Eventos de inundação são fenômenos geralmente associados a eventos de chuvas intensas. Nesses eventos a cobertura de nuvens, normalmente, prejudica o mapeamento com uso de imagens ópticas. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar os resultados de mapeamento de áreas de inundação utilizando imagens SAR e SRTM. Para aplicação dos métodos foram analisadas as áreas de inundação nas cidades de Santa Fe e Parana, na Argentina. Embora a maior inundação registrada tenha sido no ano de 2003, registros de inundação são frequentemente observados nas províncias de Santa Fé e Entre Ríos. Foi utilizado imagens do satélite Sentinel-1, equipado com sensor C-SAR com dupla polarização (VV/VH). As imagens obtidas são do tipo Interferométrico (IW) Ground Range Detected (GRDH) com resolução espacial de 10 m. Foram utilizadas imagens em períodos com e sem eventos de inundação entre 2016 e 2017, calibradas e coregistradas. Sobre as imagens foram aplicadas técnicas de limiarização e de análise temporal para mapear a mancha de inundação. Também foi elaborado mapa a partir do Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE) utilizando como referência estações de medição de nível da água dos rios. A validação de todos os métodos foi totalmente remota, baseando-se em um mapeamento da inundação de abril de 2003 na cidade de Santa Fe. Além disso, imagens publicadas de eventos de inundação complementaram a validação e foi possível comparar os resultados com uma imagem óptica Landsat – 8 com resolução de 15 m do dia 22 de fevereiro de 2016, quando o nível do rio Paraná estava acima do nível de alerta Os resultados dos três mapeamentos foram somados para formar uma única imagem com a mancha de inundação em comum. Entre as melhores acurácias, o método de análise do MDE atingiu o melhor resultado, 82% da área de inundação, no entanto, considerando os três métodos, a acurácia atinge mais de 91% de precisão. A técnica de limiarização foi mais eficiente em áreas sem alvos verticais, como áreas urbanas por exemplo. O MDE foi eficiente para simular a inundação em todos os alvos, no entanto em modelos de elevação com melhor resolução, o resultado final do mapeamento será mais preciso. A análise temporal mostrou ser uma técnica promissora para mapeamentos de inundação, no entanto um mapa detalhado de uso de solo é fundamental para aprimorar o resultado desta análise. Todos os processos foram feitos remotamente, possibilitando o desenvolvimento no futuro de um sistema automático para detecção de evento de inundação que pode ser aplicado em áreas com características similares. / Flood events usually go hand in hand with intensive rainfall during which clouds compromise any mapping attempts with optical imagery. Thus, this thesis aims at evaluate the results of mapping flood areas using SAR and SRTM images. For this purpose, flood areas in the cities Santa Fe and Parana in Argentina were analyzed. While the worst flood was registered in 2003, flood events frequently occur in both provinces Santa Fé and Entre Ríos. The employed Sentinel-1 satellite carrying a C-SAR sensor with dual polarization (VV/VH) provided interferometric (IW) Ground Range Detected (GRDH) imagery with a spatial resolution of 10 meters. Images from periods with and without flood events between 2016 and 2017 were calibrated and co-registered. Subsequently on the images were applied threshold and time analysis techniques, as well as a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) analysis with data from stations which measure the rivers’ water levels. The validation of all methods was totally remote, based on a flood mapping of April 2003 in the city of Santa Fe. In addition, published images of flood events complemented the validation and it was possible to compare the results with an optical image Landsat - 8 with 15 m resolution of February 22, 2016, when the level of the Paraná River was above the alert level The three maps were summed to form a single image with the flood spot in common. Among the best accuracy, the MDE analysis method achieved the best result, 82% of the flood area, however, considering all three methods, the accuracy reaches more than 91% accuracy. The thresholding technique was more efficient in areas with no vertical targets, such as urban areas. The DEM was efficient to simulate flooding on all targets, however using elevation models with better resolution, the final result of the mapping will be more accurate. The temporal analysis showed to be a promising technique for flood mapping, however a detailed map of land use is fundamental to improve the results of this analysis. All processes were done remotely, allowing the future development of an automatic flood event detection system that can be applied in areas with similar characteristics.

M. Ing. / Digital Surface Models (DSM) are widely used in the earth sciences for research, visu- alizations, construction etc. In order to generate a DSM for a speci c area, specialized equipment and personnel are always required which leads to a costly and time consuming exercise. Image processing has become a viable processing technique to generate terrain models since the improvements of hardware provided adequate processing power to complete such a task. Digital Surface Models (DSM) can be generated from stereo imagery, usually obtained from a remote sensing platform. The core component of a DSM generating system is the image matching algorithm. Even though there are a variety of algorithms to date which can generate DSMs, it is a computationally complex calculation and does tend to take some time to complete. In order to achieve faster DSMs, an investigation into an alternative processing platform for the generation of terrain models has been done. The Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) is usually used in the gaming industry to manipulate display data and then render it to a computer screen. The architecture is designed to manipulate large amounts of oating point data. The scientic community has begun using the GPU processing power available for technical computing, hence the term, General Purpose computing on a Graphics Processing Unit (GPGPU). The GPU is investigated as alternative processing platform for the image matching procedure since the processing capability of the GPU is so much higher than the CPU but only for a conditioned set of input data. A matching algorithm, derived from the GC3 algorithm has been implemented on both a CPU platform and a GPU platform in order to investigate the viability of a GPU processing alternative. The algorithm makes use of a Normalized Cross Correlation similarity measurement and the geometry of the image acquisition contained in the sensor model to obtain conjugate point matches in the two source images. The results of the investigation indicated an improvement of up to 70% on the processing time required to generate a DSM. The improvements varied from 70% to some cases where the GPU has taken longer to generate the DSM. The accuracy of the automatic DSM generating system could not be clearly determined since only poor quality reference data was available. It is however shown the DSMs generated using both the CPU and GPU platforms relate to the reference data and correlate to each other. The discrepancies between the CPU and the GPU results are low enough to prove the GPU processing is bene cial with neglible drawbacks in terms of accuracy. The GPU will definitely provide superior processing capabilites for DSM generation above a CPU implementation if a matching algorithm is speci cally designed to cater for the bene ts and limitations of the GPU.

Conducting single frame orthorectification on satellite images to create an ortho-image requires four basic components, namely an image, a geometric sensor model, elevation data (for example a digital elevation model (DEM)) and ground control points (GCPs). For this study, orthorectification was executed numerous times (in three stages) and each time components were altered to test the geometric accuracy of the resulting ortho-image. Most notably, the distribution and number of ground control points, the quality of the elevation source and the geometric sensor model or lack thereof were altered. Results were analysed through triangulating and comparing the geolocation accuracy of the ortho-images. The application of these different methods to perform orthorectification encompass the aim of this paper, which was to investigate and compare the positional accuracies of ortho-images under various orthorectification scenarios and provide improved geometric accuracies of VHR satellite imagery when diverse ground control and elevation data sources are available. By investigating the influence that the distribution and number of GCPs and the quality of DEMs have on the positional accuracy of an ortho-image, it became clear that a reasonable increase in the number of uniformly distributed GCPs combined with progressively accurate DEMs will ultimately improve the quality of the orthorectified product. The results also showed that when more GCPs were applied, the smaller the difference in accuracy was between the different DEMs utilised. It was interesting to note that when it is suitable to manually collect well-distributed GCPs using a GPS handheld device over the study area then a very accurate result can be expected. Nonetheless, it is also important to note that if it is not possible/practical to achieve the latter, satellite based GCP collection do provide a very good alternative. It was also determined that utilising GCPs which were extracted from vector road layers to only cover specific areas in the image scene produced less favourable results. Several contributions towards improved orthorectification procedures were made in this study. These include the development of an automatic GCP extraction script (A-GCP-ES), written in the Python scripting language with the purpose to ease the process of manually placing GCPs on an input image when repeatedly performing orthorectification. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology / PhD / Unrestricted

No description available.

<p>Digital elevation models (DEM) can be used for a multitude of applications. Under ideal circumstances, calibration of a remotely acquired estimate of topographic elevation is calibrated through use of ground control points (GCP) which would be ubiquitous, seamlessly joining remotely sensed data and high accuracy check points. In reality there are many areas on the earth’s surface which are difficult, expensive, or dangerous to access. Under these circumstances, the acquisition of GCPs may not be realistic and relative DEMs must be used. Innovative methods must then be used to determine the relative error associated with a DEM in a given study area. The method presented in this paper compares three DEMs (ASTER, CDED, SRTM) derived from independent acquisition systems to determine their relative errors.</p> <p>The ASTER DEM data was chosen for a lineament analysis study in north central Ontario, Canada. This study used a quantitative digital approach to determine the density of lineaments mimicking the geometry of the northern Sudbury Igneous Complex contact (SIC). The study revealed a lineament density at ~25km north of the northern SIC contact, suggesting a ring structure from an ancient multi-ring impact basin. This argument is supported by findings of the pattern of plagioclase clouding intensities in Matachewan dykes in the vicinity of the ring structure. The orientation of the dykes may have some connection to the faulting and block rotation caused by crater wall collapse.</p> <p>Paleomagnetic data from the norite in the SIC and Foy Offset dyke combined with an unconstrained magnetic inversion of the Foy Offset dyke suggest that the Sudbury Structure has not been folded, but instead has been deformed by brittle deformation.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)

The braided rivers and floodplains in the Upper Waitaki Basin (UWB) of the South Island of New Zealand are critical habitats for endangered and threatened fauna such as the black stilt. However, this habitat has degraded due to introduced predators, hydropower operations, and invasive weeds including Russell lupins. While conservation efforts have been made to restore these habitats, flood events may provide a natural mechanism for removal of invasive vegetation and re-creation of natural floodplain habitats. However, little is understood about the hydraulic effects of floods on vegetation and potential mortality in these dynamic systems. Therefore, this thesis analyzed the flood-induced processes that cause lupin mortality in a reach of the Ahuriri River in the UWB, and simulated various sized flood events to assess how and where these processes occurred. To determine the processes that cause lupin mortality, post-flood observations were utilized to develop the hypothesis that flood-induced drag, erosion, sediment deposition, inundation, and trauma were responsible. Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate and quantify these individual processes, and results showed that drag, erosion, sediment deposition and inundation could cause lupin mortality. Utilizing these mortality processes, mortality thresholds of velocity, water depth, inundation duration, and morphologic changes were estimated through data analysis and evaluation of various empirical relationships. Delft3D was the numerical model used to simulate 2-dimensional flood hydraulics in the study-reach and was calibrated in three stages for hydraulics, vegetation, and morphology. Hydraulic calibration was achieved using the study-reach topography captured by Structure-from-Motion (SfM) and various hydraulic data (depth, velocity, and water extent from aerial photographs). Vegetation inclusion in Delft3D was possible utilizing a function called ‘trachytopes’, which represented vegetation roughness and flow resistance and was calibrated utilizing data from a lupin-altered flow conveyance experiment. Morphologic calibration was achieved by simulating an observed near-mean annual flood event (209 m3 s-1) and adjusting the model parameters until the simulated morphologic changes best represented the observed morphologic changes captured by pre- and post-flood SfM digital elevation models. Calibration results showed that hydraulics were well represented, vegetation inclusion often improved the simulated water inundation extent accuracy at high flows, but that local erosion and sediment deposition were difficult to replicate. Simulation of morphological change was expected to be limited due to simplistic bank erosion prediction methods. Nevertheless, the model was considered adequate since simulated total bank erosion was comparable to that observed and realistic river characteristics (riffles, pools, and channel width) were produced. Flood events ranging from the 2- to 500-year flood were simulated with the calibrated model, and lupin mortality was estimated using simulation results with the lupin mortality thresholds. Results showed that various degrees of lupin mortality occurred for the different flood events, but that the dominant mortality processes fluctuated between erosion, drag, and inundation. Sediment deposition-induced mortality was minimal, but was likely under-represented in the modeling due to poor model sediment deposition replication and possibly over-restrictive deposition mortality thresholds. The research presented in this thesis provided greater understanding of how natural flood events restore and preserve the floodplain habitats of the UWB and can be used to aid current and future braided river conservation and restoration efforts.

This study demonstrates the value of historical aerial photographs as a source for monitoring long-term landslide evolution, which can be unlocked by using appropriate photogrammetric methods. The understanding of landslide mechanisms requires extensive data records; a literature review identified quantitative data on surface movements as a key element for their analysis. It is generally acknowledged that, owing to the flexibility and high degree of automation of modern digital photogrammetric techniques, it is possible to derive detailed quantitative data from aerial photographs. In spite of the relative ease of such techniques, there is only scarce research available on data quality that can be achieved using commonly available material, hence the motivation of this study. In two landslide case-studies (the Mam Tor and East Pentwyn landslides) the different types of products were explored, that can be derived from historical aerial photographs. These products comprised geomorphological maps, automatically derived elevation models (DEMs) and displacement vectors. They proved to be useful and sufficiently accurate for monitoring landslide evolution. Comparison with independent survey data showed good consistency, hence validating the techniques used. A wide range of imagery was used in terms of quality, media and format. Analysis of the combined datasets resulted in improvements to the stochastic model and establishment of a relationship between image ground resolution and data accuracy. Undetected systematic effects provided a limiting constraint to the accuracy of the derived data, but the datasets proved insufficient to quantify each factor individually. An important advancement in digital photogrammetry is image matching, which allows automation of various stages of the working chain. However, it appeared that the radiometric quality of historical images may not always assure good results, both for extracting DEMs and vectors using automatic methods. It can be concluded that the photographic archive can provide invaluable data for landslide studies, when modern photogrammetric techniques are being used. As ever, independent and appropriate checks should always be included in any photogrammetric design.

<p>Flooding is one of the most devastating and frequently occurring natural phenomena in the world. Due to the adverse impacts of floods on the life and property of humans, it is crucial to investigate the best flood modeling approaches for delineation of floodplain areas. Conventionally, different hydrodynamic models are used to identify the floodplain areas. However, the high computational cost, and the dependency of these models on detailed input datasets limit their application for large scale floodplain mapping in data-scarce regions. Recently, a new floodplain mapping method based on a hydrogeomorphic feature, named Height Above Nearest Drainage (<i>HAND</i>), has been proposed as a successful alternative for fast and efficient floodplain mapping at the large scale. The overall goal of this study is to improve the performance of <i>HAND</i>-based method by overcoming its current limitations. The main focus will be on extending the application of the <i>HAND</i>-based method to data-scarce environments. To achieve this goal, regionalization techniques are integrated with the floodplain models at the regional and continental scales. Considering these facts, four research objective are established to (1) Develop a regression model to create 100-year floodplain maps at a regional scale (2) Develop a classification framework for creating 100-year floodplain maps for the Contiguous United States (3) Develop a new version of the <i>HAND</i>-based method for creating probabilistic 100-year floodplain maps, and (4) Propose a general regionalization framework for transferring information from data-rich basins to data-scarce environments. </p> <p> </p> <p>In the first objective, the state of North Carolina is selected as the study area, and a regression model is developed to regionalize the available 100-year Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) to the data-scarce regions. The regression model is an exponential equation with three independent variables including the average slope, the average elevation, and the main stream slope of the watershed. The results show that the estimated floodplains are within the expected range of accuracy of C>0.6 and F>0.9 for majority of watersheds located in the mid-altitude regions, but it overpredicts and underpredicts in the flat and mountainous regions respectively. </p> <p> </p> <p>The second objective of this research extends the spatial application of the <i>HAND</i>-based method to the entire United States by proposing a new classification framework. The proposed framework classifies the watersheds into three groups by using seven watershed characteristics related to the topography, climate and land use. The validation results show that the average error of floodplain maps is around 14% which demonstrate the reliability and robustness of the proposed framework for continental floodplain mapping. In addition to the acceptable accuracy, the proposed framework creates the floodplain maps for any watershed within the United States. </p> <p> </p> <p>The <i>HAND</i>-based method is a deterministic modeling approach to floodplain mapping. In the third objective, the probabilistic version of this method is proposed. Using a probabilistic approach to floodplain mapping provides more informative maps. In this study, a flat watershed in the state of Kansas is selected as the case study, and the performance of four probabilistic functions for floodplain mapping is compared. The results show that a linear function with one parameter and a gamma function with two parameters are the best options for this study area. It is also shown that the proposed probabilistic approach can reduce the overpredictions and underpredictions made by the deterministic <i>HAND</i>-based approach. </p> <p> </p> <p>In the fourth objective, a new regionalization framework for transferring the calibrated environmental models to data-scarce regions is proposed. This framework aims to improve the current similarity-based regionalization methods by reducing the subjectivity that exists in the selection of basin descriptors. Using this framework for the probabilistic <i>HAND</i>-based method in the third objective, the floodplains are regionalized for a large set of watersheds in the Central United States. The results show that “vertical component of centroid (or latitude)” is the dominant descriptor of spatial variabilities in the probabilistic floodplain maps. This is an interesting finding which shows how a systematic approach can help to explore the hidden descriptors for regionalization. It is demonstrated that using common methods, such as correlation coefficient calculation, or stepwise regression analysis, will not reveal the critical role of latitude on the spatial variability of floodplains.</p>

A bacia hidrográfica pode ser entendida como um sistema integrado entre todos os seus elementos constituintes, solo, água, vegetação e fauna, onde toda perturbação natural ou antrópica provoca reações na dinâmica natural da bacia, forçando-a a adaptar-se a este novo ambiente. As ações antrópicas estão relacionadas a atividades socioeconômicas, que diante de um planejamento e gestão ambiental inadequados, se dissociam dos aspectos ambientais entrando em conflito com a capacidade de suporte do ecossistema. Diante deste panorama, vários países têm buscado reequilibrar a dinâmica integrada das bacias hidrográficas, incorporando princípios e normas para a gestão e planejamento de recursos hídricos, utilizando a bacia hidrográfica como unidade de gestão e planejamento, além de monitorar os efeitos oriundos do desequilíbrio do sistema. O projeto e planejamento de recursos hídricos, necessita de informações que permitam a avaliação do comportamento hidrológico da bacia. Para isso, é necessário quantificar todas as características morfométricas das bacias, pois, ao se estabelecerem relações e comparações entre tais características e os dados hidrológicos conhecidos, pode-se determinar indiretamente os valores hidrológicos em locais nos quais faltem dados. Comumente, para se iniciar uma análise hidrológica ou ambiental, preliminarmente procede-se a delimitação da bacia hidrográfica, que em até pouco tempo era realizada através de métodos analógicos. Com o advento dos softwares SIG e da representação digital do relevo a partir de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto, tornou-se possível automatizar esta tarefa. A partir disso, buscou-se com este trabalho elaborar uma ferramenta computacional, utilizando a linguagem computacional R, para delimitação e caracterização morfométrica de bacias hidrográficas a partir de Modelos Digitais de Elevação (MDE) globais, de forma automática, que permita fornecer rapidamente os parâmetros morfométricos, proporcionando ao usuário concluir também pelo modelo que mais se adeque a sua necessidade. Buscou-se avaliar a ferramenta elaborada com um estudo de caso comparativo em quatro sub-bacias hidrográficas do estado do Tocantins, com características de relevo distintas, apresentando uma alternativa para validação hidrológica de modelos digitais de elevação a partir de dados altimétricos do SIGEF (Sistema de Gestão Fundiária). Com o estudo de caso, concluiu-se que a ferramenta proposta funciona satisfatoriamente para o que se propõe. Quando comparada com o programa r.basin.py a partir do software Grass GIS, a ferramenta apresentou resultados similares em relação aos valores da maioria dos parâmetros morfométricos; apresentando, contudo, um detalhamento inferior da rede de drenagem, associado a diferenças no algoritmo de preenchimento de dados espúrios, no entanto este problema pode ser contornado ajustando os valores das configurações iniciais do threshold. / The watershed can be understood as an integrated system among all its constituent elements, soil, water, vegetation and fauna, where every natural or anthropic disturbance causes reactions in the natural dynamics of the basin, forcing it to adapt to this new environment. Anthropic actions are related to socio -economic activities, that in the face of inadequate environmental planning and management, dissociate from environmental aspects getting to conflict with the ecosystem's capacity to support. Facing this panorama, several countries have sought to rebalance the integrated dynamics of watersheds, incorporating principles and norms for the management and planning the effects deriving of the unbalance of the system. The project and planning of hydric resources need information that allows the evaluation of the hydrological behavior of the basin. For this, it is necessary to quantify all the morphometric characteristics of the basins, because, when establishing relationships and comparisons among such characteristics and the known hydrological data, one can indirectly determine the hydrological values in places where data are missing. Commonly, to initiate a hydrological or environment al analysis, preliminarily the delimitation of the watershed is proceeded, which until recently it softwares and the digital representation of relief from remote sense techniques, it became possible to automate this task. From this, it sought with this work to elaborate a computational tool, using R computational language, for the delimitation and morphometric characterization of watershads from global Digital Elevation Models (DEM), in automatic way, that permits provide quickly the morphometric parameters, offering to the user also to conclude by the model that best suit it need. The objective of this study is to evaluate the elaborated tool with a study of comparative in four river sub - basins in the state of Tocantins, with different relief characteristics, presentingan alternative for hydrological validation of digital elevation models from the SIGEF (Portuguese abreviation of System of Land Management) altimetric data. With the case study, it was concluded that the proposed tool works satisfactorily for what is propcompared with the r.basin.py program from the Grass GIS software, the tool presented similar results in relation to the values of most of the morphometric parameters; however, a lower drainage network detail, associated with differences in the spurious data filling algorithm, though, this problem can be circumvented by adjusting the initial threshold values configurations.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T18:15:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Willian Roza.pdf: 6684537 bytes, checksum: fafdba4f5d553667283cb6cbe3e7f121 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-27 / The Atlantic Forest displays many functions that ensure the quality of life for many Brazilians and corresponds to one of the 34 hotspots of biodiversity in the world. In the State of Paraná, areas with the largest remnants of Atlantic Forest are located in the eastern portion of the state, which correspond to the Dense Tropical Rainforest (DTR); it presents the following physiognomic units: ecological forest, alluvial, lowland, submontane, montane and upper montane and non-forest represented by pioneer formations: mangroves, salt fields, salt marshes and refuges vegetation. This study seeks to test strategies to spatialize forest and non-forest remnants of ecological physiognomic units of DTR in the southeastern portion of the State of Paraná. In order to spatialize the vegetation, digital classification through the algorithm Support Vector Machines (SVM) was used. Tests were conducted on Landsat 5 TM spectral bands and ancillary altitude data such as the DEM (Digital Elevation Model) and ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission Reflection Radiometer) with its byproducts, namely slope and altimetric tracks. First tests were undertaken only with the spectral bands, followed by ones with the spectral bands and ancillary altitude data; and finally the last ones with different SVM settings. To calculate the accuracy of the classified images through Kappa Index (KI) and Confusion Matrix (CM), training samples were collected in images from sensors Spot 5 and P6LIS3, and altitude was verified by means of DEM SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission). After visual analysis, overall results and classes corresponding to the results from classified images, it was found that just with the spectral bands it was not possible to spatialize forest remnants from ecological physiognomic units of DTR. I was concluded that the separation between the classes of DTR (upper montane, montane, submontane and lowland) was not adequate. But, still observed through visual analysis, there was an accuracy improvement in digital classification when using spectral bands plus DEM ASTER. It seems that the most appropriate result from visual analysis and accuracy of the classified images were obtained through classifying spectral bands over altimetric tracks, enabling GIS to measure the values of the areas in the physiognomic units of DTR. It is noteworthy that all classifications were appropriate, however with the auxiliary altitude data, accuracy was increased in visual analysis, IK and MC by the aid of comparing them to altimetric tracks that define the position of the vegetation according to relief classes as addressed by Veloso, Rangel Filho and Lima (1991). This study serves as a resource for identifying, spatializing and mapping the distribution of forest and non-forest remnants in the southeastern portion of the Paraná DTR. This region encompasses several protected areas, located at both floodplains and slopes of the coastal mountain range. / A Mata Atlântica possui diversas funções que garantem a qualidade de vida de inúmeros brasileiros, sendo que corresponde a um dos 34 hotspots de biodiversidade do mundo. No Paraná, as áreas que apresentam os maiores remanescentes de Mata Atlântica estão situadas na porção leste do estado, as quais correspondem à Floresta Ombrófila Densa (FOD), que apresenta as seguintes unidades fisionômicas ecológicas florestais: aluvial, terras baixas, submontana, montana e alto-montana; e as não florestais, representadas pelas formações pioneiras: manguezais, campos salinos, restingas e refúgios vegetacionais. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo testar estratégias para espacializar os remanescentes florestais e não florestais das unidades fisionômicas ecológicas da porção sudeste da FOD do estado do Paraná. Para espacializar a vegetação, optou-se pela classificação digital mediante o algoritmo Support Vector Machines (SVM), com o qual se realizaram testes com as bandas espectrais Landsat 5 TM e dados auxiliares de altitude, como o MDE (Modelo Digital de Elevação) ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission Reflection Radiometer) e seus subprodutos, declividade e faixas altimétricas. Realizaram-se os primeiros testes somente com as bandas espectrais, em seguida com as bandas espectrais e dados auxiliares de altitude e, por último, os testes com diferentes configurações de SVM. Para calcular a acuracidade mediante Índice Kappa (IK) e Matriz de Confusão (MC) das imagens classificadas, amostras de treinamento foram coletadas em imagens do sensor Spot 5 e P6LIS3, sendo que se verificou a altitude mediante MDE SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission). Após as análises visuais, acuracidades globais e de classes correspondentes aos resultados das imagens classificadas, constatou-se que somente com as bandas espectrais não é possível espacializar os remanescentes florestais das unidades fisionômicas ecológicas da FOD, pois a separação entre as classes da FOD (alto-montana, montana, submontana e terras baixas) não foi adequada. Porém, quando da classificação digital com as bandas espectrais mais MDE ASTER, contata-se, mediante a análise visual e acuracidade das imagens classificadas, que o resultado melhorou. Nota-se que o resultado mais adequado a partir das análises visuais e acuracidade das imagens classificadas foi obtido mediante a classificação com as bandas espectrais mais faixas altimétricas, possibilitando, em SIG, mensurar os valores de áreas das unidades fisionômicas ecológicas florestais da FOD. Constata-se que todas as classificações são adequadas, no entanto, com os dados auxiliares de altitude, a acuracidade aumenta tanto pela análise visual quanto pelos IK e MC, mediante a comparação com as faixas altimétricas que definem a posição da vegetação de acordo com as classes do relevo abordadas por Veloso, Rangel Filho e Lima (1991). O presente trabalho serve como subsídio para a identificação, espacialização e mapeamentos dos remanescentes florestais e não florestais da porção sudeste da FOD do Paraná que abrangem várias unidades de conservação, situadas tanto na planície aluvial quanto nas encostas da Serra do Mar.