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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The problem of connectivity: A sociological study of the problem of connectedness of nationally produced science and national needs in Saudi Arabia

Assuliman, Abdusslam Wail Y. 30 May 2007 (has links)
This study is to investigate the problem of connectivity between nationally produced science and national needs. It is a collective case study of two academic departments within Saudi academia, the departments of petroleum engineering at Alpha and Beta Universities. The rationale for using these departments is that Saudi Arabia has an advanced petroleum industry, making petroleum engineering a good case for investigating the connectivity of nationally produced science with national needs. The main tool of the study was in-depth tape-recorded interviews. Twenty-two interviews were conducted, sixteen with current and retired faculty members at the petroleum engineering departments of Alpha and Beta and six with administrators at both universities. In addition, documents and observation were used as tools. The two departments differ in their levels of connectivity with national industry. One is increasingly connected with national industry, while the other is completely isolated from national industry. Historical and regulatory factors play a role in this difference. Four themes were generated from the data: institutional arrangements, positive attitude and self confidence, social construction of the university, and rentier mentality. The data gathered show that the issue of connectivity is beyond the will and abilities of individual scientists; it is a result of organizational efforts of the scientific institutions reinforced by the willingness of the productive sectors to change their behavior toward national scientists. / Ph. D.
2

Uso racional de medicamentos na odontologia: conhecimentos, percepções e práticas.

Figueiredo, Renata Rodrigues de January 2009 (has links)
p. 1-108 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-23T20:22:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 33333as.pdf: 519659 bytes, checksum: be3e7a0f9508655ecf7c45122cb44744 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva(mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-05-04T16:55:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 33333as.pdf: 519659 bytes, checksum: be3e7a0f9508655ecf7c45122cb44744 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-04T16:55:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 33333as.pdf: 519659 bytes, checksum: be3e7a0f9508655ecf7c45122cb44744 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / O cirurgião-dentista faz uso de medicamentos comumente na prática clínica e devem-se observar critérios preconizados pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) para seu uso racional. Estudos apontam vários problemas no uso de medicamentos pelo cirurgião-dentista e que em geral está mal preparado para indicação e prescrição de fármacos para seus pacientes. Desta forma, é importante análise de seus conhecimentos, percepções e práticas sobre uso de medicamentos, sendo que o estudo objetivou descrever a percepção de cirurgiões-dentistas sobre medicamentos quanto ao uso racional, as fontes de informação utilizadas e a influência da propaganda na prescrição. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com abordagem qualitativa, com coleta de dados realizada no Distrito Federal, por meio de entrevista individual, orientada por um roteiro semi-estruturado, com dez informantes-chave selecionados de acordo com fatores que podem estar relacionados a diferentes práticas e percepções. Para a análise de conteúdo dos dados obtidos pela pesquisa de campo foi utilizada a técnica de análise temática. Os resultados mostraram que os entrevistados consideram seus conhecimentos sobre terapêutica medicamentosa insuficientes para uma correta e segura prescrição. Foi observado que o entendimento sobre uso racional de medicamentos é limitado, se confunde com a decisão de utilizar os medicamentos somente quando necessário, sendo que seus preceitos foram parcialmente observados. A prescrição da dose correta foi a mais relacionada ao uso racional; o uso do medicamento apropriado às necessidades clínicas foi resumido à indicação certa e precisa; o tempo adequado de tratamento foi pouco destacado; e apenas um entrevistado relacionou o menor custo ao uso racional de medicamentos. Todos entrevistados desconhecem a proposta da OMS para o uso racional de medicamentos, bem como estratégias, intervenções e instrumentos para a promoção do uso racional de medicamentos, o que restringe a participação na formulação destas políticas e a efetivação do uso racional de medicamentos na odontologia. A fonte de informação sobre medicamentos mais utilizada pelos cirurgiões-dentistas é o Dicionário de Especialidades Farmacêuticas, seguida por pesquisas em sites de busca na Internet e livros didáticos. Está presente a percepção da influência das estratégias promocionais da indústria farmacêutica na prescrição odontológica, principalmente pela divulgação de medicamentos novos por meio dos representantes da indústria farmacêutica, diante da distribuição de amostras grátis, pela distribuição de receituários prontos e no oferecimento de vantagens. A sensibilização, a rápida prescrição e o uso amplamente difundido entre os cirurgiões-dentistas dos antiinflamatórios inibidores seletivos da COX-2 foram atribuídos diretamente à influência da propaganda da indústria farmacêutica na prescrição dontológica. O estudo demonstrou dependência das informações fornecidas pela indústria farmacêutica para conhecimento e atualização profissional sobre medicamentos. É necessário o estabelecimento de uma política de comunicação, bem como ações de informação e educação acerca dos aspectos envolvidos no uso racional de medicamentos junto aos cirurgiões-dentistas. É preciso intensificar a regulação e fiscalização sobre a propaganda de medicamentos; que disponibilize aos cirurgiões-dentistas fontes de informação independentes sobre medicamentos; desenvolver ações que estimulem atitude crítica sobre as informações fornecidas pela indústria farmacêutica e a conduta baseada em evidências científicas; e estabelecer uma política de inclusão destes profissionais prescritores para o uso racional de medicamentos. / Salvador
3

La conservation du patrimoine de l'industrie textile en Alsace entre matérialité, immatérialité et virtualité : quels enjeux ? Quelles trajectoires ? / Conservation of the textile heritage in Alsace between materiality, immateriality, virtuality : what issues ? what paths ?

Fiesinger-Lelièvre, Virginie 25 November 2013 (has links)
L'Alsace a été profondément marquée par l'industrie textile. Depuis près de deux siècles, cet héritage se compose, se transmet puis se démantèle avec les taux de croissance structurels et conjoncturels de l'économie et les crises industrielles. Puis, il se recompose de manières arbitraire, hasardeuse, voire opportune (au-delà de la rationalité plus ou moins assurée de stratégie(s) à court terme), pour former de ce fait un paysage culturel, scientifique, technique et industriel unique à chaque instant. Il est alors tout à fait légitime de se demander comment mettre en mémoire l'évolution de ce tissu industriel ans toute sa complexité ? Trois modes de conservation sont potentiellement exploitables : matérielle (concept de la rétro-présence à la néo-présence), immatérielle (concept de mémo-rétroconstruction) et virtuelle (concept d'aréel, favorisant clairement la prise de position sur des contenus matériels e immatériels à sauvegarder). Même si toutes ces possibilités coexistent, un problème reste entier : quelle trajectoire se dessine pour la conservation du patrimoine de l'industrie textile en Alsace ? La littérature sur la conservation du patrimoine industriel existante depuis les années 1970 tend à délaisser les relations d'interdépendances existantes entre ces trois modes de conservation. Le peu de résultats disponibles ne permet pas d'apprécier ce que pourrait nous apporter une bonne gestion de ces trois modes de conservation combinés. Ce travail de recherche s'est donné comme objectif de proposer des schémas possibles pour définir un nouveau modèle de conservation, basé sur l'exemple du patrimoine industriel textile en Alsace. La première partie de cette étude explique les processus qui ont permis le passage de l'industrie textile en Alsace au statut de patrimoine. Des choix guidés par des pouvoirs discrétionnaires, des logiques de conservation opposables, une discontinuité de ligne de conduite sur des courtes et longues périodes, de réoccupations parfois plus électoralistes que scientifiques, des désengagements d'hommes de responsabilités ou encore le manque de cohérence entre les acteurs ou les institutions... ont orienté la stratégie de la politique de conservation d'une région. Quel état des lieux peut-on dresser aujourd'hui grâce aux sources historiques ? Quels enjeux se profilent à court, moyen et long terme ? La seconde partie pose les mêmes questions, mais cette fois-ci en recherchant les réponses par l'exploitation exclusive de sources médiatiques. Elle interroge la pertinence des processus actuels de conservation du patrimoine de l'industrie textile, qu'ils soient matériel, immatériel ou virtuel avec un regard complémentaire à la première partie de cette étude, celui des journalistes, de la représentation publique et politique. Les sciences de l'information et de la communication apportent-elles de nouveaux horizons à la conservation de patrimoine ? Oui, mais pas seulement. Elles ne se limitent pas au rôle d'outils, mais nous verrons comment elles ont un rôle déterminant dans la reconstruction un patrimoine : elles se mettent collectivement en mouvement avec la société pour la définir, en exploitant tous les sens accumulés dans les sèmes liés au patrimoine industriel textile. Elles reconstituent ainsi une référence collective et formulent des hypothèses de transformation, d'adaptation et de projections futures. Nous verrons alors s'il est envisageable de leur réserver un rôle dans la conservation du patrimoine.La troisième partie met en évidence des convergences et les divergences des trois modes de conservation. Elle propose des solutions concrètes pour l'Alsace, puis des concepts transposables pour ouvrir ce nouveaux processus de conservation vers d'autres régions françaises ou pourquoi pas vers d'autre thématiques. / Alsace has been profoundly marked by the textile industry. For two centuries, its textile heritage has experienced numerous fluctuations, rising and falling according to the structural and cyclical growth rate of the economy and to industrial crises. Fluctuations that, though completely random and uncontrollable (strategies, even short-term, cannot be implemented), have occurred in a timely manner, thus giving rise to constantly changing unique cultural, scientific, technical and industrial landscape.It is thus only right to wonder how the memory of the development of this industrial fabric can be preserved in all its complexity? There are three possible means of preservation: material (retro-presence to neo presence concept), immaterial (concept of memo-retroconstruction) and virtual (concept of what is "areal", clearly promoting position take-up on material and immaterial concepts to be protected). Even if all these possibilities exist side by side, one problem remains unanswered, namely what is the outlook for the preservation of the textile heritage in Alsace? The literature on preservation of industrial heritage available since the 1970s tends to overlook the existing relationships of interdependence between these three modes of preservation. The shortage of results does not allow us to appraise the potential offered by proper management of a combination of these three modes of preservation. This research work thus aims to propose some possible schemes to define a new preservation model, based on the example of the textile industrial heritage in Alsace. The first part of this study explains the processes that have allowed the textile industry in Alsace to accede to heritage status some 200 years ago. Choices guided by discretionary powers, opposable preservation logics, discontinuity in course of action over short and long periods alike, reclaiming more often oriented by lections rather than of a scientific nature, opting-out of those with responsibilities, not to mention the lack of coherence between players and institutions: these are all factors that will guide a Region's preservation policy strategy. What state of affairs can be drawn up today by historical sources? What is the outlook for the future? The second part asks the same questions, but this time seeks for the answers based only on media sources. It questions the pertinence of the current textile heritage preservation processes, material, immaterial and virtual alike, but from a viewpoint different from and complementary to the first part, namely the viewpoint of journalists and public and political contributors. Do communication sciences offer heritage reservation new horizons? Yes they do, but that is not all they offer. We shall see that, far from being mere tool, they play a decisive role in the reconstruction of a heritage, grouping themselves to move with society in order to define it by using all the meanings accumulated in the semes relating to the textile industrial heritage. Through this they form a collective reference, formulating hypotheses for future transformation, adaptation and projections. We shall then see whether it is possible for them to play a role in heritage preservation.The third part highlights the convergences and divergences of the three preservation modes. lt suggest concrete solutions for Alsace, followed by transposable concepts to extend these new preservation processes to other regions in France and, why not, to other areas.

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