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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Estudos sobre a síntese e a fotociclização de adutos de Diels-Alder entre ciclopentadieno e alguns benzoquinonas 2-mono-substituídas / Studies about the synthesis and fotociclização the Diels-Alder adduct between cyclopentadiene and some benzoquinone 2-mono-substituted

Campos, Ivan Persio de Arruda 15 July 1992 (has links)
A presente tese apresenta: I - Uma revislo bibliográfica sobre os adutos de Diels-Alder entre benzoquinonas 2-mono-substituídas ou benzoquinona não-substituída e ciclopentadieno; II - Uma visão mecanística, de literatura, sobre as reações de ciclo-adição; III - A síntese, por nós efetuada, de uma série de adutos de Diels-Alder entre ciclopentadieno e benzoquinonas 2-mono-substituídas por cloro, bromo, ou ainda, substituintes contendo nitrogênio, oxigênio, enxofre ou selênio; IV - O estudo que empreendemos sobre a fotociclização dos adutos acima mencionados. Na obtenção dos adutos, foram empregados dois métodos distintos: a reação de Diels-Alder e a substituição do halogênio por nucleófilos, nos adutos halogenados. Nove adutos inéditos foram isolados e caracterizados. A estereoquímica dos treze adutos preparados foi esclarecida por RMN de 13C e de 1H. O estudo da fotociclização dos adutos visava dois aspectos: sintético, para a obtenção de compostos-gaiola, e mecanístico. Foram isolados e caracterizados sete novos compostos-gaiola. Foi sugerido o mecanismo das referidas fotociclizações, através das determinações dos rendimentos quânticos e dos resultados de voltametria cíclica. Foi, também, fornecida uma possível explicação para a falta de reatividade fotoquímica de alguns adutos. / This thesis contains: I - A literature review about cyclopentadiene Diels-Alder adducts of benzoquinone and its 2-mono-substituted derivatives; II - A mechanistic overview of cycloaddition reactions; III - The synthesis of a series of Diels-Alder adducts of cyclopentadiene and 2-mono-substituted (by chloro-, bromo- or groups containing nitrogen, oxigen, sulfur or selenium) benzoquinones; IV - The investigation about the photocyclization of the same adducts. Two different methods were employed for the obtention of these adducts: either the Diels-Alder reaction, or the substituition of the halogen by nucleophiles, in the halo-containing adducts. Nine previously unreported adducts were isolated and characterized. The sterochemistry of the thirteen adducts prepared was determined through 13C and 1H NMR. The investigation about the photocyclization of the adducts had two main objectives: the synthesis of the corresponding cage-compounds and the elucidation of the photocyclization\'s mechanism. Seven new cage-compounds, previously unreported, were obtained and characterized. Quantum yield determinations and cyclic voltammetry data led to the proposition of a mechanism for the photocyclization reactions. An explanation for the lack of photoreactivity presented by some adducts was also furnished.
2

Estudos sobre a síntese e a fotociclização de adutos de Diels-Alder entre ciclopentadieno e alguns benzoquinonas 2-mono-substituídas / Studies about the synthesis and fotociclização the Diels-Alder adduct between cyclopentadiene and some benzoquinone 2-mono-substituted

Ivan Persio de Arruda Campos 15 July 1992 (has links)
A presente tese apresenta: I - Uma revislo bibliográfica sobre os adutos de Diels-Alder entre benzoquinonas 2-mono-substituídas ou benzoquinona não-substituída e ciclopentadieno; II - Uma visão mecanística, de literatura, sobre as reações de ciclo-adição; III - A síntese, por nós efetuada, de uma série de adutos de Diels-Alder entre ciclopentadieno e benzoquinonas 2-mono-substituídas por cloro, bromo, ou ainda, substituintes contendo nitrogênio, oxigênio, enxofre ou selênio; IV - O estudo que empreendemos sobre a fotociclização dos adutos acima mencionados. Na obtenção dos adutos, foram empregados dois métodos distintos: a reação de Diels-Alder e a substituição do halogênio por nucleófilos, nos adutos halogenados. Nove adutos inéditos foram isolados e caracterizados. A estereoquímica dos treze adutos preparados foi esclarecida por RMN de 13C e de 1H. O estudo da fotociclização dos adutos visava dois aspectos: sintético, para a obtenção de compostos-gaiola, e mecanístico. Foram isolados e caracterizados sete novos compostos-gaiola. Foi sugerido o mecanismo das referidas fotociclizações, através das determinações dos rendimentos quânticos e dos resultados de voltametria cíclica. Foi, também, fornecida uma possível explicação para a falta de reatividade fotoquímica de alguns adutos. / This thesis contains: I - A literature review about cyclopentadiene Diels-Alder adducts of benzoquinone and its 2-mono-substituted derivatives; II - A mechanistic overview of cycloaddition reactions; III - The synthesis of a series of Diels-Alder adducts of cyclopentadiene and 2-mono-substituted (by chloro-, bromo- or groups containing nitrogen, oxigen, sulfur or selenium) benzoquinones; IV - The investigation about the photocyclization of the same adducts. Two different methods were employed for the obtention of these adducts: either the Diels-Alder reaction, or the substituition of the halogen by nucleophiles, in the halo-containing adducts. Nine previously unreported adducts were isolated and characterized. The sterochemistry of the thirteen adducts prepared was determined through 13C and 1H NMR. The investigation about the photocyclization of the adducts had two main objectives: the synthesis of the corresponding cage-compounds and the elucidation of the photocyclization\'s mechanism. Seven new cage-compounds, previously unreported, were obtained and characterized. Quantum yield determinations and cyclic voltammetry data led to the proposition of a mechanism for the photocyclization reactions. An explanation for the lack of photoreactivity presented by some adducts was also furnished.
3

Recherche d'inhibiteurs naturels des protéines anti-apoptotiques Bcl-xL et Mcl-1 / Search for natural inhibitors of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-xL and Mcl-1

Geny, Charlotte 24 October 2014 (has links)
Dans le but de rechercher des inhibiteurs naturels des protéines anti-Apoptotiques Bcl-XL et Mcl-1, deux essais biologiques ont été mis au point sur Bcl-XL/Bak-CF et Mcl-1/Bid-CF. Ces deux tests utilisent la polarisation de fluorescence et sont basés sur la liaison d’un peptide pro-Apoptotique marqué à la fluorescéine (Bak-CF ou Bid-CF) avec une protéine anti-Apoptotique (Bcl-XL ou Mcl-1). Au total, près de 600 extraits de pantes, provenant de diverses régions du monde, ont été criblés sur les deux protéines Bcl-XL et Mcl-1 permettant de sélectionner les extraits acétate d’éthyle des écorces de Knema hookeriana (Myristicaceae) et de Fissistigma latifolium (Annonaceae). L’analyse chimique des constituants des écorces de K. hookeriana a conduit à l’isolement de 12 lipides phénoliques dont 6 n’avaient jamais été isolés d’un organisme vivant. Seuls les acides anacardiques ont révélé de très fortes inhibitions de l’interaction Bcl-XL/Bak-CF et Mcl-1/Bid-CF dans les essais par polarisation de fluorescence. Une étude plus approfondie des interactions entre le plus actif des produits et les protéines (Bcl-XL, Mcl-1, Bak et Bid) par RMN, a montré que la modulation des interactions Bcl-XL/Bak et Mcl-1/Bid n’est pas liée à l’affinité de l’acide anacardique pour les protéines Bcl-XL et Mcl-1 mais a une forte affinité pour les peptides Bid et Bak. Le fractionnement bioguidé de l’extrait AcOEt des écorces de F. latifolium a conduit à l’isolement d’une nouvelle chalcone prénylée, la (±)-Écarlottone possédant une dual activité sur les protéines, Bcl-XL et Mcl-1. Par la suite, le fractionnement "RMN-Guidé" a mené à l’isolement de 6 analogues. / In order to search for natural inhibitors of anti-Apoptotic protein Bcl-XL and Mcl-1, two bioassays were developed on Bcl-XL/Bak-CF and Mcl-1/Bid-CF. Both assays use fluorescent polarisation, and are based on binding of a fluorescein labeled pro-Apoptotic peptide (Bak-CF or-CF Bid) with an anti-Apoptotic protein (Bcl-XL or Mcl-1). Nearly 600 extracts from various parts of the world were screened on both Bcl-XL and Mcl-1 proteins to select the ethyl acetate bark extracts of Knema hookeriana (Myristicaceae) and Fissistigma latifolium (Annonaceae). The chemical analysis of the constituents of K. hookeriana has led to the isolation of 12 phenolic lipids. 6 of them were never isolated from a living organism. Only anacardic acids showed very strong inhibition of the interaction Bcl-XL/Bak-CF and Mcl-1/Bid-CF in fluorescent polarisation assays. Further study of the interactions between the most active anacardic acid and proteins (Bcl-XL, Mcl-1, Bak and Bid) by NMR showed that the modulation of Bcl-XL/Bak and Mcl-1/Bid is not related to the affinity of the compoun to the anti-Apoptotic proteins, Bcl-XL and Mcl-1 but to its affinity for peptides, Bid and Bak. The bioguided fractionation of the AcOEt bark extract of F. latifolium led to the isolation of a novel prenylated chalcone, (±)-Écarlottone having a dual activity on protein, Bcl-XL and Mcl-1. Subsequently, fractionation "NMR-Guided" led to the isolation of 6 new analogs.

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