This thesis is looking at analysis of current level of digital transformation in companies from two geographical areas: Catalunya and the rest of Spain. In order to compare data obtained in same way, a concept of simple digital index needed to be designed. This index was calculated and used on companies from both geographical areas, followed by further analysis of individual index determinants.

La presente investigación académica busca explicar la influencia entre la transformación digital en la transformación cultural en las empresas del sector financiero en Lima Metropolitana en el 2019. El diseño de la investigación es de tipo no experimental, transeccional, con un enfoque cuantitativo y de correlación. La herramienta utilizada para recabar los datos fue a través de una encuesta de tipo Likert, siendo determinada mediante la confiabilidad del Coeficiente de Alfa de Cronbach, siendo validada por juicio de expertos. La técnica de muestreo aleatorio simple, fue mediante 381 encuestados que laboren el sector financiero de los cuatro bancos más reconocidos a nivel Lima Metropolitana (BCP, BBVA, Interbank y Scotiabank) de una población de 36,033 colaboradores a nivel nacional. En relación a las pruebas estadísticas no paramétricas del Coeficiente de correlación Thau de Kendall (Valor = 0.598) y de Spearman (Valor = 0.747), indica que se tiene una correlación positiva entre ambas variables del presente estudio, la transformación digital y la transformación cultural. / This academic research seeks to explain the influence between digital transformation on cultural transformation in companies in the financial sector in Metropolitan Lima in 2019. The research design is non-experimental, transectional, with a quantitative and correlational approach. The tool identified to collect the data was through a Likert-type survey, being determined by the reliability of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, being validated by expert judgment. The simple random sampling technique was through 381 surveys that worked in the financial sector of the four most recognized banks at the Metropolitan Lima level (BCP, BBVA, Interbank and Scotiabank) of a population of 36,033 collaborators nationwide. In relation to the nonparametric statistical tests of the Kendall Thau Correlation Coefficient (Value = 0.598) and Spearman's Correlation Coefficient (Value = 0.747), it indicates that there is a positive correlation between the variables of the present study, digital transformation and cultural transformation. / Tesis

Esta investigación estudia el proceso de transformación digital y las características del nuevo consumidor que se generan a raíz de la incorporación de la tecnología a los procesos de las empresas. De manera especìfica se analiza el proceso de transformación digital del modelo de negocio de los clasificados laborales Aptitus, el cual pertenece al Grupo El Comercio. Se entrevistó a cinco especialistas entre ellos Gerentes y Sub Gerentes del Grupo El Comercio quienes trabajaron de manera directa con la marca Aptitus y han presenciado los cambios de la marca a raíz de su proceso de digitalización. Los resultados muestran que la marca tuvo que realizar muchos cambios con el objetivo de adaptar su modelo de negocio a lo que el nuevo tipo de consumidor demandaba. Asimismo, se concluye que el consumidor peruano aún es un consumidor en proceso de digitalización. / This research studies the process of digital transformation and the characteristics of the new consumer that become a root of the transformation of technology to business processes. Specifically, the process of digital transformation of the business model of the Aptitus job classifieds, which belongs to the El Comercio Group, is analyzed. Five specialists were interviewed, including Managers and Sub Managers of the El Comercio Group who worked directly with the Aptitus brand and have witnessed the changes of the brand following its digitalization process. The detailed results that the brand had to make many changes in order to adapt its business model to what the new type of consumer demanded. It was also found that the Peruvian consumer is still a consumer in the process of digitalization. / Trabajo de investigación

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Purpose – The purpose is to explore how SMEs can initiate transformation towards AI. The purpose will be fulfilled through identifying which opportunities that exist for SMEs and which challenges they are facing. Additionally, we will identify which requirements are necessary to face these challenges. Method – A qualitative approach was most suitable for this study since the purpose is to explore how SMEs can initiate transformation towards AI. It was also suitable since we have collected data through interviews. We have done a single case study where we have studied one supply chain. Finally, we have had an inductive research approach which means that we have gathered a theoretical background which has founded the base and the background for our study, but our interviews have founded the result of the study and created a conclusion based on that. Findings –The result of the study provides identified opportunities with AI for SMEs, what challenges can occur, and which requirements that are needed to face the challenges. The opportunities are identified as forecasting, maintenance and repair, self-optimization, and tracing and tracking. The identified challenges when initiating transformation towards AI are cultural difficulties, lack of external communication, lack of internal communication, limited internal processes, and lack of resources. The requirements are identified as automation, data, strategy, and capabilities. The opportunities, challenges and requirements are summarized in a framework. Theoretical and Managerial Implications – We have contributed to literature by exploring how an SME, as a mass production company, can benefit from AI by identifying opportunities, challenges, and requirements. Additionally, the framework guides SMEs to prepare for opportunities with AI and ensure that they have all of the requirements. Further, by understanding which requirements that are necessary for a transformation and which challenges that can occur, managers can reduce risk of failing projects. Limitations and Future Research –The number of studied companies together with that the study is a single case study limits the generalizability. It creates a suggestion for future research where a wider set of data can be collected. Additionally, we have identified challenges that can occur, however how companies should face these challenges in the best way is a suggestion for future research.

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Thesis (MTech (Business Information Systems))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019 / The internet, mobile communication, social media, and other digital services have integrated so much into our daily lives and businesses alike. Companies facing digital transformation experience this as exceptionally challenging. While there are several studies that state the importance of digital transformation and how it influences current and future businesses, there is little academic literature available on factors that affect the success or failure of digital transformation in companies. It is unclear what factors affect digital transformation in an established telecommunications company. The aim of this study was therefore to explore the factors that affect digital transformation in a telecommunications company in South Africa, and to what extent. One primary research question was posed, namely: “What factors affect digital transformation in a telecommunications company in South Africa?” To answer the question, a study was conducted at a telecommunications company in South Africa. The researcher adopted a subjective ontological and interpretivist epistemological stance, as the data collected from the participants’ perspective were interpreted to make claims about the truth, and because there are many ways of looking at the phenomena. An inductive approach was selected to enable the researcher to gain in-depth insight into the views and perspective of factors that influence digital transformation in the specific company. The explorative research strategy was used to gain an understanding of the underlying views, reasons, opinions, and thoughts of the 15 participants by means of semi-structured interviews. The participants were made aware that they do not have to answer any question if they are uncomfortable, and they could withdraw their answers at any time. The data collected were transcribed, summarised, and categorised to provide a clear understanding of the data. For this study, 36 findings were identified. From this research, it was inter alia concluded that successful digital transformation of companies depends on how Management drives digital transformation, and the benefits of new digital technologies should be carefully considered when planning to implement digital transformation.

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo proponer una solución de Transformación Digital para una Entidad Estatal, del rubro de procesamiento y difusión de noticias, con el propósito de solucionar un problema de acceso y consulta de la amplia información histórica contenida en microformas, las cuales son necesitadas y requeridas por el Estado y la ciudadanía. El enfoque de la presente propuesta está en el análisis de la organización objetivo, identificando información respecto a su plan estratégico, objetivos estratégicos y procesos, dando énfasis a los procesos que componen la cadena de valor del negocio. Por lo cual, también se analizó los procesos de Tecnologías de la Información (TI) los cuales finalmente soportarán y ejecutarán la implementación de la propuesta de transformación digital. En ese sentido, mediante un análisis y evaluación de los procesos actuales de TI, en base al marco de trabajo COBIT 5 PAM, se identificó el nivel de capacidad actual y la brecha existente para lograr al nivel de capacidad necesario en TI para alinearse con los objetivos estratégicos de la organización. Finalmente, la propuesta es con respecto al proceso “Producción de Microformas con Valor Legal” el cual posee el archivo de todos los diarios producidos desde el año 1825, los cuales en base a soluciones de Cloud Computing y procesamiento a través de algoritmos de Deep Learning, se pondrán a disposición del público a través de herramientas de consulta Web. / The objective of this work is to propose a Digital Transformation solution for a State Entity, in the area of news processing and dissemination, with the purpose of solving a problem of access and consultation of the broad information contained in microforms, which are needed and required by the State and the citizenry. The focus of this proposal is on the analysis of the target organization, identifying information regarding its strategic plan, strategic objectives and processes, emphasizing the processes that make up the business value chain. Therefore, the Information Technology (IT) processes were also analyzed, which will finally support and execute the implementation of the digital transformation proposal. In that sense, through an analysis and evaluation of the current IT processes, based on the COBIT 5 PAM framework, the current capacity level and the existing gap to achieve the necessary IT capacity level to align with the strategic objectives of the organization were identified. Finally, the proposal is with respect to the process "Production of Microforms with Legal Value" which has the file of all the journals produced since 1825, which based on Cloud Computing solutions and processing through Deep Learning algorithms, will be made available to the public through Web consultation tools. / Tesis

El presente proyecto tiene como principal alcance brindar una propuesta de transformación digital a los procesos core de la empresa, asimismo realizar la evaluación del nivel de capacidad de los procesos de TI de la empresa Volta SA bajo el proceso de evaluación de COBIT PAM, los mismos que deben estar alineados a cumplir los objetivos estratégicos de la empresa. En base a la evaluación se determinarán los planes de acción a considerar para llegar al nivel de capacidad objetivo. El desarrollo del proyecto está dividido en 4 capítulos, los cuales serán descritos a continuación. El primer capítulo detalla información del negocio, su estructura, procesos, objetivos estratégicos. Los cuáles serán de base inicial para el desarrollo de los demás capítulos. El segundo capítulo nos presenta el fundamento teórico y base de conocimiento de todo lo considerado en el documento. El tercer capítulo representa la base central del documento, en este capítulo se evaluarán los diferentes procesos de COBIT PAM aplicados a los procesos de TI seleccionados, así como la selección del proceso de negocio candidato para la propuesta de transformación digital. Finalmente, en el cuarto capítulo se reflejará el resultado de la evaluación en donde se podrá apreciar el nivel de capacidad de los procesos TI y se deberá determinar los planes de acción para superar las brechas existentes entre el nivel de capacidad alcanzado y nivel objetivo. / The main scope of this project is to provide a digital transformation proposal to the core processes of the company, also to carry out the evaluation of level of capacity of IT processes of the company Volta SA under the COBIT PAM evaluation process, the same ones that must be aligned to meet strategic objectives of the company. Based on the evaluation, the action plans to be considered to reach the target capacity level will be determined. The development of the project is divided into chapters, which will be described below. The first chapter details business information, structure, processes and strategic objectives. Which will be the initial basis for the development of the other chapters. The second chapter presents the theorical basis and knowledge base of everything considered in the document. The third chapter represents the central basis of the document, in this chapter will be evaluated the different processes of COBIT PAM applied to the selected IT processes, as well as the selection of business process candidate for the digital transformation proposal. Finally, the fourth chapter will reflect the outcome of the evaluation where the capacity level of IT processes can be assessed, and actions plans should be determined to overcome the gaps between the capacity level reached and the target level. / Tesis

Aim: The aim of this study is to understand how digitalization affects on leadership. We investigate how the discussion on digital transformation and leadership has emerged in recent years. Method: This study is based on a single case study connecting a Swedish company called Sandvik. Qualitative research methods have been applied which includes in-depth interviews. Results & Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that digitalization was more or less articulated by the Sandvik managers. Almost all the leaders suggested that digitalization brings new opportunities to their company with the help of which Sandvik got the effective edge on leadership in the digital world. The empirical results show that all the interviewees were in favour of the fact that their organization, leadership, and employees are affected by digitalization. The interviewees believed that their daily life, as well as business-related activities, has been revolutionized by digital transformation. Implications: Managers need to build a situation that will promote the creation of new leaders. Leaders need to make sure that their middle-level managers understand and let them make choices about the core strategy behind the digital transformation. Our theoretical contribution enlists that digitalization was seemed to as an effective and essential driver for promoting effective leadership in an organization.   Suggestions for Future Research: Qualitative studies support us to understand how things operate in reality but it does not completely provide one answer to the research questions. It is difficult to generalize the impact of digitalization on leaders and employees since the situation could be different for other companies. It might have been interesting to compare the situation of digital impact on leaders and employees in different industrial segments in the future. As this research is taken under time bond restrictions, we can develop only a concise and short detail therefore future research should be taken to explore a more clear and concise description of the selected topic.