Visando a redução de poluentes emitidos pelos motores de combustão interna com ignição por compressão, que operam conforme o ciclo diesel, foram desenvolvidos nos últimos anos dispositivos para a operação destes motores com novos combustíveis, que além da redução de poluentes barateariam o custo de operação, devido à oportunidade de utilização de alguns combustíveis com boa disponibilidade. No presente estudo analisa-se a operação do motor diesel utilizando gás natural como combustível. Neste caso utiliza-se o óleo diesel apenas como combustível piloto, que será responsável pela ignição do segundo combustível, o gás natural. Em diversas publicações constata-se o ganho ambiental e econômico desta aplicação, porém nada é comentado em relação à alteração de índices de confiabilidade e surgimento de novos modos de falha. Neste trabalho verifica-se através de ferramentas de análise de confiabilidade, tais como a análise do tipo FMEA e Árvore de falhas, quais os principais modos de falha que serão inseridos no motor de combustão interna do tipo diesel quando este passa a operar como bi-combustível, com gás natural. Para tanto, necessita-se subdividir o motor diesel em subsistemas mostrando sua estruturação em árvores funcionais e integrando o kit diesel gás neste sistema. A partir da análise de confiabilidade verifica-se a probabilidade de ocorrência de novos modos de falha, que necessitarão da elaboração de novos planos de manutenção ou mesmo alterações no projeto do subsistema de injeção de gás natural. / In order to reduce pollutants emissions from internal combustion engines with compression bend ignition, designed to operate as the Diesel cycle, it has been developed in recent years devices for the addition of new fuels, which in addition to reducing pollutants could lower the cost of operation, due to the possibility of use of some fuels with good availability. In this case it is used only the diesel oil as the pilot flame, which is responsible for the ignition of the second fuel, the natural gas. Many publications discuss the environmental and the economic gain with the use of natural gas as fuel application, however nothing is said about the change of reliability indexes and the appearance of new failure modes in the engine. In this study through system reliability analysis tools such as Faillure Mode Effects and Analisys and Fault tree analysis it is analysed, which are the main failure modes that are inserted into the internal combustion engine when it comes to operate as dual fuel. For that analyses it is necessary to split the engine into subsystems showing its functional trees and integrating diesel gas kit in this system. New failure modes appear with greater severity than the existing in the traditional diesel engine system, leading to new design and maintenance practices. The end user, according to his need, will have one more parameter to choose whether to adopt a Diesel Gas system.

Engine thermal and lubricant systems have only recently been a serious focus in engine design and in general remain under passive control. The introduction of active control has shown benefits in fuel consumption during the engine warm-up period, however there is a lack of rigorous calibration of these devices in conjunction with other engine systems. For these systems, benefits in fuel consumption (FC) are small and accurate measurement systems are required. Analysis of both FC and NOx emissions measurements processes was conducted and showed typical errors of 1% in FC from thermal expansion and 2% in NOx per g/kg change in absolute humidity. Correction factors were derived both empirically and from first principles to account for these disturbances. These improvements are applicable to the majority of experimental facilities and will be essential as future engine developments are expected to be achieved through small incremental steps. Using prototype hardware installed on a production 2.4L Diesel engine, methodologies for optimising the design, control and integration of these systems were demonstrated. Design of experiments (DoE) based approaches were used to model the engine behaviour under transient conditions. A subsequent optimisation procedure demonstrated a 3.2% reduction in FC during warm-up from 25°C under iso-NOx conditions. This complemented a 4% reduction from reduced oil pumping work using a variable displacement pump. A combination of classical DoE and transient testing allowed the dynamic behaviour of the engine to be captured empirically when prototype hardware is available. Furthermore, the enhancement of dynamic DoE approaches to include the thermal condition of the engine can produce models that, when combined with other available simulation packages, offer a tool for design optimisation when hardware is not available. These modelling approaches are applicable to a wide number of problems to evaluate design considerations at different stages of the engine development process. These allow the transient thermal behaviour of the engine to be captured, significantly enhancing conventional model based calibration approaches.

An experimental investigation has been undertaken to study operating temperatures and heat fluxes in the cylinder walls and cylinder head of a modern diesel engine. Temperatures were measured under a wide range of speed and torque at more than one hundred locations in the block and cylinder head of the engine employing conventional thermocouples arranged to obtain one-dimensional metal thermal gradients and subsequently deduce the corresponding heat fluxes and surface temperatures. Results observed in the cylinder bores revealed that in addition to heat transferred by convection and radiation from combustion gases, the temperature and heat flux distributions are considerably affected by heat conduction from piston rings and skirt through the oil film, and by frictional heat generated at these components. The heat fluxes and surface temperatures obtained in the cylinder head combined with gas pressure measurements were used to evaluate existing formulae to predict heat transfer coefficients from combustion gases to the chamber walls. The evaluation confirmed the significant variation previously observed between the various methods. As a consequence, a modified correlation has been proposed to estimate the gas-side heat transfer coefficient. This new correlation is considered to be an improved tool for estimating the heat transfer coefficients from combustion gases in modern diesel engines. Additionally, the results observed in the cylinder bores were used to develop a simple model from first principles to estimate the heat transferred from piston rings and skirt to the cylinder wall.

O emprego de óleos vegetais como combustível em motores ciclo diesel tem se demonstrado viável após diversos estudos de desempenho já desenvolvidos em diversos motores e configurações, porém apresentando algumas restrições quanto ao seu uso contínuo, dentre as quais se destacam a ocorrência de quebras do motor devido ao excesso de carbonização no cabeçote. No Brasil, a abundância de óleos de origem vegetal constitui um incentivo para a realização de estudos visando ao aproveitamento desses combustíveis alternativos, neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta um estudo das características macroestruturais da formação de sprays de óleo vegetal de soja in natura em um atomizador utilizado em motores diesel em condições de pressão semelhantes às de um motor. Para isso foi montada uma bancada que é constituída de uma câmara pressurizada projetada e fabricada para simular as mesmas condições de massa específica do ar obtidas dentro da câmara de combustão do motor ciclo diesel no instante do início da injeção do combustível. Também é dotada de um sistema de injeção de combustível projetado para que as pressões de funcionamento do conjunto porta injetor mecânico utilizado fosse atingido. O registro da formação do spray é realizado por meio de uma câmara de alta velocidade e alta taxa de aquisição de imagens, como o qual é possível avaliar o comportamento dos jatos de óleo de soja e óleo diesel quanto a distância de quebra, penetração da ponta, velocidade e ângulo de abertura de spray. Das propriedades físico-químicas do óleo vegetal de soja, a que mais se destaca com relação às propriedades do óleo diesel é a viscosidade, que para os líquidos utilizados nesse trabalho foi verificado que é aproximadamente 15 vezes maior que a viscosidade do óleo diesel. Essa grande diferença nas mesmas condições de temperatura produziram resultados de atomização bem distinta entre os líquidos e verifica-se a necessidade de modificação de mais parâmetros do que somente a densidade do gás para que a atomização seja mais próxima do óleo diesel e o óleo vegetal in natura possa ser utilizado nos motores, pois os regimes de atomização observados condizem com o previsto considerando as propriedades dos dois óleos nas condições testadas. / The use of vegetable oils as fuel in diesel engines has proven to be viable after several performance studies already developed in several engines and settings, but presenting some restrictions on its continued use, among which stand out the occurrence of engine failures due to over-charred on the head. In Brazil, plenty of vegetable oils is an incentive to carry out studies for the use of these alternative fuels, in this context, this work presents a study of macro-structural characteristics of the formation of vegetable oil sprays soy in kind in an atomizer used in diesel engines into pressure conditions similar to those of an engine. To this it was mounted on a stand which consists of a pressure chamber designed and manufactured to simulate the same conditions of air density obtained within the combustion chamber of the diesel engine cycle at the time of start of fuel injection. It is also equipped with a fuel injection system designed for operating pressures of the whole mechanical door gun used was reached. The record of the formation of the spray is carried out by means of a camera high speed and high rate of image acquisition, as which it is possible to evaluate the behavior of soybean oil jets and diesel oil as the distance break, tip penetration , speed and spray opening angle. From the physico-chemical properties of vegetable soybean oil, which excels in respect of diesel fuel properties is viscosity, as for liquids used in this work was found that it is approximately 15 times greater than the viscosity of diesel oil. This great difference in the same conditions of temperature produced very different atomization results between the liquid and there is a need for more parameters change than just the density of the gas for atomization is closer to diesel oil and vegetable oil in nature can be used in engines, because atomization schemes observed consistent with the expected considering the properties of both oils under the conditions tested.

Une étude numérique de l’écoulement dans la buse et de l’atomisation primaire en injection Diesel est conduite afin de comprendre le lien entre la géométrie interne de l’injecteur et l’atomisation du carburant. En raison de la complexité des phénomènes impliqués, les effets de compressibilité sont étudiés séparément de ceux liés à la turbulence et à la dynamique tourbillonnaire.Dans une première partie, un modèle à 5 équations pour des écoulements diphasiques à deux espèces est développé et implémenté dans le code IFP-C3D pour analyser les effets de compressibilité sur l’écoulement. Il décrit des mélanges gaz-liquide dont la phase gazeuse est composée de deux espèces : vapeur et gaz non condensable. Le modèle est validé à l’aide de trois cas test très répandus et est appliqué à un injecteur monotrou. Les résultats sont comparés à des données expérimentales, confirmant que le modèle est capable de reproduire la formation de vapeur et la détente de l’air. Dans une seconde partie, l’impact de la géométrie de la buse sur la génération de turbulence, sur la dynamique tourbillonnaire et sur l’atomisation primaire est étudié sous l’hypothèse d’un écoulement incompressible. Large-Eddy Simulation est employée pour simuler l’écoulement dans la buse et proche de sa sortie.La méthodologie employée consiste à comparer des géométries de buse se distinguant par des paramètres de conception très tranchés. Les résultats montrent que l’atomisation du carburant dans la zone d’atomisation primaire est le résultat de un phénomène de haute fréquence engendré par des tourbillons détachés, et un phénomène de basse fréquence causé par filaments tourbillonnaires. Les interactions complexes entre ces tourbillons impactent le type d’atomisation, la stabilité du spray et la taille des gouttes. Il est conclu qu’en agissant sur ces deux types de tourbillons, il est envisageable de contrôler dans certaines limites la dynamique du spray. / Numerical study of nozzle flow and primary breakup in Diesel injection is conducted in order to understand the link between injector geometry and fuel atomization. Owing to the complex physical processes involved, flow compressibility effects are studied separately from turbulence and vortex dynamics.In a first part, a 5-Equation model for two-phase, two-species flows is developed and implemented in the IFP-C3D code to analyze the flow behavior under compressibility effects. It is intended for liquid-gas mixtures where the gas phase is composed of two species, vapor and noncondensable gas. The model is validated against three well-known test cases and is applied to a single hole injector. The results are compared with available experimental and numerical data, showing that it is able to successfully predict vapor formation and air expansion. In a second part, the impact of nozzle geometry on turbulence generation, vortex dynamics and primary breakup is studied assuming incompressible flow. Large-Eddy Simulation is used to simulate the flow inside the nozzle and close to its exit.The investigation strategy consists of comparing different geometries with contrasting design parameters. The results show that fuel atomization in the primary breakup region is driven by a high frequency event triggered by shed vortices, and a low frequency event caused by large string vortices. The complex interaction between them determines the breakup pattern, the spray stability and the size of ligaments and droplets. In view of the results, it is concluded that acting on these two structures makes it possible to control the dynamics of the spray to some extent.

<div>Strict emissions regulations are mandated by the environmental protection agency (EPA) to reduce emission of greenhouse gases and criteria air pollutants from diesel engines, which are widely used in commercial vehicles. A ten-fold reduction in allowable heavy-duty on-road oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions are projected to be enforced by 2024. The need to meet these emission regulations, along with consumer demand for better fuel efficiency, has resulted in greater effort towards cleaner and more efficient diesel engines.</div><div><br></div><div><div>Diesel engine aftertreatment systems are effective in reducing engine-out emissions, but only at catalyst bed temperatures above 200°C. The aftertreatment system needs to be quickly warmed up to its efficient operating temperatures, and maintain elevated temperatures in a fuel-efficient manner, which is a challenge using conventional engine strategies. This study details the use of advanced gas-exchange management, via variable valve actuation, to improve both `warm-up' and `stay-warm' aftertreatment thermal management.</div></div><div><br></div><div><div>Fast initial warm-up of the aftertreatment system, following a cold engine start, is enabled by strategies such as early exhaust valve opening (EEVO), internal exhaust gas recirculation (iEGR) and late intake valve closure (LIVC). Steady state and drive cycle results of a combination of EEVO and iEGR at idle operation, and a combination of EEVO and LIVC at off-idle conditions below 7.6 bar BMEP, are presented. It is demonstrated that ~ 150°C higher steady state temperatures are achieved at idle, and up to 10.1% reduction in predicted tailpipe-out NOx is achieved at 3.1% fuel penalty over the heavy-duty federal test procedure (HD-FTP) drive cycle.</div></div><div><br></div><div><div>Fuel-efficient `stay-warm' aftertreatment thermal management is demonstrated to be effectively achieved via cylinder deactivation (CDA), to reduce fuel consumption, elevate engine-outlet temperatures and reduce exhaust flow rates at idle and low load engine operation. Implementation of CDA at idle and low loads below 3 bar BMEP is demonstrated to achieve fuel savings of 4% over the HD-FTP drive cycle, while maintaining similar levels of tailpipe-out NOx emissions. It is demonstrated that lower air flow during CDA at, and near, idle operation does not compromise the transient torque/power capabilities of the engine- a key nding in enabling the practical implementation of CDA in diesel engines.</div></div><div><br></div><div><div>Some of the practical challenges expected with CDA are studied in detail, and alternate strategies addressing the challenges are introduced. Dynamic cylinder activation (DCA) is introduced as a means to enable greater control over the torsional vibration characteristics of the engine, via selection of appropriate ring patterns, while maintaining similar performance and emissions as xed CDA. A generic strategy to use CDA and an appropriate DCA strategy to operate away from driveline resonant frequencies at different engine speeds is described. Ventilated cylinder cutout (VCC) is introduced as a means to potentially mitigate oil accumulation concerns during CDA, by ventilating the non-ring cylinders to the intake/exhaust manifold(s) by opening the intake/exhaust valves during all the four strokes of the engine cycle. The fuel efficiency and thermal management performance of VCC is assessed for different ventilation congurations and compared with CDA and baseline engine operation.</div></div>

Higher atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) such as carbon dioxide and methane has contributed to an increase in Earth's mean surface air temperature and caused climate changes. This largely reflects the increase in global energy consumption, which is heavily dependent on oil, natural gas, and coal. If not controlled, the combustion of these fossil fuels can also produce high levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and soot emissions, which adversely affect the air quality. New and extremely challenging fuel efficiency and exhaust emissions regulations are driving the development and optimisation of powertrain technologies as well as the use of low carbon fuels to cost-effectively meet stringent requirements and minimise the transport sector's GHG emissions. In this framework, the dual-fuel combustion has been shown as an effective means to maximise the utilisation of renewable liquid fuels such as ethanol in conventional diesel engines while reducing the levels of NOx and soot emissions. This research has developed strategies to optimise the use of ethanol as a substitute for diesel fuel and improve the effectiveness of dual-fuel combustion in terms of emissions, efficiency, and engine operational cost. Experimental investigations were performed on a single cylinder heavy-duty diesel engine equipped with a high pressure common rail injection system, cooled external exhaust gas recirculation, and a variable valve actuation system. A port fuel injection system was designed and installed, enabling dual-fuel operation with ethanol energy fractions up to 0.83. At low engine loads, in-cylinder control strategies such as the use of a higher residual gas fraction via an intake valve re-opening increased the combustion efficiency (from 87.7% to 95.9%) and the exhaust gas temperature (from 468 K to 531 K). A trade-off between operational cost and NOx reduction capability was assessed at medium loads, where the dual-fuel engine performance was less likely to be affected by combustion inefficiencies and in-cylinder pressure limitations. At high load conditions, a Miller cycle strategy via late intake valve closing decreased the in-cylinder gas temperature during the compression stroke, delaying the autoignition of the ethanol fuel and reducing the levels of in-cylinder pressure rise rate. This allowed for the use of high ethanol energy fractions of up to 0.79. Finally, the overall benefits and limitations of optimised ethanol-diesel dual-fuel combustion were compared against those of conventional diesel combustion. Higher net indicated efficiency (by up to 4.4%) combined with reductions in NOx (by up to 90%) and GHG (by up to 57%) emissions can help generate a viable business case of dual-fuel combustion as a technology for future high efficiency and clean heavy-duty engines.

Com os grandes avanços ocorridos na disponibilização de computadores, existe uma tendência contínua para a utilização de técnicas computacionais auxiliando no projeto de equipamentos de engenharia. Cada vez mais estão se obtendo resultados bastante próximos às condições reais, incluindo a simulação de motores de combustão interna. Neste sentido o presente trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar o escoamento turbulento no processo de admissão de ar em um motor operando em ciclo Diesel. A investigação é focada na determinação da influência do passo de tempo no cálculo do coeficiente de descarga e razão de swirl. Adicionalmente, o campo de velocidades, pressão, energia cinética turbulenta e outros parâmetros são apresentados e analisados, com o objetivo de auxiliar no entendimento da dinâmica envolvida. Essencialmente, dois modelos de turbulência são empregados, juntamente com dois tratamentos de parede. Seus resultados também são confrontados e discutidos. A geometria considerada é de um motor Fiat 1.9 L quatro tempos com duas válvulas. A análise é concentrada em um único cilindro. O pacote computacional utilizado é o Star-cd, e seu aplicativo es-ice. A independência de malha foi obtida, chegando a 1.672.056 volumes. Os resultados são apresentados de duas formas. A primeira delas refere-se a resultados de simulações em regime permanente, realizadas em boa parte por outros autores, com ênfase na determinação do coeficiente de descarga e razão de swirl, estes confrontados com valores experimentais, visando à validação da metodologia. Fica evidente a importância da escolha do modelo de turbulência na simulação de motores de combustão interna, assim como das funções de interpolação utilizadas. Na segunda parte os resultados referem-se a uma análise transiente, considerando o movimento do pistão e válvulas, a 1500 RPM. Observa-se a grande exigência quanto ao passo de tempo requerido no transiente real, ficando demonstrado que para esta velocidade o menor passo de tempo utilizado, 0,05° (5.5555E-6 s), ainda é insuficiente para alguns momentos do ciclo. É possível notar maior influência no coeficiente de descarga do que na razão de swirl, em relação aos passos de tempo utilizados. A forte dependência do modelo de turbulência nos resultados obtidos é mais uma vez confirmada, conforme o esperado, já que as hipóteses sobre a física do fenômeno são diferentes em cada modelo. Os resultados quanto ao tratamento na parede não apresentaram significantes diferenças, quando aplicados junto ao modelo de turbulência k-ω SST. / Considering the increase in the availability of computers, there is a continuing trend toward the use of computational simulation aiding in the design of engineering equipments. Reasonable results, close to the real conditions, are obtained, including the simulation of internal combustion engines. In this way, the present work has the objective of analyzing the turbulent flow in the air intake process of an engine operating in Diesel cycle. The investigation focuses on the determination of the time step in the calculation of the air discharge coefficient and swirl ratio. Additionally, the turbulent kinetic energy, pressure and velocity fields, besides other parameters, are presented and analyzed, with the objective of aiding in the understanding of the involved dynamics. Essentially, two turbulence models are employed, together with two wall treatments. Their results are also confronted and discussed. The considered geometry is a four-stroke, 1.9-L FIAT engine, with two valves. The analysis is concentrated on a single cylinder. The software package used is the Star-cd, and its application es-ice. The mesh independence is carried out, arriving in 1.672.056 volumes. The results are presented in two ways. The first one refers to simulation results of the steady state, also accomplished by other authors, with emphasis in the determination of the discharge coefficient and swirl ratio. These data are confronted with experimental values, aiming to validate the applied methodology. The importance of the choice of the turbulent model becomes evident in the simulation of internal combustion engines, as well as the interpolation functions used. In the second part the results refer to a transient analysis, considering the valves and piston movement, at 1500 rpm. It is observed the great demand on time step required is observed for the real transient, demonstrating that, for this speed, the smallest time step used, 0.05º (5.5555E-6 s), is still insufficient for some moments of the cycle. Also regarding the time step, it is possible to notice a greater influence in the discharge coefficient than in the swirl ratio. The strong dependence of the turbulence model on the results is once again confirmed, as expected, since the hypotheses about the physics of the phenomenon are different in each model. The results, regarding the wall treatment, presented no significant differences, when applied together with the SST k-ω turbulence model.

O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a influência sobre o número de swirl e desempenho do motor diesel a partir de cabeçotes fabricados com variação no posicionamento relativo dos dutos de admissão em duas direções perpendiculares. Inicialmente definiu-se que o valor a ser deslocado seria de 1 milímetro, e então para cada combinação entre os dutos de admissão curto e longo deveria ser fabricado um número mínimo de seis cabeçotes para posteriores ensaios em bancada com dinamômetro. Após a fundição fabricar as nove combinações definidas, sendo uma delas com os eixos em suas condições nominais, isto é, sem o deslocamento de um milímetro, obtiveram-se um total de 60 cabeçotes. Os cabeçotes foram então controlados em máquina tridimensional, usinados e montados todos os seus componentes e enviados para a medição do número de swirl em máquina desenvolvida especialmente para este teste. Para cada cabeçote mediu-se o número de swirl duas vezes, e em seguida cada uma das nove combinações foram ensaiadas no mesmo dinamômetro e avaliados os respectivos parâmetros: consumo específico de combustível, curva de torque e emissão de poluentes. Para cada combinação mediu-se a curva de torque duas vezes e mediu-se três vezes o ciclo de emissões com treze pontos (ESC). Nos resultados de swirl, três combinações apresentaram-se fora dos limites da tolerância, uma abaixo do mínimo da tolerância em 22,7% e as outras duas além do máximo da tolerância em respectivamente 18,2% e 17,8%. Nos resultados de dinamômetro, nenhuma combinação se apresentou fora dos limites estabelecidos para o modelo de motor ensaiado nos seguintes parâmetros: consumo específico de combustível, torque e emissões de CO, HC, MP e NOx. / The main purpose of this work is to evaluate the influence on the swirl number and the engine diesel performance based on cylinder heads produced with variation on relative positioning of inlet ports in two perpendicular directions. Firstly, it was defined that the value to be displaced would be 1 millimeter, and then for each combination between the short and the long inlet ports should be produced a minimum of six cylinder heads for further testing on the dynamometer. After the foundry production of the defined nine combinations, one of them having the axis in their nominal positions, i.e. without the displacement of 1 millimeter, a total of 60 cylinder heads were obtained. These cylinder heads were measured in a tridimensional machine, machined and all of their components were assembled and their swirl number were measured in the machine developed specially for this method. For each cylinder head the swirl number was measured twice and after that all nine combinations were performed at the same dynamometer and the following parameters were evaluated: fuel consumption, torque curve and pollutants emission. For each combination the torque curve was measured twice and the thirteen point\'s emissions cycle (ESC) was measured three times. Concerning the swirl results, three combinations ended up out of the tolerance limits, one of them as 22,7% below the minimum tolerance and the other two as 18,2% and 17,8% respectively over the maximum tolerance. Regarding the dynamometer results, no combination ended up out of defined tolerances for the kind of engine tested in the following parameters: fuel consumption specific, torque and emissions of CO, HC, PM and NOx.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-05-07T16:35:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Josimar Souza Rosa.pdf: 2316699 bytes, checksum: 10b8be8bf5285234719e629c53ebeb82 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T16:35:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Josimar Souza Rosa.pdf: 2316699 bytes, checksum: 10b8be8bf5285234719e629c53ebeb82 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-21 / Nenhuma / Este trabalho buscou analisar o funcionamento de um motor de combustão interna (ciclo Diesel) operando com misturas parciais de óleo diesel com gás natural veicular, e óleo de soja com gás natural veicular. Os ensaios foram realizados em um motor Agrale modelo M90, monocilíndrico, acoplado a um alternador, tendo como carga um banco de resistências. A análise realizada contemplou o desempenho em termos de consumo de combustível, potência e emissões gasosas de óxidos de nitrogênio, dióxidos de enxofre, monóxido de carbono, entre outros gases, bem como a análise da opacidade da fumaça. Os resultados mostraram que é viável a utilização de gás natural em motores ciclo Diesel sem remoção do sistema de injeção de diesel original, representando uma considerável redução nas emissões específicas dos óxidos de nitrogênio, sem perda de potência, porém resultando em combustão incompleta em altos percentuais de substituição de combustível líquido por gasoso. De maneira geral o melhor resultado em relação à eficiência foi possível com percentual de substituição de 43,7% de diesel por gás natural, no qual o conjunto motor gerador apresentou rendimento aproximado de 33,17%. A opacidade da fumaça emitida pelo motor foi reduzida significativamente quando funcionou em modo bi-combustível tanto com diesel e gás natural como óleo de soja e gás natural. / This study aims to analyze the operation of an internal combustion engine (diesel cycle) with partial mixtures of diesel oil and natural gas, and oil vegetable soybean and natural gas. The tests were carry in an engine Agrale model M90, monocilynder, coupled to alternator, and which charged a bank of resistors load. The analyses include performance fuel consumption, power and gas emissions of nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxides, carbon monoxide, and other gases, as well the analysis of the smoke opacity. Results showed that it is feasible to use natural gas in diesel cycle engines without removing the original diesel injection system, generating a considerable reduction in specific emissions of nitrogen oxides, without loss of Power, but resulting in incomplete combustion at high percentages replacement of liquid fuel for natural gas. Generally, the Best result for efficiency was possible with replacement percentage of 43,7% of diesel per natural gas, when the generation setting showed efficiency equal at 33,17%. The smoke opacity was reduced significantly when operated in dual fuel both diesel and natural gas as soybean oil and natural gas.