Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri--Columbia, 2001. / "December 2001." Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 228-243). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 248-267). Also issued in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 248-267).

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is not just a simple metabolic disorder, however, it is considered to be a cardiovascular disease of a metabolic origin. This is apparent especially when speaking about type 2 diabetes (DM II). Patients with DM have a high occurrence of vegetative nervous system (VNS) disorders that manifest themselves as an increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system that correlates with peripheral autonomic neuropathy and is considered to be the major pathophysiological mechanism for the development of DM II. The objective of our study was to determine whether a comprehensive spa treatment (ST) may affect the level of the sympathetic tone of patients suffering from DM II. As an indicator of the sympathetic tone, selected electrocardiographic parameters derived from the HRV, microvolt T-wave alternans, and microvolt R-wave alternans were evaluated. The electrophysiological examination of patients was performed before and after a three-week spa treatment using the KARDiVAR system. The method is used to examine the current state of the autonomic nervous system and carry out an analysis of risk factors and adaptive capabilities of the organism. The results showed favorable changes in DM II patients after the ST, primarily in terms of reduced sympathetic adrenal system activity,...

O diabetes Mellitus tipo II tem sido preocupação corrente nos dias atuais, pois, independente dos fatores desencadeados desta doença e de até certo ponto, algumas controvérsias sobre os mesmos, quaisquer investigações que possam contribuir para a melhoria de vida dos portadores do diabetes Mellitus tipo II, são altamente necessários. Destaque-se também que o levantamento estatístico e social da incidência dessa doença, tem demonstrado recentemente, que ocorrências tem incidido em indivíduos cada vez mais jovens contrariando a idéia de eventuais relações com idade avançada dos portadores. Durante os anos 90 estimava-se a existência de aproximadamente 175 a 200 milhões de diabéticos tipo II, em todo o mundo, por prospecção estima-se que em 2025, serão 300 milhões, os portadores da doença, sendo que 90 a 95% deles corresponderão ao tipo II. Esses fatos conduzem a presente pesquisa visto que, o exercício associado a medicamentos tem sido os elementos responsáveis pela melhoria de vida dos portadores de diabetes tipo II. Em vista disso foi proposto o estudo de 2 tipos de exercícios padronizados e avaliados mediante dosagem de glicose e teletermografia periférica. O nível glicêmico avaliado antes e após os 2 tipos de exercícios, (aeróbio e anaeróbio) demonstrou-se mais sensível aos exercícios anaeróbios propostos nesta investigação. Exercícios aeróbios (GDEA) - média da glicemia inicial 127,40 mg/dl - média da glicemia final 97,92 mg/dl - desvio padrão glicemia inicial 97,72 mg/dl, glicemia final 69,98 mg/dl. Exercícios anaeróbios (GDEAn) - média da glicemia inicial 132,62 mg/dl - média da glicemia final 91,54 mg/dl - desvio padrão glicemia inicial 90,84 mg/dl, glicemia final 61,11 mg/dl. A teletermografia periférica avaliada mediante a circulação do tegumento das plantas dos pés demonstrou-se igualmente favorável aos portadores dos diabetes tipo II submetidos aos exercícios anaeróbios. Exercícios aeróbios (GDEA) média da temperatura 28,09 graus Celsius - desvio padrão 1,14 graus Celsius.Exercícios anaeróbios (GDEAn) média da temperatura 29,67 graus Celsius - desvio padrão 1,13 graus Celsius. Procurou-se eventuais explicações para os resultados aqui obtidos, em vista dos quais os exercícios a serem praticados em portadores de diabetes Mellitus tipo II devem ser revistos. / Diabetes Mellitus type II investigations about quality of life improvement have been a concern nowadays, although there is some controversy about the cause of this disease. The incidence of this disease has been on younger people, what shows no direct relation with aging. During 90 decade it was estimated to exist 175 to 200 millions of people with diabetes type II around the world, it is estimated that in 2025 there will be 300 millions of diabetic people and 90 to 95% of these with the type II one. Those facts conduct the present research. Exercise associated to medicaments has improved the quality of life in people with diabetes type II. The present study investigated two different exercises and evaluated both with glucose dosage and periferical teletermography. Glicemic level was evaluated before and after both type of exercise (aerobic and anaerobic), and it was more sensitive to anaerobic exercises proposed. Aerobic exercises (GDEA) - mean initial glicemic index 127,40 mg/dl - mean final glicemic index 97,92 mg/dl - initial glicemic standard deviation 97,72 mg/dl - final glicemic standard deviation - 69,98 mg/dl. Anaerobic exercises (GDEAn) - mean initial glicemic index 132,62 mg/dl - mean final glicemic index 91,54 mg/dl - initial glicemic standard deviation 90,84 mg/dl - final glicemic standard deviation - 61,11 mg/dl. Peripherical teletermography evaluated trough feet plantar circulation demonstrated to be equally suitable to people with diabetes type II submitted to GDEA, mean temperature 28,09 °C - standard deviation 1,14°C, and to GDAn, mean temperature 29,67°C - standard deviation 1,13°C. Explanation was searched for presented results, those results demonstrated that exercise practicing must be reviewed if practiced by people with diabetes mellitus type II.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol inst., 2003. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Bakgrund: Diabetes mellitus är ett växande folkhälsoproblem då allt fler insjuknar i sjukdomen. Det är en kronisk sjukdom och förekommer i två olika typer, typ I och typ II varav typ II är den mest utbredda. Övervikt är en bidragande orsak till att personer utvecklar diabetes mellitus typ II, därför är det viktigt att göra livsstilsförändringar när diagnosen erhållits. Det är betydelsefullt att som sjuksköterska hjälpa och stödja personer utifrån deras behov. Syfte: Att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av att leva med diabetes mellitus typ II. Metod: En litteraturöversikt med kvalitativ design där 16 artiklar har analyserats och sammanställts till ett resultat. Resultat: Flertalet kvinnor upplevde en ökad oro och stress över hur de skulle hantera sin sjukdom. Det fanns flera olika faktorer som påverkade hur kvinnorna skötte sin sjukdom. För att de skulle förändra sin vardag och genomföra livsstilsförändringar var det nödvändigt med kunskap och information. Slutsats: För att hantera sin sjukdom krävs adekvat information ifrån hälso- och sjukvården. Brist på adekvat information kan visa på att det inte finns så stor kompetens kring sjukdomen. För att kunna optimera vården är det viktigt att som sjuksköterska ha kunskap om hur sjukdomen upplevs. / Background: Diabetes mellitus is a growing public health problem as more fall ill with the disease. It is a chronic disease and occurs in two types, type I and type II, which type II is the most widespread. Obesity is a contributing factor to people developing diabetes mellitus type II, so it is important to make lifestyle changes when diagnosed been acquired. It is significant as a nurse to help and support people based on their needs. Aim: To describe women's experience of living with diabetes mellitus type II. Method: A literature review where a qualitative design has been implemented, 16 articles have been analyzed to the result. Results: Most women experienced increased anxiety and stress over how to manage their disease. There were several factors that influenced how women managed their disease. To change their daily lives and to implement lifestyle changes, it was necessary to have knowledge and information. Conclusion: To manage their condition it requires adequate information from healthcare. Lack of adequate information can demonstrate that there is not so much expertise about the disease. In order to optimize the care it is important that as a nurse to have knowledge of how the disease is experienced.

Avaliou-se a velocidade da onda de pulso (VOP) carótido-femoral (CF) e carótido-radial (CR), por meio de técnica não-invasiva, em 14 indivíduos diabéticos do tipo 2 normotensos, A sensibilidade do barorreflexo (SBR) foi avaliada pela manobra de Valsalva e por testes com nitroglicerina e fenilefrina, durante monitorização não-invasiva batimento-a-batimento da pressão arterial. Os resultados foram comparados aos obtidos em 13 indívíduos saudáveis pareados por idade, índice de massa corporal e sexo. O grupo diabetes apresentou maiores níveis de glicose de jejum e HbA1c. As VOP CF e CR foram mais elevadas no grupo diabetes. A SBR estava reduzida nos diabéticos, nos testes com nitroglicerina, fenilefrina e, no reflexo de taquicardia da fase II da manobra de Valsalva. O aumento da VOP CF foi significativamente correlacionado à redução da SBR. Os resultados demonstram que em diabéticos do tipo 2 há maior rigidez arterial e a SBR está reduzida. A SBR é inversamente correlacionada ao aumento da rigidez arterial / Fourteen normotensive diabetic subjects were submitted to carotid-femoral (CF) and carotid-radial (CR) pulse wave velocity (PWV) analysis by non-invasive automatic device. The baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was evaluated by Valsalva manoeuvre, phenylephrine and nitroglycerin tests during non-invasive beat-to-beat blood pressure monitoring. The data were compared with those obtained in 13 age, body mass index and sex-matched healthy subjects. The diabetes group showed a higher fasting glucose level and HbA1c. The CF PWV and CR PWV were higher in diabetic patients. The BRS was impaired in diabetic individuals in nitroglycerine and phenylephrine tests and, also, in the tachycardic reflex in phase II of Valsalva manoeuvre. The increase of CF PWV was significantly correlated to the decrease of BRS. The data demonstrated that, in diabetic normotensive individuals, arterial stiffness is increased and the BRS is impaired. The BRS is inverselly correlated to increase of aortic stiffness

A eletromiografia de superfície (EMGs) é atualmente muito utilizada para diversos fins, em especial por ser um método não invasivo, com o objetivo de verificar a atividade elétrica neuromuscular em diversas doenças e/ou lesões que venham afetar esse sistema. E também as modificações, os efeitos e a especificidade do exercício e/ou treinamento físico na função neuromuscular. Em relação às diversas doenças potencialmente capazes de causar alterações nas propriedades teciduais e fisiológicas do sistema neuromuscular, destaca-se o Diabetes Mellitus Tipo II (DM tipo II). O principal objetivo do presente estudo foi estudar a resposta do sinal eletromiográfico frente ao exercício resistido agudo do tipo Leg Press 45° dos músculos reto femoral (RF), vasto medial (VM), vasto lateral (VL) e bíceps femoral (BF), em indivíduos portadores de DM tipo II. Participaram deste estudo 10 indivíduos portadores de DM tipo II (GD) e 10 indivíduos saudáveis (GC), na faixa etária de 50 a 60 anos. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (p \'< OU =\' 0,05) para idade (55,3±6,1 vs 55,5±5,7) e estatura (1,7±0,1 vs 1,7±0,1) entre o GD e GC. Entretanto houve diferenças estatística significativas entre GD e GC para os valores de massa corporal (92,9±7,6 vs 84,2±13,8) e Índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC) (32,07±1,7 vs 27,8±2,5). Em relação à análise do sinal eletromiográfico foram observadas diferenças em relação ao recrutamento muscular ao longo do movimento de \"Leg Press\" destacando-se que para o GD o músculo mais ativo foi o RF seguido do VL, já para o GC foi o VL seguido do VM, e quanto aos valores de slope do RMS não houve diferença quanto ao músculo BF para ambos os grupos demonstrando valores positivos, porém para os músculos RF, VM e VL houve diferença entre os GC e GD. Resultados estes que podem estar associados a alterações do sistema neuromuscular, desencadeadas pela resistência insulínica ao tecido muscular e modificações metabólicas causadas pelo DM tipo II. / Surface electromyography (sEMG) is currently widely used for various purposes, especially for being a noninvasive method, in order to check the electrical activity in various neuromuscular diseases and / or injuries that may affect this system. And also changes the effects and specificity of exercise and / or exercise training on neuromuscular function. Regarding the various diseases that can potentially cause changes in tissue properties and physiological neuromuscular system, there is the Type II Diabetes Mellitus (DM type II). The main objective of this study was to study the response of the electromyographic signal against acute resistance exercise like \"Leg Press\" 45 ° of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL) and biceps femoris (BF), in individuals with type II DM. The study included 10 individuals with type II DM (GD) and 10 healthy individuals (CG), aged 50-60 years. There were no significant differences (p \'< OU =\' 0.05) for age (55.5±5.7 vs 55.3±6.1) and height (1.7±0.1 vs 1.7±0.1) between the GC and GD. However there were statistically significant differences between GC and GD values for body mass (84.2±13.8 vs 92.9±7.6) and body mass index (BMI) (27.8±2.5 vs 32,0±1.7). Regarding the analysis of the electromyographic signal differences were observed in relation to muscle recruitment during the movement \"Leg Press\" highlighting that for GD muscle was the most active followed by VL RF, since the CG was followed VL VM, and the values of the RMS slope there was no difference in BF for both groups demonstrating positive values, but to the muscles RF, VM and VL was no difference between the GC and GD. These results that may be associated with changes in the neuromuscular system, triggered by insulin resistance to muscle tissue and metabolic changes caused by diabetes mellitus type II.

n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have been postulated to improve the insulin resistance associated with type 2 diabetes since the 1960s when observational studies in the Alaskan Inuit noted a reduced prevalence of type 2 diabetes when this population consumed a traditional diet. These findings were supported by animal studies but results of human intervention studies have been variable with most showing no change in glucose metabolism. More recent studies in growing farm animals suggested that muscle membrane phospholipids required to be enriched to a minimum of 14% n-3 PUFA in order for a change in insulin sensitivity to occur. This study sought to establish the effect of long-term (9 month) high-dose (3g/day) supplement of the n-3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on insulin sensitivity of glucose and protein metabolism. Thirty-three subjects with impaired glucose regulation underwent hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic-euaminoacidaemic clamps pre- and postintervention of n-3 PUFA or a control (maize) oil. A second cohort who all received n-3 PUFA supplementation underwent pre- and post-intervention muscle biopsies. Secondary outcomes included an assessment of inflammatory status and determining whether erythrocyte membrane phospholipid could act as a surrogate for muscle membrane phospholipid. In the clamp cohort, there were no changes in glucose metabolism postintervention; however, there was an increase in insulin-stimulated protein metabolism following the fish oil intervention. In the biopsy cohort, no subject achieved 14% PUFA enrichment in muscle membrane phospholipids; however, all subjects who received n-3 PUFA supplementation did achieve a minimum of 14% enrichment of n-3 PUFA in erythrocyte membrane phospholipid. In agreement with the majority of the literature, n-3 PUFA did not affect glucose metabolism. Insulin-stimulated protein metabolism was improved supporting the findings of another recent human study. These changes in protein metabolism may reduce the sarcopenia associated with aging, potentially delaying the progression of frailty.