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Potential energy surfaces for SiHâ†2+Mort, Steven P. January 1994 (has links)
No description available.
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Direct Fitting of Analytical Potential Functions to Diatomic Molecular Spectroscopic DataSeto, Jenning January 2000 (has links)
The standard practice of spectroscopic data reduction is generally to fit data to level energy expansions in terms of the vibrational and rotational quantum numbers. However, the utility of such expressions is limited because they extrapolate poorly and they need very large sets of parameters, many of which have no independent physical significance. One method of addressing these problems is to fit the spectroscopic data directly to analytical potential energy functions incorporating the natural physical behaviour of the molecule in question. Although there have been a number of successful applications of this approach, there are still certain problems associated with the types of potential forms being used. This thesis will explore some of these problems and determine how effective the potential forms being used are for a number of specific cases.
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Direct Fitting of Analytical Potential Functions to Diatomic Molecular Spectroscopic DataSeto, Jenning January 2000 (has links)
The standard practice of spectroscopic data reduction is generally to fit data to level energy expansions in terms of the vibrational and rotational quantum numbers. However, the utility of such expressions is limited because they extrapolate poorly and they need very large sets of parameters, many of which have no independent physical significance. One method of addressing these problems is to fit the spectroscopic data directly to analytical potential energy functions incorporating the natural physical behaviour of the molecule in question. Although there have been a number of successful applications of this approach, there are still certain problems associated with the types of potential forms being used. This thesis will explore some of these problems and determine how effective the potential forms being used are for a number of specific cases.
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Etude multi-échelle des phénomènes physico-chimiques aux interfaces gaz – surfaces métalliques / Multiscale study of the chemical and physical phenomena’s at the gas – metal surface interfaces.Grenier, Romain 26 October 2015 (has links)
Dans le contexte des écoulements micro- et nano-fluidiques, ce travail porte sur l'étude des interactions à l'interface entre des flux de gaz rares et des surfaces métalliques via une approche de modélisation multi-physique et multi-échelle. Elle se concentre tout particulièrement sur l'interaction entre l'argon et une surface d'or. Pour ce faire la modélisation a été effectuée en deux étapes, une première partie utilisant la mécanique quantique à l'échelle atomique et une deuxième partie de dynamique moléculaire à l'échelle nanométrique. La première partie est consacrée à l'obtention de potentiels d'interaction entre un atome d'argon et les atomes d'or de la surface par des méthodes de calculs théoriques basés sur la DFT comportant des effets à longues distances. Deux approches, donnant des résultats comparables, ont été utilisées : la première est liée à la description périodique de la surface d'or par un modèle basé sur la description des électrons par des ondes planes alors que la seconde permet de récupérer séparément les parties répulsives et attractives de l'interaction d'un atome d'argon avec un petit cluster d'or. Ces potentiels d'interactions ont été décomposés en potentiels de paires Ar-Au utilisables par des simulations de dynamique moléculaire. Ces simulations ont consisté en la projection d'atomes d'argon sur des surfaces d'or ‘parfaites' dites lisses ou des surfaces rugueuses plus représentatives de la technologie actuelle. L'analyse statistique des vitesses réfléchies permet de déterminer le coefficient d'accommodation tangentiel de l'argon sur des surfaces d'or. Ce coefficient est la traduction du phénomène de glissement qui peut ainsi être modélisé dans une description plus macroscopique de l'écoulement d'un gaz dans une micro-conduite. L'approche multi-physique utilisée dans ce travail a permis la détermination numérique de coefficients d'accommodations tangentiels très précis et comparables à l'expérience pour le couple argon-or, et doit pouvoir être appliquée à d'autres couples / In the context of micro- and nano-flows, this work concentrates on the study of interactions at the interface of noble gas and metal surfaces by a multi-physics and multiscale model. Particularly, the interaction of an argon atom with a gold surface is the focus of the study. The work has been made in two steps: the first one occurred at the atomic scale in which Quantum Mechanics is employed and the second one at the nanoscale with the use of Molecular Dynamics.The first part of the work was devoted to the determination of interaction potentials between an argon atom and gold atoms from the surface by DFT calculation methods comporting long range effects. Two approaches, leading similar results, have been used: the first one is linked to a periodic description of the gold surface where electrons are defined by plane waves, the second one gives independently repulsive and attractive parts of the interaction of an argon atom with a small gold cluster. Those interaction potentials are then decomposed in pair potentials suitable for Molecular Dynamics simulations. These last ones consisted in multiple times projecting argon atoms on smooth or rough gold surfaces (which are more representative of the roughness of actual technologies). The statistical analysis of the reflected velocities yielded the tangential momentum accommodation (TMAC) coefficient of argon on gold surfaces. This coefficient is the transcription of slip phenomena which occur at the interface, and it can then be used in nano-flow simulations. The multi-physics approach of the thesis gives accurate TMAC values which are comparable to experiments. The accounted method could then be applied to other noble gas metal surface couples
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Estudo teórico do radical CAs e da adsorção de As e AsH3 na superfície C(100) do diamante / Theoretical study of the CAs radical and of the adsorption of As and AsH3 on diamond C(100) surfaceAna Paula de Lima Batista 21 March 2014 (has links)
A química computacional, uma importante e crescente área da química teórica, vem sendo empregada com grande sucesso no entendimento dos mais variados tipos de sistemas químicos. Focando na interação entre arsênio e carbono, o presente trabalho apresenta duas situações distintas: uma que engloba o menor sistema formado entre eles, o radical CAs, e outra que traz a interação da superfície C(100) do diamante com o átomo de arsênio e a sua forma hidreto, ou seja, os sistemas C(100)+As e C(100)+AsH3. No primeiro caso, um tratamento de alto nível de correlação eletrônica (MRCI/aV5Z) é feito, permitindo se obter as propriedades espectroscópicas associados aos estados eletrônicos de mais baixa energia do radical. No estudo envolvendo a superfície C(100), dois modelos distintos de aglomerados foram adotados na representação do sólido: o modelo QM (C15H16) e o QM/MM (C292H120). A aproximação híbrida é baseada no método SIMOMM que é indicado para o tratamento de superfícies sólidas. Os dados estruturais e energéticos dos pontos de mínimos identificados nas duas diferentes aproximações foram contrastados, sugerindo que o modelo de aglomerado QM/MM é capaz de representar melhor o problema real. / Computational chemistry, a growing and important area in theoretical chemistry, has been successfully employed to understand many types of chemical systems. Focusing on the interaction between carbon and arsenic, this work presents two distinct situations: one is the study of the smallest system formed between them, the CAs radical, and another one where the diamond C(100) surface interacts with an arsenic atom and its hydride form, i.e. , the C(100)+As and C(100)+AsH3 systems. In the first case, a high-level (MRCI/aV5Z ) calculation was performed, allowing us to obtain the spectroscopic properties of the low-lying electronic states. In the study of the diamond C(100) surface, two different cluster models were used to represent the solid: one QM (C15H16) and the other QM/MM (C292H120). The hybrid approach is based on the SIMOMM method, that is recommended for dealing with solid surfaces. Energetic and structural aspects associated with the minimum energy species were contrasted for both a pproaches, suggesting that the QM/MM model is able to better represent the real problem.
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Estudo teórico do radical CAs e da adsorção de As e AsH3 na superfície C(100) do diamante / Theoretical study of the CAs radical and of the adsorption of As and AsH3 on diamond C(100) surfaceBatista, Ana Paula de Lima 21 March 2014 (has links)
A química computacional, uma importante e crescente área da química teórica, vem sendo empregada com grande sucesso no entendimento dos mais variados tipos de sistemas químicos. Focando na interação entre arsênio e carbono, o presente trabalho apresenta duas situações distintas: uma que engloba o menor sistema formado entre eles, o radical CAs, e outra que traz a interação da superfície C(100) do diamante com o átomo de arsênio e a sua forma hidreto, ou seja, os sistemas C(100)+As e C(100)+AsH3. No primeiro caso, um tratamento de alto nível de correlação eletrônica (MRCI/aV5Z) é feito, permitindo se obter as propriedades espectroscópicas associados aos estados eletrônicos de mais baixa energia do radical. No estudo envolvendo a superfície C(100), dois modelos distintos de aglomerados foram adotados na representação do sólido: o modelo QM (C15H16) e o QM/MM (C292H120). A aproximação híbrida é baseada no método SIMOMM que é indicado para o tratamento de superfícies sólidas. Os dados estruturais e energéticos dos pontos de mínimos identificados nas duas diferentes aproximações foram contrastados, sugerindo que o modelo de aglomerado QM/MM é capaz de representar melhor o problema real. / Computational chemistry, a growing and important area in theoretical chemistry, has been successfully employed to understand many types of chemical systems. Focusing on the interaction between carbon and arsenic, this work presents two distinct situations: one is the study of the smallest system formed between them, the CAs radical, and another one where the diamond C(100) surface interacts with an arsenic atom and its hydride form, i.e. , the C(100)+As and C(100)+AsH3 systems. In the first case, a high-level (MRCI/aV5Z ) calculation was performed, allowing us to obtain the spectroscopic properties of the low-lying electronic states. In the study of the diamond C(100) surface, two different cluster models were used to represent the solid: one QM (C15H16) and the other QM/MM (C292H120). The hybrid approach is based on the SIMOMM method, that is recommended for dealing with solid surfaces. Energetic and structural aspects associated with the minimum energy species were contrasted for both a pproaches, suggesting that the QM/MM model is able to better represent the real problem.
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Etude multi-échelle des phénomènes physico-chimiques aux interfaces gaz – surfaces métalliques / Multiscale study of the chemical and physical phenomena’s at the gas – metal surface interfaces.Grenier, Romain 26 October 2015 (has links)
Dans le contexte des écoulements micro- et nano-fluidiques, ce travail porte sur l'étude des interactions à l'interface entre des flux de gaz rares et des surfaces métalliques via une approche de modélisation multi-physique et multi-échelle. Elle se concentre tout particulièrement sur l'interaction entre l'argon et une surface d'or. Pour ce faire la modélisation a été effectuée en deux étapes, une première partie utilisant la mécanique quantique à l'échelle atomique et une deuxième partie de dynamique moléculaire à l'échelle nanométrique. La première partie est consacrée à l'obtention de potentiels d'interaction entre un atome d'argon et les atomes d'or de la surface par des méthodes de calculs théoriques basés sur la DFT comportant des effets à longues distances. Deux approches, donnant des résultats comparables, ont été utilisées : la première est liée à la description périodique de la surface d'or par un modèle basé sur la description des électrons par des ondes planes alors que la seconde permet de récupérer séparément les parties répulsives et attractives de l'interaction d'un atome d'argon avec un petit cluster d'or. Ces potentiels d'interactions ont été décomposés en potentiels de paires Ar-Au utilisables par des simulations de dynamique moléculaire. Ces simulations ont consisté en la projection d'atomes d'argon sur des surfaces d'or ‘parfaites' dites lisses ou des surfaces rugueuses plus représentatives de la technologie actuelle. L'analyse statistique des vitesses réfléchies permet de déterminer le coefficient d'accommodation tangentiel de l'argon sur des surfaces d'or. Ce coefficient est la traduction du phénomène de glissement qui peut ainsi être modélisé dans une description plus macroscopique de l'écoulement d'un gaz dans une micro-conduite. L'approche multi-physique utilisée dans ce travail a permis la détermination numérique de coefficients d'accommodations tangentiels très précis et comparables à l'expérience pour le couple argon-or, et doit pouvoir être appliquée à d'autres couples / In the context of micro- and nano-flows, this work concentrates on the study of interactions at the interface of noble gas and metal surfaces by a multi-physics and multiscale model. Particularly, the interaction of an argon atom with a gold surface is the focus of the study. The work has been made in two steps: the first one occurred at the atomic scale in which Quantum Mechanics is employed and the second one at the nanoscale with the use of Molecular Dynamics.The first part of the work was devoted to the determination of interaction potentials between an argon atom and gold atoms from the surface by DFT calculation methods comporting long range effects. Two approaches, leading similar results, have been used: the first one is linked to a periodic description of the gold surface where electrons are defined by plane waves, the second one gives independently repulsive and attractive parts of the interaction of an argon atom with a small gold cluster. Those interaction potentials are then decomposed in pair potentials suitable for Molecular Dynamics simulations. These last ones consisted in multiple times projecting argon atoms on smooth or rough gold surfaces (which are more representative of the roughness of actual technologies). The statistical analysis of the reflected velocities yielded the tangential momentum accommodation (TMAC) coefficient of argon on gold surfaces. This coefficient is the transcription of slip phenomena which occur at the interface, and it can then be used in nano-flow simulations. The multi-physics approach of the thesis gives accurate TMAC values which are comparable to experiments. The accounted method could then be applied to other noble gas metal surface couples
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Study of spin-orbit coumed electronics states of Rb2, NaCs and Nak molecules : laser spectroscopy and accurate coupled-channel deperturbation analysis / Étude d’états électroniques couples par interaction spin-orbite des molécules Rb2, NaCs, et NaK : spectroscopie laser et analyse déperturbative précise par calcul de voies coupléesDrozdova, Anastasia 05 September 2012 (has links)
Cette thèse étudie les régions d'irrégularité marquée dans les spectres électroniques des dimères alcalins. Ces perturbations, qui rendent difficile voire impossible l’attribution habituelle et sans ambiguïté des nombres quantiques moléculaires, sont produites par de forts couplages spin-orbite. Des méthodes numériques nous permettent de résoudre l'équation de Schrödinger radiale pour de tels systèmes. Nous avons élaboré des stratégies permettant d’utiliser des formes analytiques pour les courbes d’énergie potentielle moléculaire et pour les fonctions de couplage spin-orbite. Nous prenons en compte les perturbations d’origine spin-orbite, et les effets de couplage spin-rotation dans des calculs d’états couplés, en utilisant des techniques numériques de différences finies et les méthodes de collocation, avec hamiltoniens moléculaires appropriés. La méthode a été testée avec succès sur des données publiées sur NaK, et également sur des données expérimentales obtenues pour des paires d’états électroniques excités fortement couplés (A 1Σ+(u) et b 3Π(u) pour Rb2 et pour NaCs), suite à des expériences de fluorescence induite par laser analysée par spectrométrie de Fourier. En optimisant les paramètres des potentiels moléculaires et des fonctions spin-orbite par le biais d’ajustements itératifs par moindres carrés non-linéaires, les modèles permettent d'atteindre la précision expérimentale (limite Doppler) actuelle. Les résultats sont controlés par étude des effets de substitution isotopique et des intensités observées. Un schéma pour refroidissement optique de NaCs a été proposé à partir des probabilités de transition calculées. / This thesis investigates regions of marked irregularity in the electronic spectra of alkali dimers. These perturbations, which make it difficult (if not impossible) to give the usual unambiguous assignment of molecular quantum numbers, are caused by strong spin-orbit coupling between close-lying electronic states. Numerical methods allow us to solve the radial Schrödinger equation for such systems. We have developed strategies to use analytical forms for molecular energy potentials and spin-orbit coupling functions in order to represent such situations, using Hund’s case (a) basis sets. Calculations are then performed using finite difference and collocation methods, with appropriate coupled-channel molecular Hamiltonians that take into account spin-orbit and spin-rotation interactions. Our analytical mapping procedure, based on a reduced variable representation of the radial coordinate, improves the computational efficiency for uniform finite-difference grid solutions of the coupled channel equations. The method has been successfully tested on published data for NaK (D 1Πd 3Πstates), and also on experimental data obtained by laser induced fluorescence and Fourier transform spectrometry for pairs of strongly coupled excited electronic states of heavier alkali species, Rb2 and NaCs (A 1Σ+(u) and b 3Π(u) states). Optimising the parameters of molecular potentials and spin-orbit functions through iterative non-linear least squares fits, the models achieve the current (Doppler limited) experimental level of precision. The validity of the results is confirmed by investigating the effects of isotopic substitution and intensity patterns. Results have been used to predict transition probabilities for a two-step optical cooling cycle for the NaCs molecule. / Данная диссертационная работа посвящена изучению возмущений в электронно-колебательно-вращательных спектрах димеров щелочных металлов. Нерегулярности вколебательно-вращательной структуре, вызванные сильным спин-орбитальнымвзаимодействием близко лежащих электронных состояний осложняют, а иногда и делаютневозможным, однозначное отнесение линий в молекулярных спектрах. В данной работе, врамках метода связанных колебательных каналов, разработана модель неадиабатическогоописания энергетических и радиационных свойств синглет-триплетных комплексоввозмущенных состояний, подчиняющихся промежуточным a-b-c случаям связи по Гунду взависимости от величины вращательного квантового числа и межъядерного расстояния.Ключевыми параметрами этой модели являются потенциальные кривые рассматриваемыхсостояний и функции спин-орбитального взаимодействия. Аналитическая замена радиальнойкоординаты в сочетании с аналитическим представлением варьируемых функций позволилиповысить эффективность решения системы уравнений Шредингера для рассматриваемыхсистем, а также улучшить экстраполяционные свойства неэмпирических функцийпотенциальной энергии. Предложенный подход использован для анализа (представленных влитературе) ровибронных энергий молекулы NaK (D1Π , d3Π состояния), а такжеоригинальных экспериментальных данных, полученных в данной работе методом лазерно-индуцированной флуоресценции для сильно возмущенных электронных состояний Rb2 иNaCs ( A1Σ(u)+ и b3Π(u) состояния). Проверка адекватности полученных структурныхпараметров выполнена путем предсказания и сопоставления с экспериментом (1)энергетических свойств для различных изотопомеров; (2) распределения относительныхинтенсивностей в спектрах лазерно-индуцированной флуоресценции с локальновозмущенных уровней комплексов в основное электронное состояние. Результаты,полученные для молекул NaCs, были использованы для расчета оптимальных путейдвухступенчатой оптической конверсии неустойчивых электронно-возбужденных молекул,образующихся в результате столкновений холодных атомов, на низший по энергиировибронный уровень основного электронного состояния.
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