Solid hydrogen forms at extreme conditions, under high pressures. Although the hydrogen atom is easy to understand theoretically, when interacting in the solid state it becomes complicated. Up to now, five different solid phases have been confirmed experimentally and theory has predicted numerous competing crystal candidates. The goal is to obtain solid metallic hydrogen which has been predicted theoretically eighty years ago and has since been considered the holy grail of high pressure science. In nature, this form of matter is believed to exist at the core of large planets like Jupiter and Saturn, being responsible for the planets' large magnetic fields. Understanding the different phases of hydrogen is a test for our most advanced theories of quantum mechanics in condensed matter and it is fundamentally important for both planetary and material science. Recently discovered solid phase IV is stabilized by entropy and therefore only exists at relatively high temperatures. Using molecular dynamics (MD) I studied the room temperature behavior of phase IV starting with the ground state candidate structures reported in the literature. Additionally, I devised a velocity projection method for extracting Raman spectra from MD in light of direct comparison to experiment. My results helped establish the true nature of phase IV and validated the structure against experimental data. Applying the same method to the previously proposed C2=c crystal structure, I obtained results that confirm this structure is the best candidate for phase III. Within the last year, a new phase V of solid hydrogen was discovered in Raman experiments. While attempting to identify the crystal structure associated with this new phase, I discovered a manifestation of solid hydrogen in the form of long polymeric chains that could be stabilized by a charge density wave. Here I discuss the possibility of such a state of matter as an intermediate on the path to molecular dissociation of hydrogen. Chains could, however, be a spurious structure - the effect of a subtle non-convergence problem in the MD, which could indicate serious issues with many previous studies reported in the literature. A far more likely candidate for phase V is a structure similar to that of phase IV with a subtle dynamical modification. I will present Raman and phonon results from both static and dynamic calculations to support this claim. I conclude my work on pure solid hydrogen with an instructive model that could explain the entire phase diagram based on simple thermodynamic considerations. All of the assumptions were extracted from our previous ab initio studies through analysis and observations. This model encodes a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of solid hydrogen at high pressures. Raman and infrared spectroscopy have been the methods of choice in most hydrogen studies. Another way to look at the problem is to analyze the behavior of isotopic mixtures: hydrogen-deuterium binary alloys. Using isotopic substitutions, I revealed a textbook effect in hydrogen: phonon localization by mass disorder. The effect might be unique to this element, owing to the large mass ratio between hydrogen and deuterium. Phonon localization explains the complicated Raman spectra obtained experimentally in hydrogen-deuterium mixtures at various concentrations. More recent experimental results claim an unexpected phase transition in mixtures at low temperatures based on splittings in the infrared spectra. Here I will show that the infrared splitting seen experimentally could be induced by mass disorder in phase III and does not necessarily indicate a structural transformation.

Using energy more efficiently is essential if carbon emissions are to be reduced. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), energy efficiency improvements represent the largest and least costly savings in carbon emissions, even when compared with renewables, nuclear power and carbon capture and storage. Yet, how should future priorities be directed? Should efforts be focused on light bulbs or diesel engines, insulating houses or improving coal-fired power stations? Previous attempts to assess energy efficiency options provide a useful snapshot for directing short-term responses, but are limited to only known technologies developed under current economic conditions. Tomorrow's economic drivers are not easy to forecast, and new technical solutions often present in a disruptive manner. Fortunately, the theoretical and practical efficiency limits do not vary with time, allowingthe uncertainty of economic forecasts to be avoided and the potential of yet to be discovered efficient designs to be captured. This research aims to provide a rational basis for assessing all future developments in energy efficiency. The global fow of energy through technical devices is traced from fuels to final services, and presented as an energy map to convey visually the scale of energy use. An important distinction is made between conversion devices, which upgrade energy into more useable forms, and passive systems, from which energy is lost as low temperature heat, in exchange for final services. Theoretical efficiency limits are calculated for conversion devices using exergy analysis, and show a 89% potential reduction in energy use. Efforts should befocused on improving the efficiency of, in relative order: biomass burners, refrigeration systems, gas burners and petrol engines. For passive systems, practical utilisation limits are calculated based on engineering models, and demonstrate energy savings of 73% are achievable. Significant gains are found in technical solutions that increase the thermal insulation of building fabrics and reduce the mass of vehicles. The result of this work is a consistent basis for comparing efficiency options, that can enable future technical research and energy policy tobe directed towards the actions that will make the most difference.

Diplomová práce měla za úkol aplikovat vybrané metody managementu kvality a tím zanalyzovat údaje o neshodné výrobě odštěpného závodu společnosti Lamela Electric, a.s. Výsledkem analýzy je zjištění příčin vzniku neshod a návrh opatření pro minimalizaci neshodné výroby.

The objective of this dissertation is to suggest the structure of new IS in the company, to suit the recent data flows, and simultaneously to satisfy the needs of the user. According to the suggestions and concepts mentioned in the thesis, it should be possible to pre – set a completely functional IS.

The aim of this thesis is to design a web application for software project management in the Lokola s.r.o. company. First, the currently used project management software is analysed. Next, the requirements of Lokola s.r.o. towards the new application are captured and analysed. Based on the analysis, corresponding use cases, data model and object design of the new application are created.

This diploma thesis is engaged in project management , Královopolská Brno. The company belongs to the biggest Czech crane and hoist device manufacturers. The subject of this diploma thesis is the analysis of projects. Detection of bottlenecks in the project management process and suggest improvment ideas.

In theoretical part, this master´s thesis deals with vibrations in cutting machine and description of creation of self-excited vibrations theory. In practical part, there is problem of chatter in cutting machine solved with using simulation program Adams and computing program MATLAB. Gradually, Multi body system of cutting machine and model of cutting tool with features flexible body are analyzed. At the end all both models were used to create complex model of the cutting machine .

The master‘s thesis focuses on the design of mobile application for web portal Hlidani.eu on Android platform. The theoretical part of the thesis analyzes problems and terms concerning mobile applications. The thesis uses selected analytical methods to analyze the current state of web portal Hlidani.eu. Based on these results, the application itself is designed.

This thesis deals with the optimization of the service repair process of turbomolecular pumps at Atlas Copco. The thesis is divided into three parts. In the first theoretical part, the author tries to acquaint the reader with the philosophy of a lean enterprise, the issue of spa-tial arrangement workplace mapping and process mapping methods. The practical part contains an introduction to Atlas Copco. In the project part there is an analysis of the current state and a proposal of a new solution, includ-ing calculation of savings.

The modern theory of phase transitions cannot explain the results of many experiments of interphase mass transfer. One reason for this is the assumption that during crystallization the solution is in the metastable state. The decomposition of the solution occurs by binodal scenario in this case. Crystallization nuclei form and grow in solution. The purpose of this study to show that in many cases the solution during crystallization is in an unstable state. The unstable condition leads to decomposition the solution by spinodal scenario.