Ce document se propose de mieux comprendre les fonctionnements pédagogiques et communicationnels de deux dispositifs d’apprentissage au sein d’un même département universitaire : le cas d’une Licence en Sciences de l’information et de la communication. Cette approche compréhensive à visée exploratoire part du postulat que le sens ne se construit qu’en situation et en interaction avec le dispositif d’apprentissage, adoptant ainsi une position épistémologique issue d’une « convention constructiviste ». La recherche souhaite comprendre comment les apprenants co-construisent leur réalité collective d’apprentissage à travers leurs expériences d’apprentissage signifiantes. L’émergence de modèles de lecture issus du double ancrage analytique (méthodes d’analyse de la systémique qualitative et de la sémiotique situationnelle) met également en exergue la dynamique et la logique des systèmes, les règles du jeu et le débat latent entre les acteurs en présence. En sus de cette lecture communicationnelle, cette recherche à visée heuristique offre une large réponse en terme méthodologique (notamment à travers la proposition de la technique dialectique graduelle). C’est en ce sens que ce document représente un premier socle de sorte à fonder une réflexion plus empirique, tant sur les méthodes d’analyse que sur la place des technologies de l’information et de la communication dans le paysage universitaire actuel. / This document suggests understanding better the educational functionings and communicationnels of two devices of learning within the same university department: the case of a License in Sciences of the information and the communication. This comprehensive approach with exploratory aim leaves the postulate that the sense builds itself only in situation and in interaction the device of learning, so adopting a épistémologique position outcome of a " constructivist agreement ". The research wishes to understand how are learners co-build their collective reality through their significant experiences of learning. The emergence of models of reading stemming from the double analytical anchoring (methods of the qualitative systematism and of semiotics situationnelle) also highlights the dynamics and the logic of the systems, the rules of the game and the latent debate between the actors in presence. In addition to this communicationnelle reading, this research with aim heuristics offers a wide answer in methodological term (in particular through the proposition of the gradual dialectical technique). It is in the sense that this document represents a first base so as to base a more empirical reflection, both on the methods of analysis and on the place of information technologies and communication in the current university landscape.

Automatic classification of devices in computer network can be used for detection of anomalies in a network and also it enables application of security policies per device type. The key to creating a device classifier is a quality data set, the public availability of which is low and the creation of a new data set is difficult. The aim of this work is to create a tool, that will enable automated annotation of the data set of network devices and to create a classifier of network devices that uses only basic data from network flows. The result of this work is a modular tool providing automated annotation of network devices using system ADiCT of Cesnet's association, search engines Shodan and Censys, information from PassiveDNS, TOR, WhoIs, geolocation database and information from blacklists. Based on the annotated data set are created several classifiers that classify network devices according to the services they use. The results of the work not only significantly simplify the process of creating new data sets of network devices, but also show a non-invasive approach to the classification of network devices.