Zugl.: Stuttgart, Univ., Diss., 2008

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Iowa, 2004. / Supervisor: Kembrew McLeod. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 219-228).

PURPOSE: The goal of this thesis research project is to evaluate and compare post-operative complications among patients, who underwent short and long segment Anterior Cervical Discectomy/Corpectomy and Fusion (ACDF/ACCF). METHODS: Retrospective cohort study design allowed for evaluation of series of variables (age, sex, diagnosis, general post-operative outcome, and complications) while comparing them between the short and long segment groups. RESULTS: Patients within both cohorts tended to experience similar complications, except pseudarthrosis and adjacent segment disease, which both were more prevalent in the long segment group. Diagnosis or short versus long segment length did not have an effect on the general post-operative outcome. One-level ACDF patients were younger than multilevel ACDF surgery patients. Dysphagia was more likely to occur in older patients, with the risk of dysphagia incidence increased by 7% with each year of patient’s age. CONCLUSIONS: Study indicated that longer segment ACDF/ACCF does not carry higher risk of complications incidence than short segment treatment. Further studies are advised to increase generalizability of these results.

Submitted by Pós-Com Pós-Com (pos-com@ufba.br) on 2013-02-04T16:12:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcela Alexandre Moreira.pdf: 1981461 bytes, checksum: 967fd12b67520219dfc6566359e5ce2c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alda Lima da Silva(sivalda@ufba.br) on 2013-02-04T17:05:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcela Alexandre Moreira.pdf: 1981461 bytes, checksum: 967fd12b67520219dfc6566359e5ce2c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-02-04T17:05:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcela Alexandre Moreira.pdf: 1981461 bytes, checksum: 967fd12b67520219dfc6566359e5ce2c (MD5) / Estudo sobre a música eletrônica e o drum’n bass enquanto gênero da música popular massiva a partir da análise da track Carolina Carol Bela LK. Fundamentam a análise as noções de gênero e cena, esta última materializada na música eletrônica através dos núcleos. Parte da história do DJ no rádio é recuperada com o objetivo de fornecer subsídios para a compreensão da popularização de gêneros como o drum'n bass no Reino Unido e no Brasil. Neste contexto, os discos de vinil se apresentavam como suporte decisivo enquanto estratégia de autenticidade do DJ. As tecnologias na produção musical exerceram importante papel na indústria fonográfica da música eletrônica e tensionaram a permanência e continuidade dos discos de vinil. Finalmente, a análise permitiu localizar o importante papel dos discos de vinil no gênero de música eletrônica drum’n bass à época do lançamento de LK. / Facom

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:34:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-12-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:45:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 arrudafilho_e_dr_guara.pdf: 580295 bytes, checksum: 8e98b919e8a238c1016d115cd4d53224 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente trabalho visa constatar a alteração nas freqüências de ressonância de rotores, considerando o efeito da flexibilidade dos discos, bem como o momento fletor aplicado ao eixo devido ao efeito giroscópico. A análise por matriz de transferência é utilizada para obter as freqüências naturais do sistema, considerando-o sem amortecimento, e movimento em órbita circular. Realizou-se uma fase experimental, a fim de se verificar a teoria desenvolvida, bem como observar os modos de vibrar do disco, do eixo, e do sistema disco-eixo, e suas respectivas freqüências naturais. / The main objective of this work is to investigate the resonant frequencies of rotors, taking into account not only the flexibility of the discs, but also the bending moment (due to the gyroscopic effect) applied to the shaft. The theorical analysis is based in the transfer matrix technique. The system was assumed to be undamped with the shaftdisc in circular orbit motion. An experimental work was carried out in order to obtain the mode shapes and the natural frequencies of the disc, shaft, and of the disc-shaft system. A good correlation was observed between the theorical and experimental results. Keywords: resonant frequencies, flexibility of the discs, disc-shaft system, transfer matrix method.

Orientador: José Elias Tomazini / Banca: Mauro Hugo Mathias / Banca: Luiz Carlos de Queiroz / Resumo: Para melhor entender os mecanismos degenerativos da coluna vertebral e avaliar o melhor método para seu tratamento é necessário que se conheça o comportamento dos diversos componentes das articulações intervertebrais. Com isso, torna-se essencial o desenvolvimento de dispositivos capazes de simular as condições fisiológicas de movimentos e cargas a fim de realizar testes in vitro que fornecerão dados para posteriormente serem testados in vivo. O objetivo deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de dispositivos para a realização de testes in vitro com coluna vertebral. Estes dispositivos constam de uma máquina capaz de simular o movimento de flexão-extensão, pré-cargas axiais e a angulação pélvica, e uma lâmina de extensometria para captar as deformações dos tecidos testados. Foram realizados experimentos com discos invertebrais suínos a fim de avaliar a eficiência dos dispositivos. Realizaram-se dois experimentos usando os dispositivos desenvolvidos e um experimento na máquina universal de ensaios. Como resultado obteve-se valores de propriedades mecânicas coerentes com a literatura e o disco intervertebral comportando-se como um material viscoelástico. Outro ponto importante foi a obtenção da pressão intradiscal aproximada relacionando-a com o deslocamento angular da coluna. Conclui-se que os dispositivos apresentaram funcionamento satisfatório, abrindo perspectivas para outros estudos. / Abstract: The best way to understand the degenerative mechanisms of the vertebral column and to evaluate appropriated methods for its treatment it is necessary to know the behavior of the diverse components of the intervertebral joints. So, it becomes essential to simulate the physiological conditions of movements and loads in order to carry through test in vitro that they will supply datas to be tested in vivo. The objective of this study is the development of devices of low cont for the accomplishment of tests in vitro with spine. These devices consist of a machine capable to simulate the movement of flexion-extension, daily pay-loads and the pelvic inclination, and an extensometry blade to catch the deformations of tested structures. POrcine had been carried through experiments with intervertebral discs in order to evaluate the efficiency od the devices. Two experiments had been become fullfilled using the developed devices and an experiment in the universal test machine. As result we got values of coherent mechanical properties with literature and the intervertebral disc behaving as a viscoelastic material. Another important point was the attainment of the intradiscal pressure approached relating it with the angular displacement of the spine. It is concluded that the devices had presented satisfactory functioning, opening perspective for other studies. / Mestre

Resumo: Neste trabalho de tese exploramos a sugestão de Barge e Sommeria (1995) de captura de partículas em vórtices anticiclônicos que se formam devido a instabilidades na nebulosa proto-planetária. O problema dinâmico foi estudado através de simulações de um disco kepleriano bidimensional e incompressível. Examinamos o processo de concentração de partículas dentro de grandes vórtices através das equações do movimento para partículas individuais (com tamanho de 50 cm e 2,12 m) submetidas à gravidade solar e ao arrasto do gás nebular. Os vórtices levam à captura de um grande número de partículas. Mostramos que a eficácia das capturas não depende somente do valor do arrasto gasoso e da elongação do vórtice mas também do modelo do disco proto-planetário escolhido. Um achado muito importante nesse trabalho de tese pode começar a responder à questão sobre a formação planetária: colapso gravitacional ou coagulação? Quando incluímos a auto-gravidade, os resultados que obtivemos mostram que a acumulação das partículas dentro do vórtice é bem mais rápida. É um ponto muito importante na formação dos núcleos planetários até hoje bastante discutido. De fato, a formação dos núcleos planetários dos planetas gigantes precisa da acumulação de material maior que 1MÅ em muito pouco tempo para que o colapso ocorra antes do efeito gravitacional dentro do vórtice começar a expulsar os planetesimais A auto-gravidade até então bastante negligenciada por muitos autores pode ser uma ferramenta essencial a ser incluída no modelo de formação planetária para explicar tal fato. Outro resultado interessante que obtivemos foi que o crescimento por auto-sedimentação das partículas com tamanho sub-métrico, não é muito eficiente para formar planetesimais. Parece que os vórtices capturam partículas com um tamanho preferencial para formar planetesimais ou núcleos planetários. / Abstract: In this thesis, we explore the suggestion of Barge & Sommeria (1995) of dust-trapping in anticyclonic vortices forming due to instabilities in the protoplanetary nebula. The dynamical problem is studied through numerical simulations of a two-dimensional incompressible Keplerian disc. We examine the process of particle concentration inside large vortex through a non-collisional N body's code for individual particles (with sizes of 50 cm and 2,12 m) subject to the solar gravity and the nebular gas drag. The vortices tend to capture a large number of particles. We show that the effectiveness of these captures depend not only on the value of the gaseous drag and the elongation of the vortices but also on the model of the protoplanetary disc chosen. A very important finding in this thesis can start to answer the question of the planetary formation: gravitational collapse or coagulation? When we include the self-gravity, the results that we found show that the accumulation of particles inside the vortices is faster. It is a very important point in the formation of planetary embryo until today highly discussed. In fact, the formation of the giant planets embryo need the accumulation of more material than 1MÅ in a very short time such that the collapse occurs before the gravitational effect inside the vortices start to eject the planetesimals. Self-gravity, until now neglected by many authors could be an essential tool to be included in planetary formation model to explain such fact. Another interesting result that we got was that the growth for auto-sedimentation of particles with sub-metric size, is not very efficient to form planetesimal. It seems that vortices capture particles with a preferential size to form planetesimals or planetary cores. / Orientador: Othon Cabo Winter / Coorientador: Masayoshi Tsuchida / Banca: Ernesto Vieira Neto / Banca: Tadashi Yokoyama / Banca: Rodney da Silva Gomes / Banca: Fernando Virgilio Roig / Doutor

Resumo: A desidratação do núcleo pulposo que, juntamente com o anulus fibroso, compõe o disco intervertebral, participa do processo de degeneração da coluna vertebral. Torna-se importante entender como este processo de desidratação e a consequente alteração das propriedades mecânicas influenciam na biomecânica dessa articulação. O principal objetivo deste estudo é analisar a influência da desidratação no coeficiente de amortecimento viscoso e como esta variação pode alterar o comportamento mecânico do disco intervertebral lombar. Este estudo é composto de duas etapas: na primeira, o coeficiente de amortecimento viscoso foi obtido experimentalmente de unidades funcionais de colunas lombares suínas antes e após o processo de desidratação das mesmas; na segunda, foi simulado em modelo computacional a resposta harmônica, utilizando-se dados da literatura e do coeficiente de amortecimento viscoso, analisando as diferenças entre uma simulação com o disco intervertebral hidratado e desidratado. O coeficiente de amortecimento viscoso hidratado (4,7) e desidratado (2,7) apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0,001). Na simulação computacional podese evidenciar uma menor influência da variação do coeficiente de amortecimento viscoso quando analisado de forma isolada do que quando analisado em conjunto com variações nos dados referentes à rigidez, principalmente nas frequências de ressonância e nas amplitudes de pressão intradiscal e deformação do disco intervertebral. Concluiu-se que discos intervertebrais desidratados respondem de forma diferente à vibração, o que pode contribuir para os processos lesivos da coluna vertebral / Abstract: The dehydration of the nucleus pulposus which, with the anulus fibrosus, composes the intervertebral disc, participates in the process of degeneration of the spine. It is important to understand how this process and the consequent alteration of dehydration of the mechanical properties influence the biomechanics of this joint. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of dehydration in the viscous damping coefficient and how this variation can change the mechanical behavior of lumbar intervertebral disc. This study consists of two stages: first, the viscous damping coefficient was obtained experimentally in functional units of porcine lumbar spine before and after the dehydration process of them; second, an harmonic response was simulated in a computer model, using literature data and the viscous damping coefficient, analyzing the differences between a simulation with the hydrated and dehydrated intervertebral disc. The hydrated (4.7) and dehydrated (2.7) viscous damping coefficient showed a statistically significant difference (p <0.001). In the computer simulation, a lower influence of variation of the viscous damping coefficient can be detected when analyzed separately than when analyzed together with variation on stiffness data, especially in the resonance frequencies and in the amplitudes of the intradiscal pressure and deformation of the intervertebral disc. We conclude that dehydrated intervertebral discs respond differently to vibration, what can contribute to the damaging processes of the spine / Orientador: José Elias Tomazini / Coorientador: Mauro Hugo Mathias / Banca: Fernando de Azevedo Silva / Banca: José Geraldo Trani Brandão / Banca: Valdeci Donizete Gonçalves / Banca: Magda Francisca Gonçalves Rocha / Doutor

Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides important information about structural and biochemical changes in organs. MRI is also an effective imaging method for the evaluation of spinal disorders. However, many of its potential applications - particularly diffusion imaging - have not yet been thoroughly explored. The purpose of this study was to determine the MRI-detectable changes in the intervertebral disc after trauma and to test the feasibility of diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the intervertebral discs. A minipig model was used in the experimental study to determine the MRI changes in the intervertebral disc after peripheral annular lesions in different time frames. Three of eight discs with experimental annular lesions had a normal annular appearance in MRI. Annular lesions, when detectable, were manifested as a bulging of the disc or as a high-intensity zone (HIZ) inside the annulus. Either the signal intensity or the area of bright signal intensity in the nucleus had nearly always decreased after one month, but they were still detectable even in cases where no signs of annular trauma could be seen in the MR images. The histology of HIZ is presented for the first time: clusters of nuclear cells and disorganized granulation tissue with capillaries were detected in the HIZ area. Fourteen patients 8 to 21 years of age with histories of vertebral fracture at least one year previously and 14 asymptomatic healthy control subjects 8 to 22 years of age were studied by MRI. In these young people a vertebral fracture, especially with end-plate injury, proved to be a notable risk factor for initiating disc degeneration. The apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of the thoracolumbar intervertebral discs were determined in three orthogonal directions in 18 healthy young volunteers aged 8-22 years. The ADCs were also determined in 10 young patients with previous vertebral fractures, and clear decreases were found in the ADCx and ADCy directions, but in the ADCz direction values had not changed significantly as compared to the values in the controls. The most marked changes were observed in the degenerated discs, followed by those in the discs with a normal signal intensity adjacent to the primary trauma area. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging affords a useful tool for evaluating disc diseases in the early phases. Additionally, 37 adult volunteers without back symptoms were studied by MRI and by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and it was found that the status of the lumbar arteries significantly explained the diffusion values in the lumbar intervertebral discs. The correlation between disc degeneration and diffusion was mostly linear, but not significant.

Cette thèse explore la formation, l’évolution et la structure des galaxies spirales à l’aide de simulations, en mettant l’accent sur le disque. Elle s'appuie sur nos simulations hydrodynamiques à N-corps mettant en scène une fusion majeure entre deux galaxies à disque à haut redshift, chacune en possession d’un halo de gaz chaud. Les disques des progéniteurs sont détruits par la fusion, et un disque étendu se forme dans la galaxie ainsi obtenue à partir d’étoiles nouvellement formées, la formation stellaire étant alimentée par le halo de gaz. A la fin de la simulation, la nouvelle galaxie montre toutes les propriétés d’une galaxie spirale, prouvant pour la première fois avec des simulations comment une galaxie de type tardif peut être créée par une fusion majeure.Dans cette thèse sont analysées plusieurs propriétés des galaxies ainsi obtenues, comme la migration stellaire, la rotation angulaire de la barre, et les profils radiaux de densité surfacique. Ce dernier point en particulier constitue une partie importante de mon travail, le fit de ces profils permettant d'obtenir les grandeurs caractéristiques du disque. Nos disques montrent en effet un profil de type II (troncature vers le bas) dont il est possible d'extraire les longueurs d'échelle et le rayon de troncature. Le but est notamment de chercher ce qui module les valeurs de ces paramètres (ceux-ci étant très différents d'une simulation à l'autre), ainsi que les phénomènes à l'origine de ce profil spécifique. Enfin, certains disques de type III (troncature du profil vers le haut) obtenus pour des simulations de galaxies isolées sont présentés et analysés, afin de comprendre leur provenance. / This thesis explores the formation, evolution and structure of spiral galaxies using simulations, with an emphasis on the disc component. It is based on our N-body/SPH simulations involving a major merger between two disc galaxies at high redshift, both in possession of a hot gaseous halo. The discs of the progenitors are destroyed by the merger, and a well-extended disc forms in the remnant galaxy from newly born stars, star formation being fuelled by the gaseous halo. By the end of the simulation, the remnant galaxy shows all the properties of a spiral galaxy, proving for the first time in simulations how a late-type galaxy can be created from a major merger.In this thesis, several properties of the remnant galaxy are analysed, such as the stellar migration, the bar pattern speed, and the surface density radial profiles. This last point in particular represents a significant part of my work, using fits of the profiles to obtain the characteristic parameters of the disc. Our discs show a type II profile (downbending truncation), so that we can derive their scalelengths and truncation radius. The goal is to understand what determines the values of these parameters (which are very different from one simulation to another), as well as the origin of this specific profile. Finally, some type III discs (upbending truncation) obtained for simulations of isolated galaxies are presented and analysed, in order to investigate their formation mechanism.