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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / Objective: To evaluate the effect of exercise (EXE) alone or exercise combined with dietary supplements (EXE-SUPPL) on body composition and physical performance in subjects 60 years and older with sarcopenic obesity. Methods: A systematic review was carried out of studies identified through five search engines up to April 15, 2018. We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating EXE or EXE-SUPPL in elderly individuals with sarcopenic obesity for at least six weeks. Primary outcomes were percentage of body fat mass, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, and hand grip strength. Random effects meta-analyses with the inverse variance method were used to evaluate the effects of interventions on outcomes. Effects were expressed as mean differences (MD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane tool. Results: Nine papers reporting seven RCTs (with a total of 558 participants) were included in the review. EXE alone and EXE-SUPPL increased grip strength (MD 1.30 kg; 95% CI 0.58–2.01), gait speed (MD 0.05 m/s; 95% CI 0.03–0.07) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (MD 0.40 kg; 95% CI 0.18–0.63). EXE alone and EXE-SUPPL reduced waist circumference (MD −1,40 cm; 95% CI −1.99 to −0.81), total fat mass (MD −1,77 kg; 95% CI −2.49 to −1.04), and trunk fat mass (MD −0.82 kg; 95% CI −1.22 to −0.42). Conclusion: EXE alone and EXE-SUPPL improved muscle-related outcomes and reduced fat-related outcomes in subjects with sarcopenic obesity. There is a need for better-designed RCTs with systematic assessment of both different exercise regimes and dietary supplements in sarcopenic obese subjects. / Revisión por pares

Lutein is a principal constituent of the human macular pigment. This study is composed of two projects. The first studies the conformational geometries of lutein and its potential adaptability in biological systems. The second is a study of the response of human subjects to lutein supplements. Using semi-empirical parametric method 3 (PM3) and density functional theory with the B3LYP/6-31G* basis set, the relative energies of s-cis conformers of lutein were determined. All 512 s-cis conformers were calculated with PM3. A smaller, representative group was also studied using density functional theory. PM3 results were correlated systematically to B3LYP values and this enables the results to be calibrated. The relative energies of the conformers range from 1-30 kcal/mole, and many are dynamically accessible at normal temperatures. Four commercial formulations containing lutein were studied. The serum and macular pigment (MP) responses of human subjects to these lutein supplements with doses of 9 or 20 mg/day were measured, relative to a placebo, over a six month period. In each instance, lutein levels in serum increased and correlated with MP increases. The results demonstrate that responses are significantly dependent upon formulation and that components other than lutein have an important influence serum response.

Objective: The research sought to evaluate seven drug information resources, specifically designed for analyzing drug interactions for scope, completeness, and ease of use, and determine the consistency of content among the seven resources. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted where 100 drug-drug and drug-dietary supplement interactions were analyzed using 7 drug information resources: Lexicomp Interactions module, Micromedex Drug Interactions, Clinical Pharmacology Drug Interaction Report, Facts & Comparisons eAnswers, Stockley's Drug Interactions (10th edition), Drug Interactions Analysis and Management (2014), and Drug Interaction Facts (2015). The interaction sample was developed based on published resources and peer input. Two independent reviewers gathered data for each interaction from each of the 7 resources using a common form. Results: Eighty-two drug-drug and 18 drug-dietary supplement interactions were analyzed. Scope scores were higher for Lexicomp Interactions (97.0%), Clinical Pharmacology Drug Interaction Report (97.0%), and Micromedex Drug Interactions (93.0%) compared to all other resources (p<0.05 for each comparison). Overall completeness scores were higher for Micromedex Drug Interactions (median 5, interquartile range [IQR] 4 to 5) compared to all other resources (p<0.01 for each comparison) and were higher for Lexicomp Interactions (median 4, IQR 4 to 5), Facts & Comparisons eAnswers (median 4, IQR 4 to 5), and Drug Interaction Facts (4, IQR 4 to 5) compared to all other resources, except Micromedex (p<0.05 for each comparison). Ease of use, in terms of time to locate information and time to gather information, was similar among resources. Consistency score was higher for Micromedex (69.9%) compared to all other resources (p<0.05 for each comparison). Conclusions: Clinical Pharmacology Drug Interaction Report, Lexicomp Interactions, and Micromedex Drug Interactions scored highest in scope. Micromedex Drug Interactions and Lexicomp Interactions scored highest in completeness. Consistency scores were overall low, but Micromedex Drug Interactions was the highest.

Le Stress Oxydant (SO) est bien connu pour être impliqué dans la survenue et le développement des complications du diabète. Il est causé, au moins en partie, par une élévation importante de la glycémie. Chez les sujets diabétiques, lathérapie par l’insuline est vitale et constitue la pierre angulaire de la thérapie. Mais elle ne permet pas d’éviter à long terme l’apparition de complications, résultant du SO induit par les épisodes hyperglycémiques persistants.Chez le sujet sain, des prises en charge nutritionnelles et/ou par l’activité physique ont démontré avec succès leur capacité à diminuer le SO. L’activité physique bien conduite présente de plus l’avantage d’exercer un effet glucorégulateur.L’objectif de ces travaux de thèse était donc de déterminer si l’association de différentes prises en charge pouvait permettre de mieux lutter contre le SO, en agissant par des mécanismes complémentaires, démontrant alors des effetsadditifs. En s’appuyant sur différents protocoles de supplémentation, de traitement à l’insuline et/ou d’entraînement en endurance, nos travaux ont mis en évidence démontré l’intérêt d’un composé alimentaire dérivé du soja, le PFS, dansla prise en charge du SO associé audiabète. Nos travaux ont également mis en évidence que l’insuline et l’entraînement en endurance améliorait le SO induit par l’hyperglycémie, via des mécanismes partiellement différents. Leur association dans la prise en charge du diabète leur permet de potentialiser mutuellement leurs effets respectifs / Oxidant stress (OS) is well known to contribute to the onset and the development of diabetic complications. OS mainly result from marked rises in blood glucose level. Insulin treatment is required to keep patients alive, but fails to prevent long term complications progression, which result from hyperglycemic induced OS.In healthy people, diet and/or physical activity succeed to significantly reduce OS. Physical activity exhibit moreover glucoregulatory properties.Consequently, the aim of this thesis was to determine if combination of some therapeutic managements could better counteract OS, acting by complementary mechanisms, and so demonstrating additional effects. We used different protocols of supplementation, insulin therapy and endurance training to achieve these objectives. Our research demonstrated the value of soy derived compound, FSP, in management of diabetes-induced OS. We highlighted the abillity of insulin therapy and endurance training to improve hyperglycemic-induced OS, by differents mechanisms. Combination of both in therapeutic management of diabetes allow then to improve each other

“Cartas al editor” / Revisión por pares

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Orientador: Jaime Amaya Farfan / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T23:55:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lollo_PabloChristianoBarboza_D.pdf: 1703113 bytes, checksum: 420e19e11b5feb4766bf0be0c9076acc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Em situacoes especiais e desejavel estimular o anabolismo e reduzir o catabolismo. As proteinas do soro de leite apresentam excelente balanco de aminoacidos para o anabolismo. A suplementacao com L-leucina vem sendo relacionada a inibicao do catabolismo e ao estimulo do anabolismo, assim como o exercicio fisico. Na busca de estrategias para estimular o anabolismo e reduzir o catabolismo, optou-se por estudar o efeito combinado do consumo de proteinas do soro lacteo e a suplementacao com L-leucina, aliados ao exercicio fisico. Objetivo: verificar o efeito dose-resposta da suplementacao com L-leucina na composicao corporal, ganho de massa corporal, parametros bioquimicos e ativacao da proteina mTOR de ratos Wistar, consumindo proteinas do soro de leite (PSL), quando submetidos ao exercicio. Metodologia: 96 ratos machos Wistar foram divididos em 16 grupos recebendo dieta AIN93 com PSL ou caseina (C) como fonte proteica, com 3, 4.5, ou 6% de suplementacao de L-leucina, exercitados e sedentarios, a saber: a) n=6, exercitados, dieta AIN93 com PSL (PSL E); b) n=6, exercitados dieta AIN93 com PSL + 3% de L-leucina; (PSL L3 E); c) n=6, exercitados, dieta AIN93 com PSL + 4,5% de L-leucina (PSL L4.5 E) e d) n=6, exercitados, dieta AIN93 com PSL + 6% de L-leucina (PSL L6 E). Para cada grupo exercitado houve um grupo controle sedentario e o mesmo desenho experimental foi repetido, com grupos sedentarios e exercitados, alterando somente a fonte proteica da dieta para caseina que foi a proteina controle. Foram analisados: ingestao alimentar; evolucao ponderal; perfil de aminoacidos plasmaticos; composicao corporal dos animais; atividades de CK, LDH, AST ALT e mTOR (muscular, cardiaca e diafragmatica), acido urico, creatinina e massa relativizada do gastrocnemio, coracao e diafragma, tudo em funcao da dieta e da atividade fisica. Para analise estatistica foi utilizado o software SPSS, versao 11.0 for Windows para analise de variancia ¿ ANOVA ¿ utilizando o criterio de significancia de p = 0,05, com teste post-hoc de Tukey. Resultados: A ativacao da via mTOR ocorreu com suplementacao de L-L-leucina em ambas dietas por 30 dias no coracao, diafragma e grastrocnemio dos ratos sedentarios e exercitados. Indicadores gerais de saude, nao pareceram alterados, exceto insulina e glicose, que demosntraram anormalidades nos animais sedentarios com altas doses de Lleucina. O ganho de massa corporal foi significativamente menor nos animais submetidos a suplementacao com 6% de L-L-leucina. As enzimas de prova hepatica (TGO e TGP) mantiveram-se em niveis plasmaticos normais, assim como os indicadores de prova renal (acido urico e creatinina) nao indicando dano renal com a suplementacao descrita. Conclusão: A via mTOR foi ativada no coracao, diafragma e musculo dos animais suplementados com L-L-leucina. A maior dose utilizada (6%) prejudicou o crescimento, niveis de glicose e insulina dos animais / Abstract: In both animals and humans L-L-leucine can activate protein synthesis in skeletal muscle by mTOR thus stimulating body growth. Currently, however, it is not clear if heart tissue is also subject to the same regulatory mechanism of protein synthesis. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess heart mTOR activation, heart mass, growth and liver function in young Wistar rats fed standard AIN93-G diet supplemented with L-L-leucine at three levels. Methods: Ninety-six weanling male Wistar rats were divided into sixteen groups and fed one of the following diets for 30 days: a) Control (AIN 93-G); b) 3% (AIN93-G +3% L-L-leucine); c) 4,5% (AIN93-G +4,5% L-L-leucine); d) 6% (AIN93- G +6% L-L-leucine). Modified AIN 93-G diets containing whey protein instead of casein performed another 4 groups completing 8 sedentary groups, another set of 8 groups was trained, with the total of 16 groups. The supplemented diets, energy was adjusted at the expense of carbohydrate. mTOR pathway was quantified by Westernblot analysis. Serum insulin, uric acid, glucose, AST, ALT, and cardiac mass, total and body mass-adjusted protein were determined by standard methods. ANOVA and pos-hoc Duncan were applied to compare the means (significance p<0.05). Results: mTOR activation (phosphorylated mTOR/ total mTOR) was reached with L-L-leucine supplementation in heart, diaphragm and gastrocnemius. General health indicators did not show significant modifications except for glucose and insulin levels, which increased compared to control group. Supplementation did not adversely affect liver function as determined by AST, ALT, but body mass in the 6% group was significantly lower than that of the 4.5% group, showing a negative effect of the highest dose on body mass accretion. Either absolute heart mass or adjusted heart mass showed no difference between any two groups. Conclusion: mTOR activities of heart, diaphragm and gastrocnemius of Wistar rats were increased by supplementing the AIN 93-G diet with L-L-leucine, loss of the body mass and abnormalities in insulin and glucose levels were shown in 6% of L-L-leucine supplementation. Even the 6% supplementation did not alter liver function, but this concentration adversely affected normal growth / Doutorado / Nutrição Experimental e Aplicada à Tecnologia de Alimentos / Doutor em Alimentos e Nutrição

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