Over the last decade there has been a rapid development of United States quick service restaurant companies such as KFC and McDonalds in China. Increasingly urban Chinese consumers patronize these restaurants as a way to experience American culture. For some it is becoming a part of their eating pattern. Recent health studies have demonstrated that nutritional diseases are increasing in China. This study accessed urban Chinese consumers' perceptions about U.S. quick service restaurants and their knowledge about the nutritional value that U.S. quick service food can provide. This study revealed that Chinese consumers' perceptions and knowledge about U.S. quick service impacts their patronage. Additionally, the study determined correlation between consumer patronage and reported health status as well as consumers' length of patronage negative influence on their health status. The results of this study will help U.S. quick service restaurants in educating consumers on nutrition and improving the menus.

Based on the consideration of variation in diet habits and food sources among respondents, two different FFQs- FFQ-BS and FFQ-HK---were developed for use in the two mainland cities and in Hong Kong. / Developing and validating new dietary assessment methods such as food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) is necessary for the Chinese population. China has conducted 4 nation-wide nutrition and health surveys since 1959. However, a brief semi-quantitative FFQ was not used until in the 2002 Chinese Nutrition and Health Survey. Meanwhile, the telephone interview is a very practical and respected tool, making surveys more rapid and cost-effective and adopted in many health surveys in other countries, but yet not in China. Under these circumstances the author chose the development of these dietary assessment methods for the Chinese population as the research interest. / For the FFQ-BS, paired t-tests showed that the mean daily calcium intake was 591.7 mg measured by the FFQ-BS and 582.9 mg by 24-hour recall (P=0.6), with no significant difference found. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) / Paired-sample t-tests, Pearson's correlation coefficients, Intraclass Correlation Coefficients and Bland-Altman measure of Agreement were used in the agreement assessments. / The overall goal of this study was to identify, test, and evaluate valid, reliable food frequency and telephone methods of collecting and processing Chinese dietary intake information, and analyze and disseminate survey results. / The subjects were 334 healthy women aged 20--49, recruited from Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong during June--July 2002. Three dietary intake survey waves one month apart were conducted by trained interviewers using a calcium-specific FFQ. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups, with each receiving either a telephone or in-person interview during the first wave interview. The randomization allowed a cross-over design through the three interview waves. The 50% of subjects (n=171) receiving the in-person interview first additionally was administered a 24-hour dietary recall interview following each FFQ. / The validity of the FFQs was assessed by comparing results with those of 3-day dietary recalls as a reference method, and the reliability assessment was performed by comparing two administrations of FFQs. / We attempted to reach the above goal by carrying out a comprehensive dietary survey comparing two administration modes (telephone and in-person) and two dietary intake assessment tools (FFQ and 24-hour recall). / by Li Ying. / "May 2005." / Adviser: Georgia S. Guldan. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-01, Section: B, page: 0186. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-158). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Graduation date: 1933

Lee Kit-ha. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 56-64). / Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese. / Lee Kit-ha. / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.i / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.viii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Role of Recess --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.1.1 --- Pro-recess Arguments --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.1.2 --- Anti-recess Arguments --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Under Utilization of the Recess --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- The Recess in Hong Kong and Other Settings --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2 --- Purpose of the Study --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3 --- Theoretical Framework --- p.8 / Chapter 1.4 --- Operational Definition --- p.9 / Chapter 1.5 --- Significance of the Study --- p.10 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Review of Literatures --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1 --- Values of Participating in Physical Activity --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Health Benefits --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Psychological Aspects --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Social-Intellectual Development --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2 --- School Environmental Variables that may Influence Children's Physical Activity --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Physical Environmental Influences --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Social Environmental Influences --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Observed Behaviors during Recess --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3 --- Time and Place for Physical Activity in School --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4 --- Physical Activity of Children in School --- p.18 / Chapter 2.5 --- Summary --- p.21 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Methodology --- p.22 / Chapter 3.1 --- Participants --- p.22 / Chapter 3.2 --- Instrumentation --- p.23 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- "Measures of Physical Activity, Eating Behavior, and Related Environmental Events" --- p.23 / Chapter 3.2.1.1 --- Behaviors of Eating and Activity for Children's Health Evaluation System (BEACHES) --- p.23 / Chapter 3.2.1.2 --- Reliability and Validity of BEACHES --- p.27 / Chapter 3.2.1.3 --- "Observer Reliability (observer training , interobserver and intraobserver agreement scores)" --- p.27 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Measures of Physical Environmental Variables --- p.28 / Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- Environmental Inventory --- p.28 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Measures of Social Environmental Variables --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Situational Interview --- p.29 / Chapter 3.3 --- Observation Procedure --- p.29 / Chapter 3.4 --- Analysis of Data --- p.30 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- Results --- p.31 / Chapter 4.1 --- Results of BEACHES Variables --- p.32 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Physical Activity Levels --- p.32 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- School Types Comparison --- p.34 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Gender Comparison --- p.35 / Chapter 4.2 --- Relationship Between Physical Activity and Other Variables --- p.36 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Physical Location and Physical Activity --- p.36 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Prompts and Physical Activity --- p.37 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Recess Duration and Physical Activity --- p.38 / Chapter 4.3 --- Relationship Between Ingestion Behavior and Social Interactors --- p.38 / Chapter 4.4 --- Situational Interviews with Teachers --- p.39 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- Discussion --- p.41 / Chapter 5.1 --- Physical Activity and Ingestion Behaviors of Children --- p.42 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Physical Activity Behaviors --- p.42 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Physical Activity Levels and Recess duration --- p.43 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Ingestion Behaviors - --- p.43 / Chapter 5.2 --- Variables that Influence Physical Activity of Children --- p.44 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Social Environmental Variables --- p.44 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Gender Differences in Physical Activity --- p.46 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Physical Environmental Variables --- p.47 / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- Conclusion and Recommendations --- p.52 / Chapter 6.1 --- Conclusion --- p.52 / Chapter 6.2 --- Recommendation --- p.53 / References --- p.56 / Appendices --- p.65