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Sales and usage of dietary supplements have significantly risen in recent years, bringing along various health risks such as liver damage and adverse effects on cardiovascular health. In Sweden, dietary supplements are classified as regular foods under Swedish law and are subject to monitoring by local municipalities. This study aimed to examine how Swedish municipalities oversee the regulation of dietary supplements, while also investigating differences between larger and smaller municipalities. Data were collected through a web-based questionnaire comprising nineteen questions. The questionary covered topics including general supervision practices, inspection frequency at facilities, and knowledge levels concerning different dietary supplement products. The questionary achieved a response rate of 56% (163 out of 290). Among the respondents, 95% were involved in the supervision of dietary supplements, 80% had established plans, and 67% had implemented specific policies. A majority of the stores were inspected every three years, with some receiving annual inspections. Respondents' overall knowledge level was considered moderate, with significant disparities between larger and smaller municipalities. While most municipalities are actively engaged in regulating dietary supplements, there are still certain deficiencies in their management practices. The inspection frequency of most municipalities inspected facilities based on the Swedish Food Agency's risk classification model. Knowledge levels regarding dietary supplements among municipalities are generally satisfactory, though notable discrepancies exist between large, medium-sized, and small municipalities.

The present investigation was carried out in the rural community La Rinconada, located in the canton Ibarra of the province of Imbabura. The field work was developed during 12 months. Previous activities were developed to the rehearsal like socialization of the program; training in areas of: poscosecha of grains, alfalfa cultivation and systems of growth of guinea pigs. The rehearsal lasted 70 days and it was developed in the property of three families of the community. The formulation of diets balanced based on grains of waste of corn, wheat and barley for the growth and increment of weight of guinea pigs, it was the main objective from the investigation. The rehearsal was carried out with 84 weaned male guinea pigs of the improved Creole type, acquired in a farm of guinea pigs, of the province of the Carchi. It was used, experimental design of complete blocks at random (DBCA) with a factorial arrangement A x B + 1 and three repetitions. The factor A it was conformed by three formulations of balanced. The balanced 1 (B1) had as protein source the soy cake, the balanced 2 (B2) had as protein source the bean and the balanced 3 (B3) had as protein source the pea. The factor B it was conformed by two forage types : alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), forage 1 (F1) and the mixture forager pastures and boil of the community forage (F2). The witness treatment T7, was the traditional feeding of guinea pigs, in the community. Was used: kitchen waste, crop waste and boil and pastures of the community. The treatments were seven : T1 (Balanced 1 + alfalfa), T2 (Balanced 1 + pastures and boil of the community), T3 (Balanced 2 + alfalfa), T4 (Balanced 2 + pastures and boil of the community), T5 (Balanced 3 + alfalfa), T6 (Balanced 3 + pastures and boil of the community) and T7 witness treatment (traditional feeding). The evaluated variables were consumption of dry matter, increase of biweekly weight, nutritious conversion, mortality and production costs. The experimental unit was conformed by four weaned male guinea pigs. Of the obtained results it concludes that the Balanced 1 and Balanced 3 were the best. The mixture foragers, pastures and boil of the community presented superior results to those of the alfalfa . The treatment witness (traditional feeding of the community) it is not advisable, the guinea pigs didn't reach characteristic of weight and commercialization or for reproduction. For the results of increment of weight, nutritious conversion, production costs and access to the matters cousins, are recommended to use the diet of the treatment T6 (Balanced 3 + pastures and boil of the community) in the feeding of guinea pigs, in the rural sector of the Andean region of the Ecuador.

In many countries, the health and the development of a great number of people are compromised by the insufficient distribution of micro-nutrients. The deficiency of iron is one of the things that to a large extent contributes to the high rates of death and maternal and childhood mortality, affecting also a great percentage of school aged children. Bolivia, along with the majority of underdeveloped countries, presents high prevalence of anemia in the students. Recent studies confirm that anemia nutrients are a problem of public health of great magnitude to rural and urban level (Fernández et al, 1994). Before this situation the project to UNITE - UMSA through a diagnosis carried out in Viacha (Prov. Ingavi - La Paz) in 1996 on the eating situation and nutrition of families determined that the food sources of iron consumption dropped, for which one of the recommendations of said study was to carry out interventions such as to supplement and to fortify food with iron. In that context, the need to distribute a school breakfast constituted by a food (api or flour of purple corn) fortified with iron has been seen and to measure the effect that has the consumption of that food on the nutritional state of iron in the students. The api is a food that can be fortified with iron, apart from having a good contribution of energy, it is accessible economically to the population of the altiplano Bolivian and is preferred for the children. The distribution of the api fortified with iron would be able to reduce the prevalence of anemia in the students of the rural area. The present study, will measure the effect of the consumption of api fortified with iron on the iron deficiency anemia of the students of the rural area of the region altiplánica Irpa Small, province Ingavi of the department of La Paz.

The usage of dietary supplements has increased in the last decades and it’s getting more common to sell them online on websites in Sweden. Information about dietary supplements is not allowed to be misleading. Companies that sell them are for example not allowed to say that their products alleviate diseases. This study aimed to find out the health risks with dietary supplements online and see how often medical claims are stated on websites. The method used was controlling websites that sell dietary supplements to find medical claims. Also analyzing reports from a Swedish municipalities control done on companies that sell dietary supplements online. The results showed that medical claims appeared on 73% of the controlled websites. It was not possible to ensure any differences for the study’s selected categories on the websites. It was clear according to the study that consumers can be misled with misleading claims or lacking information, which can lead to health risks. Incorrect information can lead to children ingesting dietary supplements and having allergic reactions, as well as overdosing on dietary supplements, which can lead to liver damage. Medical claims can vary in severity but claims that say to reduce various diseases are considered risky as dietary supplements can be taken instead of medicine. This can make an illness or inflammation worse and cause unnecessary suffering. The result showed that buying dietary supplements online does not lead to such great health risks in general.

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Data were analyzed that had been collected for a project entitled "Identification of Infants at Risk for the Development of Obesity" by the staff of the Human Nutrition and Foods, and Family and Child Development Departments at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. There were 156 subjects contacted to participate in the study. Demographic variables were collected and reported on each infant. Dietary Data were collected through means of a 24-hour dietary recall, bimonthly for 1 year. The data were analyzed using the Computer Assisted Instructional Program RCALL (Va. Coop. Exten. Ser., 1975). Vitamins A and C, riboflavin, niacin and iron were analyzed further to obtain bivariate joint frequency distributions and chi-squares. It was found that regardless of whether or not there was nutrient supplementation of an infant's diet, there were often excesses in nutrient intake. It was also found that breast fed infants (in the first 5 to 7 months of life) were supplemented significantly more often than formula fed infants but groups were not mutually exclusive throughout the study and further data could not be obtained so the effect of supplementation was not examined. Implications and recommendations for heal th education in the area of pediatric nutrition are discussed. Recommendations for further study are made based on this study. / M.S.

Project (B.S.)--James Madison University, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references.