatment did not explain the crowding at the last registration.•The use of mandibular retainers for two to three years does not appear to prevent long-term relapse. •If the patient wants to constrain the changes that come with natural development, then lifelong retention is needed.•The overjet and overbite were stable long-term.PAR Index evaluation•Twelve years after treatment the mean reduction in PAR score was over 70 per cent only for the groups who had a mandibular retainer after treatment. However, the non-retention group had a PAR score of 66 per cent.•There were more cases in the retention groups that were ”greatly improved and/or improved” 12 years after treatment compared to the non-retention group. After treatment between 16 and 23.3 per cent of all the cases were ”worse or not improved”. Twelve years after treatment between 36 and 43.6 per cent of the total cases were ”worse or not improved”.

INTRODUÇÃO: Estenose e obstruções venosas são achados frequentes após o implante de cabos-eletrodos transvenosos. Manifestações clínicas dessas lesões venosas, entretanto, são raramente reportadas. Embora exista consenso de que fenômenos tromboembólicos sejam mais comuns após reoperações que envolvam o implante de novos cabos-eletrodos ou procedimentos de extração transvenosa, ainda não existem evidências que comprovem essa observação. OBJETIVOS: Em pacientes submetidos a reoperações para corrigir disfunção em cabos-eletrodos ou para mudar o modo de estimulação, o estudo visou identificar: a) a incidência de tromboembolia pulmonar (TEP) e de trombose venosa profunda (TVP) do membro superior ipsilateral ao procedimento; b) a prevalência de lesões venosas prévias ao procedimento cirúrgico, pelo estudo venográfico, e a ocorrência de modificações desse padrão seis meses após o procedimento; e c) fatores prognósticos para a ocorrência dos eventos clínicos e das alterações venográficas. MÉTODOS: No período de abril de 2013 a julho de 2016 foram estudados 84 pacientes. A avaliação pré-operatória incluiu: ultrassonografia com doppler dos membros superiores, angiotomografia de tórax com protocolo para TEP, venografia por subtração digital e coleta de biomarcadores laboratoriais específicos do sistema de coagulação e hemostasia. Os exames diagnósticos foram repetidos no momento pós-operatório para detectar os desfechos do estudo. Todos os pacientes foram acompanhados por 12 meses. Os desfechos primários foram a ocorrência de TEP ou TVP em até 30 dias após o procedimento. Os desfechos secundários foram as alterações venográficas no sexto mês após a intervenção cirúrgica. Na análise da associação das variáveis demográficas, clínicas, operatórias e laboratoriais com os desfechos do estudo, empregou-se os testes Qui-quadrado, Exato de Fisher ou \"t\" de Student. Modelos de regressão logística multivariados foram utilizados para identificar fatores prognósticos. RESULTADOS: Entre os 84 pacientes incluídos, houve equilíbrio entre os sexos e a idade média de 59,3 ± 15,2 anos. O principal motivo para realizar o procedimento cirúrgico foi a disfunção de cabos-eletrodos (75%). A remoção de cabos-eletrodos foi efetuada em 52,4% dos casos. A taxa de eventos clínicos e subclínicos pós-operatórios foi de 35,7%, representada por TVP em 24 (28,6%) casos e TEP em seis (7,1%). Alterações no padrão venográfico seis meses após a operação foram identificadas em 34,5% dos pacientes. Os fatores prognósticos independentes para TVP foram: a presença de circulação colateral significativa na venografia pré-operatória ([odds ratio (OR) = 4,7]), (intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC 95%); 1,1 - 19,8; P = 0,037), a extração transvenosa de cabos-eletrodos (OR = 27,4; IC 95%; 5,8 - 128,8; P < 0,0001) e o aumento do fibrinogênio no pós-operatório (OR = 1,02; IC 95%; 1,01 - 1,03; P = 0,018). O histórico de tabagismo foi o único fator prognóstico relacionado com a ocorrência de TEP (OR = 14,6; IC 95%; 2,3 - 91,8; P = 0,004). Somente a extração transvenosa de cabos-eletrodos foi fator prognóstico independente (OR = 5,0; IC 95%; 1,6 - 15,4; P = 0,004) para alterações venográficas pós-operatórias. CONCLUSÃO: Reoperações envolvendo o manuseio de território venoso com cabos-eletrodos previamente implantados apresentam elevados índices de complicações tromboembólicas e de alterações venográficas. Extração transvenosa de cabos-eletrodos apresentou impacto significativo no desenvolvimento de TVP e de alterações venográficas. Esses resultados mostram a necessidade de novos estudos específicos para avaliar o papel de estratégias preventivas para esse subgrupo de pacientes / INTRODUCTION: Venous stenosis or occlusion is a frequent finding in patients with previously-implanted transvenous leads. Clinical manifestations of these venous lesions, however, are rarely reported. Although there is a consensus that thromboembolic events are more frequent after reoperation involving the implantation of new leads or lead removal, there is still no evidence to support this observation. OBJECTIVES: In patients submitted to reoperations due to lead dysfunction or device upgrade, the study aimed to determine: a) the incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) and upper extremity deep venous thrombosis (UEDVT) ipsilateral to the cardiac device; b) the prevalence of venous lesions determined by preoperative venography, and the occurrence of modifications or progression of these lesions six months after the procedure; and c) prognostic factors for clinical and venographic outcomes. METHODS: From April/2013 to July/2016, 84 patients were studied. The preoperative evaluation included: upper extremity venous ultrasound, computed tomography pulmonary angiography, digital subtraction venography and specific laboratory tests for coagulation and hemostasis. Diagnostic exams were repeated postoperatively to detect the study outcomes. All patients were followed for 12 months. Primary outcomes were occurrence of PE or UEDVT within 30 days after the procedure. Secondary outcomes were venographic changes six months after the surgical intervention. Student\'s t test, Chi-square or Fisher\'s Exact test were used in the univariate analysis of demographic, clinical, operative and laboratory variables. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic factors. RESULTS: Among the 84 patients included, there was a balance between gender and the mean age was 59.3 ± 15.2 years. Lead malfunctioning (75%) was the main surgical procedure indication. Lead removal was performed in 52.4% of the cases. The rate of postoperative clinical and subclinical events was 35.7%, represented by UEDVT in 24 (28.6%) cases and PE in 6 (7.1%). Alterations in the venography findings six months after the surgery were identified in 34.5% of the patients. Independent prognostic factors for UEDVT were: the presence of significant collateral circulation in the preoperative venography ([odds ratio (OR)= 4.7; [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1 - 19.8; P=0.037), transvenous lead extraction (OR= 27.4; 95% CI 5.8-128.8; P < 0.0001) and fibrinogen variation (OR= 1.02; 95% CI 1.01 - 1.03; P=0.018). Smoking history was the only prognostic factor related to the occurrence of PE (OR= 14.6; 95% CI 2.3 - 91.8; P=0,004). Transvenous lead extraction was the only independent prognostic factor (OR= 5.0; 95% CI 1.6 - 15.4; P=0.004) for postoperative venographic endpoints. CONCLUSION: Reoperations involving previously transvenous implanted leads present high rates of thromboembolic complications and venographic alterations. Transvenous lead extraction had a significant impact on the development of UEDVT and venographic alterations. These results show the need for further studies to evaluate the role of preventive strategies for this subgroup of patients

INTRODUÇÃO: Estenose e obstruções venosas são achados frequentes após o implante de cabos-eletrodos transvenosos. Manifestações clínicas dessas lesões venosas, entretanto, são raramente reportadas. Embora exista consenso de que fenômenos tromboembólicos sejam mais comuns após reoperações que envolvam o implante de novos cabos-eletrodos ou procedimentos de extração transvenosa, ainda não existem evidências que comprovem essa observação. OBJETIVOS: Em pacientes submetidos a reoperações para corrigir disfunção em cabos-eletrodos ou para mudar o modo de estimulação, o estudo visou identificar: a) a incidência de tromboembolia pulmonar (TEP) e de trombose venosa profunda (TVP) do membro superior ipsilateral ao procedimento; b) a prevalência de lesões venosas prévias ao procedimento cirúrgico, pelo estudo venográfico, e a ocorrência de modificações desse padrão seis meses após o procedimento; e c) fatores prognósticos para a ocorrência dos eventos clínicos e das alterações venográficas. MÉTODOS: No período de abril de 2013 a julho de 2016 foram estudados 84 pacientes. A avaliação pré-operatória incluiu: ultrassonografia com doppler dos membros superiores, angiotomografia de tórax com protocolo para TEP, venografia por subtração digital e coleta de biomarcadores laboratoriais específicos do sistema de coagulação e hemostasia. Os exames diagnósticos foram repetidos no momento pós-operatório para detectar os desfechos do estudo. Todos os pacientes foram acompanhados por 12 meses. Os desfechos primários foram a ocorrência de TEP ou TVP em até 30 dias após o procedimento. Os desfechos secundários foram as alterações venográficas no sexto mês após a intervenção cirúrgica. Na análise da associação das variáveis demográficas, clínicas, operatórias e laboratoriais com os desfechos do estudo, empregou-se os testes Qui-quadrado, Exato de Fisher ou \"t\" de Student. Modelos de regressão logística multivariados foram utilizados para identificar fatores prognósticos. RESULTADOS: Entre os 84 pacientes incluídos, houve equilíbrio entre os sexos e a idade média de 59,3 ± 15,2 anos. O principal motivo para realizar o procedimento cirúrgico foi a disfunção de cabos-eletrodos (75%). A remoção de cabos-eletrodos foi efetuada em 52,4% dos casos. A taxa de eventos clínicos e subclínicos pós-operatórios foi de 35,7%, representada por TVP em 24 (28,6%) casos e TEP em seis (7,1%). Alterações no padrão venográfico seis meses após a operação foram identificadas em 34,5% dos pacientes. Os fatores prognósticos independentes para TVP foram: a presença de circulação colateral significativa na venografia pré-operatória ([odds ratio (OR) = 4,7]), (intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC 95%); 1,1 - 19,8; P = 0,037), a extração transvenosa de cabos-eletrodos (OR = 27,4; IC 95%; 5,8 - 128,8; P < 0,0001) e o aumento do fibrinogênio no pós-operatório (OR = 1,02; IC 95%; 1,01 - 1,03; P = 0,018). O histórico de tabagismo foi o único fator prognóstico relacionado com a ocorrência de TEP (OR = 14,6; IC 95%; 2,3 - 91,8; P = 0,004). Somente a extração transvenosa de cabos-eletrodos foi fator prognóstico independente (OR = 5,0; IC 95%; 1,6 - 15,4; P = 0,004) para alterações venográficas pós-operatórias. CONCLUSÃO: Reoperações envolvendo o manuseio de território venoso com cabos-eletrodos previamente implantados apresentam elevados índices de complicações tromboembólicas e de alterações venográficas. Extração transvenosa de cabos-eletrodos apresentou impacto significativo no desenvolvimento de TVP e de alterações venográficas. Esses resultados mostram a necessidade de novos estudos específicos para avaliar o papel de estratégias preventivas para esse subgrupo de pacientes / INTRODUCTION: Venous stenosis or occlusion is a frequent finding in patients with previously-implanted transvenous leads. Clinical manifestations of these venous lesions, however, are rarely reported. Although there is a consensus that thromboembolic events are more frequent after reoperation involving the implantation of new leads or lead removal, there is still no evidence to support this observation. OBJECTIVES: In patients submitted to reoperations due to lead dysfunction or device upgrade, the study aimed to determine: a) the incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) and upper extremity deep venous thrombosis (UEDVT) ipsilateral to the cardiac device; b) the prevalence of venous lesions determined by preoperative venography, and the occurrence of modifications or progression of these lesions six months after the procedure; and c) prognostic factors for clinical and venographic outcomes. METHODS: From April/2013 to July/2016, 84 patients were studied. The preoperative evaluation included: upper extremity venous ultrasound, computed tomography pulmonary angiography, digital subtraction venography and specific laboratory tests for coagulation and hemostasis. Diagnostic exams were repeated postoperatively to detect the study outcomes. All patients were followed for 12 months. Primary outcomes were occurrence of PE or UEDVT within 30 days after the procedure. Secondary outcomes were venographic changes six months after the surgical intervention. Student\'s t test, Chi-square or Fisher\'s Exact test were used in the univariate analysis of demographic, clinical, operative and laboratory variables. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic factors. RESULTS: Among the 84 patients included, there was a balance between gender and the mean age was 59.3 ± 15.2 years. Lead malfunctioning (75%) was the main surgical procedure indication. Lead removal was performed in 52.4% of the cases. The rate of postoperative clinical and subclinical events was 35.7%, represented by UEDVT in 24 (28.6%) cases and PE in 6 (7.1%). Alterations in the venography findings six months after the surgery were identified in 34.5% of the patients. Independent prognostic factors for UEDVT were: the presence of significant collateral circulation in the preoperative venography ([odds ratio (OR)= 4.7; [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1 - 19.8; P=0.037), transvenous lead extraction (OR= 27.4; 95% CI 5.8-128.8; P < 0.0001) and fibrinogen variation (OR= 1.02; 95% CI 1.01 - 1.03; P=0.018). Smoking history was the only prognostic factor related to the occurrence of PE (OR= 14.6; 95% CI 2.3 - 91.8; P=0,004). Transvenous lead extraction was the only independent prognostic factor (OR= 5.0; 95% CI 1.6 - 15.4; P=0.004) for postoperative venographic endpoints. CONCLUSION: Reoperations involving previously transvenous implanted leads present high rates of thromboembolic complications and venographic alterations. Transvenous lead extraction had a significant impact on the development of UEDVT and venographic alterations. These results show the need for further studies to evaluate the role of preventive strategies for this subgroup of patients