Introdução Atualmente a osteoporose é a doença mais freqüente do metabolismo ósseo. Diversos nutrientes estão relacionados com a massa óssea, com destaque para o cálcio e a vitamina D. Apesar de 80 a 90% dos estoques de vitamina D serem provenientes da síntese cutânea, estudos mostram que mesmo em países ensolarados a deficiência de vitamina D é muito comum. Considerando que a dieta da população brasileira tem se mostrado muitas vezes inadequada com relação ao consumo do cálcio e vitamina D, a suplementação desses componentes pode ser necessária em indivíduos que apresentam alterações no metabolismo do cálcio e osso. Objetivo Avaliar o efeito da suplementação de cálcio e vitamina D em marcadores bioquímicos do metabolismo ósseo de mulheres na pós-menopausa com osteoporose. Métodos Esta dissertação é composta por 2 estudos: revisão sobre cálcio dietético e estudo de intervenção. Para revisão foram selecionados artigos publicados no Medline e Scielo nos últimos 10 anos, incluindo estudos realizados no Brasil. O estudo de intervenção foi do tipo ensaio clínico randomizado e controlado, pelo período de 90 dias. Foram avaliadas 64 mulheres com osteoporose na pós-menopausa randomizadas em dois grupos: Grupo 1 - Suplementação de cálcio (1200mg/dia) e vitamina D3 (400UI ou 10g/dia); Grupo 2 Controle. No início do estudo foi realizada a densitometria óssea (DXA) para diagnóstico da osteoporose e avaliação da composição corporal. Dados coletados no início e final do estudo incluiram: registro alimentar de 3 dias para avaliação da ingestão alimentar e soro para realização de exames bioquímicos (cálcio, fósforo, magnésio, PTH, 25(OH)D e BAP). Resultados O estudo de revisão descreveu fatores relacionados ao baixo consumo de cálcio como: hábito alimentar e alto custo dos alimentos. Como estratégias para melhorar o consumo destacam-se: esclarecer a população sobre a importância do nutriete; aumentar a disponibilidade; e o uso de suplementos em situações específicas. No estudo intervenção observou-se reduzido consumo de cálcio e vitamina D em mais de 90% das participantes. Além disso, 91,4% das participantes apresentaram vitamina D sérica consideradas sub-ótimas para saúde óssea. As concentrações séricas da 25(OH)D aumentaram significantemente (p=0,023) após 3 meses de suplementação. Porém, a dose utilizada apresentou efeito limitado uma vez que 86,2% do grupo suplementação não atingiu concentrações ótimas da 25(OH)D. Conclusão Considerando ingestão insuficiente de cálcio, bem como sua importância para a saúde óssea, estratégias nutricionais devem ser implementadas. A suplementação de cálcio e vitamina D elevou os níveis séricos da 25(OHD entretanto, a dose utilizada não foi suficiente para atingir as concentrações ótimas para manter a saúde óssea. / Background Osteoporosis is the most frequent disease of bone metabolism. Several nutrients are related to bone mass; the micronutrients of greatest importance are calcium and vitamin D. Although sunlight exposure is responsible for 80-90% of vitamin D storages, numerous studies conducted in sunny countries have observed a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency. Considering that, there is a significant proportion of the Brazilian population failing to achieve the recommended dietary calcium and vitamin D intakes, supplementation can be necessary for individuals with alterations on bone metabolism. Objective Evaluate the effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone metabolism in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Methods The present dissertation is composed of 2 studies: a review focuses on the dietary calcium and a clinical trial. For the review, articles published in Medline and Scielo in the past ten years were selected, including Brazilian studies. For the intervention, a 3-month controlled clinical trial with 64 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis was done. They were randomly assigned to either the supplement group, who received 1200mg of calcium and 400IU (10g) of vitamin D3, or the control group. Dietary intake assessment was performed, bone mineral density and body composition were measured, and blood was analyzed. At baseline, bone mineral density and body composition were measured by DXA, dietary data were collected and blood was analyzed (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, PTH, 25(OH)D and BAP). At the end of the study, another blood exam and dietary intake assessment was performed. Results The review article aimed to described factors that can influence calcium absorption, the main methods used for evaluating calcium absorption and bioavailability, and strategies to optimize calcium intake. In the clinical trial, considering all participants at baseline, more than 90% of the subjects presented low calcium and vitamin D intakes. Besides, 91.4% of the participants presented sub-optimal vitamin D status (<75nmol/l). The concentration of serum 25(OH)D increased significantly (p=0.023) after 3 months of supplementation. However, the dose given was limited in effect, and 86.2% of the supplement group did not reach optimal levels of 25(OH)D. Conclusion in view of the low calcium intake, and the importance of this nutrient to bone health, nutritional strategies must be implemented. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation increased serum 25(OH)D, however the dose given (400IU/d) was not enough to achieve 25(OH)D concentration consider optimal for bone health.

The aim of this thesis was to determine the consumption of nutritional supplements of sporting public. For processing were used methods of content analysis, synthesis and method of questioning. By the method of content analysis was studied available literature, and internet resources, focusing on nutritional supplements and concepts associated with it. By means of content synthesis was prepared a literature search, where was split and describe the means of support and legislation associated with them. A questionnaire was prepared, which makes it possible to obtain the necessary data from the sporting public. In April 2014 was conducted electronic survey - data collection. The questionnaire was made public through the pages docs.google.com and was placed on the social network Facebook. After almost 2 weeks we obtain 105 questionnaires of, which was used to evaluate all 105. We found that most are used in sports nutrition supplements to accelerate the regeneration and then supplements for joint nutrition.

Introdução Atualmente a osteoporose é a doença mais freqüente do metabolismo ósseo. Diversos nutrientes estão relacionados com a massa óssea, com destaque para o cálcio e a vitamina D. Apesar de 80 a 90% dos estoques de vitamina D serem provenientes da síntese cutânea, estudos mostram que mesmo em países ensolarados a deficiência de vitamina D é muito comum. Considerando que a dieta da população brasileira tem se mostrado muitas vezes inadequada com relação ao consumo do cálcio e vitamina D, a suplementação desses componentes pode ser necessária em indivíduos que apresentam alterações no metabolismo do cálcio e osso. Objetivo Avaliar o efeito da suplementação de cálcio e vitamina D em marcadores bioquímicos do metabolismo ósseo de mulheres na pós-menopausa com osteoporose. Métodos Esta dissertação é composta por 2 estudos: revisão sobre cálcio dietético e estudo de intervenção. Para revisão foram selecionados artigos publicados no Medline e Scielo nos últimos 10 anos, incluindo estudos realizados no Brasil. O estudo de intervenção foi do tipo ensaio clínico randomizado e controlado, pelo período de 90 dias. Foram avaliadas 64 mulheres com osteoporose na pós-menopausa randomizadas em dois grupos: Grupo 1 - Suplementação de cálcio (1200mg/dia) e vitamina D3 (400UI ou 10g/dia); Grupo 2 Controle. No início do estudo foi realizada a densitometria óssea (DXA) para diagnóstico da osteoporose e avaliação da composição corporal. Dados coletados no início e final do estudo incluiram: registro alimentar de 3 dias para avaliação da ingestão alimentar e soro para realização de exames bioquímicos (cálcio, fósforo, magnésio, PTH, 25(OH)D e BAP). Resultados O estudo de revisão descreveu fatores relacionados ao baixo consumo de cálcio como: hábito alimentar e alto custo dos alimentos. Como estratégias para melhorar o consumo destacam-se: esclarecer a população sobre a importância do nutriete; aumentar a disponibilidade; e o uso de suplementos em situações específicas. No estudo intervenção observou-se reduzido consumo de cálcio e vitamina D em mais de 90% das participantes. Além disso, 91,4% das participantes apresentaram vitamina D sérica consideradas sub-ótimas para saúde óssea. As concentrações séricas da 25(OH)D aumentaram significantemente (p=0,023) após 3 meses de suplementação. Porém, a dose utilizada apresentou efeito limitado uma vez que 86,2% do grupo suplementação não atingiu concentrações ótimas da 25(OH)D. Conclusão Considerando ingestão insuficiente de cálcio, bem como sua importância para a saúde óssea, estratégias nutricionais devem ser implementadas. A suplementação de cálcio e vitamina D elevou os níveis séricos da 25(OHD entretanto, a dose utilizada não foi suficiente para atingir as concentrações ótimas para manter a saúde óssea. / Background Osteoporosis is the most frequent disease of bone metabolism. Several nutrients are related to bone mass; the micronutrients of greatest importance are calcium and vitamin D. Although sunlight exposure is responsible for 80-90% of vitamin D storages, numerous studies conducted in sunny countries have observed a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency. Considering that, there is a significant proportion of the Brazilian population failing to achieve the recommended dietary calcium and vitamin D intakes, supplementation can be necessary for individuals with alterations on bone metabolism. Objective Evaluate the effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone metabolism in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Methods The present dissertation is composed of 2 studies: a review focuses on the dietary calcium and a clinical trial. For the review, articles published in Medline and Scielo in the past ten years were selected, including Brazilian studies. For the intervention, a 3-month controlled clinical trial with 64 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis was done. They were randomly assigned to either the supplement group, who received 1200mg of calcium and 400IU (10g) of vitamin D3, or the control group. Dietary intake assessment was performed, bone mineral density and body composition were measured, and blood was analyzed. At baseline, bone mineral density and body composition were measured by DXA, dietary data were collected and blood was analyzed (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, PTH, 25(OH)D and BAP). At the end of the study, another blood exam and dietary intake assessment was performed. Results The review article aimed to described factors that can influence calcium absorption, the main methods used for evaluating calcium absorption and bioavailability, and strategies to optimize calcium intake. In the clinical trial, considering all participants at baseline, more than 90% of the subjects presented low calcium and vitamin D intakes. Besides, 91.4% of the participants presented sub-optimal vitamin D status (<75nmol/l). The concentration of serum 25(OH)D increased significantly (p=0.023) after 3 months of supplementation. However, the dose given was limited in effect, and 86.2% of the supplement group did not reach optimal levels of 25(OH)D. Conclusion in view of the low calcium intake, and the importance of this nutrient to bone health, nutritional strategies must be implemented. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation increased serum 25(OH)D, however the dose given (400IU/d) was not enough to achieve 25(OH)D concentration consider optimal for bone health.

Diploma thesis analysis shopping behavior of consumers, which dependence on three bases of determinants that are specified by company Walmark PLC. Secondary goal is setting of conclusions and specifications of marketing recommendations, which are based on found informations.

<p>Inadequate nutrition in childhood can inhibit optimal growth and development, and is also associated with increased risk of chronic diseases later in life. Children living in households with limited financial resources may face a number of challenges to meet nutrient needs through unhealthy eating patterns, which may lead to health inequalities throughout the life-course. Therefore, improving low-income children’s diet would be an effective strategy for their health promotion and disease prevention, and potentially for narrowing health inequalities. The essential step for an efficient intervention would be to identify the unique nutrition risk that low-income children have. Therefore, the overarching aim of research in this dissertation was to identify nutrition risk of U.S. infants and children with low income or food insecurity, or participating in federal nutrition assistance programs using data from nationally representative surveys. An additional aim was to assess whether the inclusion of micronutrient intake from dietary supplements impacts micronutrient inadequacy in children. </p><p>For low-income infants and young children up to the age of 5 years, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides tailored food packages to improve dietary intake that may be inadequate due to economic constraints. Therefore, it is expected that nutrient intake of WIC participants would be more like those of higher-income nonparticipants and higher than those of lower-income nonparticipants who are likely to be eligible for WIC. The results from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study 2016 data analysis supported the hypothesis for several nutrients of concern, although WIC participants were more likely to exceed the recommended limits for sodium and added sugars compared to higher-income nonparticipants. However, higher-income nonparticipants were more likely to use dietary supplements than both WIC participants and lower-income nonparticipants, which can impact total nutrient intake (i.e., nutrient intake from all sources). </p><p>Systematic differences in dietary supplement use by income and WIC participation were also observed in a nationally representative sample of children aged 18 years and younger from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Dietary supplement use was lower among children in low-income families compared to those in higher-income families. Among children in low-income families, those participating in WIC were less likely to use dietary supplements compared to nonparticipants. In addition, food insecurity and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation were associated with lower use of dietary supplements. Overall, one-third of children used any dietary supplements, mostly multivitamin-minerals, with primary motivations for use as “improve” or “maintain” health. </p><p>The following analysis of the 2011-2014 NHANES data showed that the inclusion of dietary supplements in nutrient intake assessments may lead to wider disparities in dietary intake by food security. This study also demonstrated the dose-response relationship between food security status and mean adequacy ratio, a summary measure of micronutrient adequacy. The mean adequacy ratio, inclusive of dietary supplements, was the highest in high food-security group (mean of 0.77), lower in marginal and low food security group (mean of 0.74), and the lowest in very low food security group (mean of 0.66), based on classification by food security among household children. However, the mean adequacy ratio does not reflect the usual intake (i.e., a long-term, habitual intake). </p><p>Therefore, another analysis of the 2011-2016 NHANES data estimated total usual nutrient intake of U.S. children 18 years and younger by food security status, using the National Cancer Institute method that adjusts for random error by statistical modeling. The results suggested that food insecurity was associated with higher risks of inadequate intakes for some nutrients, such as vitamins D and E and magnesium among boys and girls and vitamin A and calcium among girls only. Poor overall dietary quality and excessive sodium intake were of concern, regardless of food security status. </p><p>Collectively, the results from the studies in this dissertation add value to the evidence base about the adverse association of low income level and food insecurity status with dietary intake and extend the finding to include nutrient intakes from dietary supplements, which widens the disparity in nutrition risk. These findings highlight a need for interventions to reduce nutrient inadequacies and improve dietary quality among children across all socioeconomic levels, but especially among those with low income or food insecurity.</p><div><br></div>

No description available.

No description available.

Contexte: L'utilisation de suppléments alimentaires est répandue chez les populations américaines et canadiennes en général, mais on en sait peu sur la consommation de suppléments alimentaires dans la population autochtone canadienne. Objectif: L'objectif général de cette étude est de prendre en compte l'utilisation de suppléments alimentaires dans l'évaluation nutritionnelle des apports alimentaires des adultes des Premières nations vivant dans les réserves en Colombie-Britannique et Manitoba. Conception: Les données ont été recueillies par l’étude ‘First Nations Food, Nutrition, and Environment Study’ de 1103 (Colombie-Britannique) et 706 (Manitoba) adultes des Premières Nations âgés de 19 à 70 ans. L'étude a utilisé un rappel alimentaire des dernières 24 heures (avec un deuxième rappel pour un sous-échantillon) pour évaluer la diète alimentaire. L'utilisation de suppléments alimentaires et des antiacides ont été recueillis par un questionnaire de fréquence. En utilisant le logiciel SIDE pour tenir compte des variations intra-individuelles dans la prise alimentaire et la technique du bootstrap pour obtenir des estimations représentatives des différentes régions, l'utilisation de suppléments de la vitamine A, D, C et de calcium ont été intégrées aux estimations de la consommation alimentaire. Résultats: Environ 30% des adultes des Premières Nations de la Colombie-Britannique et seulement 13,2% des adultes des Premières Nations du Manitoba âgés entre 19-70 ans vivant dans les réserves ont déclaré utiliser au moins un supplément alimentaire durant les 30 jours précédents. Lors de l'examen des nutriments d'intérêt, un plus faible pourcentage de la population en a fait usage, de 14,8 à 18,5% en Colombie-Britannique et de 4,9 à 8% de la population du Manitoba. La prévalence de l'usage de tout supplément alimentaire était plus élevée chez les femmes que chez les hommes dans tous les groupes d'âge et augmente avec l'âge dans les deux sexes. La plus forte prévalence d'un apport insuffisant provenant de la nourriture a été observée pour la vitamine D et le calcium en Colombie-Britannique et Manitoba, variant de 75 à 100%, et de la vitamine A dans le Manitoba (73-96%). Après avoir examiné l'utilisation de suppléments alimentaires, plus des trois quarts des participants n’ont toujours pas réussi à répondre au besoin moyen estimatif pour ces nutriments. La vitamine C est l'oligo-élément avec le plus faible pourcentage sous le besoin moyen estimatif (avec au sans suppléments) pour la Colombie-Britannique et le Manitoba. Conclusion: La majorité des adultes des Premières nations de la Colombie-Britannique et du Manitoba, même après prise en compte de l'utilisation de suppléments alimentaires, avaient des apports en vitamines A, D et des apports de calcium sous les niveaux recommandés. L'utilisation de compléments alimentaires n'a pas contribué de façon significative à l'apport total en nutriments sélectionnés sauf pour la vitamine C dans certains groupes d'âge. / Background: The use of dietary supplements is prevalent among general US and Canadian populations; however, little is known about consumption of nutritional supplements among the Canadian Aboriginal population. Objective: The overall goal of this study was to integrate supplement use into dietary intake for the assessment of nutritional adequacy in British Columbia and Manitoba First Nation adults living on reserve. Design: Data were collected by the First Nations Food, Nutrition, and Environment Study from 1103 BC and 706 MA First Nation adults aged 19-70 years old. The study used 24-hour food recalls (with a second recall in a subsample) to assess diet. Dietary supplement and antacid use were collected by a frequency questionnaire. Using SIDE software to account for intra-individual variation in food intake and bootstrap weights to obtain regionally representative estimates, vitamin A, D, C, and calcium supplement use were incorporated to food intake estimates. Results: About 30% of British Columbia and only 13.2% of Manitoba First Nation people aged 19-70 y living on reserve reported use of at least one dietary supplement within the prior 30 days. When considering the nutrients of interest, a smaller percentage of the populations took them varying from nutrient to nutrient from 14.8 to 18.5% in British Columbia and from 4.9 to 8% in Manitoba population. The prevalence of use of any dietary supplement was higher among women than men in all age groups and increased with age in both genders. The highest prevalence of inadequate intakes from food alone was observed for vitamin D and calcium in both British Columbia and Manitoba varying from 75 to 100%, and for vitamin A in Manitoba (73-96%). After considering the use of dietary supplements, more than three fourth of participants still failed to meet the EAR for these nutrients. Vitamin C was the micronutrient with the lowest percentage of BC and Manitoba participants bellow the EAR with or without supplements consumption.

No description available.

<p>In our first study, we explored the barriers to complying with iron supplement recommendations using focus groups. We recruited adults, ages 18-75 years, who have had bariatric surgery at least two months previously to participate in one of four 90-minute focus groups. Participants filled out a survey asking for information on demographics and supplement use, and a facilitator asked a set of pre-determined questions to each group. Responses were written, recorded, transcribed using TranscribeMe (San Francisco CA), and analyzed using NVivo (QSR International Pty Ltd, Doncaster, Victoria). The focus groups contained nineteen participants, five of which had sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and fourteen had Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The average age of the participants was 49.3 ± 9.4 years, and they had undergone surgery 3.9 ± 3.6 years previously. The key factors that influenced participants’ adherence to supplement guidelines were cost, tolerability, and palatability of the supplement, level of knowledge and support from healthcare providers, and convenience of the supplementation regime.</p> <p>The second study was a prospective observational study to determine the bioavailability of ASP compared to FS. Iron deficient RYGB patients ages 18-65 years, who had surgery at least 6 months previously, participated in 8-hour iron absorption tests. Participants received a low-iron breakfast with 65 mg ASP (N=7) or FS (N=3). We assessed serum iron every 30 minutes for 8 hours following the supplementation using a colorimetric assay (South Bend Medical Foundation, South Bend, IN). In participants administered FS, serum iron increased 96.0 ± 27.2 µg/dL compared to baseline, whereas with ASP, serum iron increased 5.8 ± 4.7 µg/dL compared to baseline (<i>P</i> = 0.02). These data indicate that ASP is not as bioavailable as FS in RYGB patients.</p>