Orientador: Cassio Eduardo Lima de Paiva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T10:01:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Correia_LuizFernandodeMelo_M.pdf: 2778255 bytes, checksum: 497f3e52a86f95cd530ba7cdf7b226b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O estudo da interação dos componentes da via permanente é fundamental para um projeto ferroviário adequado, como também tem grande importância para criar procedimentos de manutenção da via baseados em predições sob um modelo de desempenho adequado. Para o conhecimento dessas interações, pela necessidade de um grande número de combinações, é de vital importância a utilização de um modelo computacional para dimensionamento das suas camadas, no caso o programa FERROVIA 1.0. Foi desenvolvido um estudo crítico do programa FERROVIA 1.0 e suas variáveis foram caracterizadas através de valores observados em literatura. Após caracterização inicial foi realizado um estudo de sensibilidade comparativo entre essas variáveis e a indicação de comportamento significativo ou não na situação de uma via férrea deformada por carga de roda conhecida. Para o desenvolvimento do estudo foi utilizado um programa estatístico com a finalidade de encontrar a correlação dos elementos. Pretende-se, pois, lançar no programa FERROVIA 1.0 e, posteriormente, em programa estatístico cerca de duas mil, cento e oitenta e sete combinações. Os dados que serão utilizados nessas correlações correspondem a valores referenciais dos elementos usados na prática da engenharia ferroviária / Abstract: The study of the interaction of the components of the permanent way it is basic for adequate a railroad project, as also it has great importance to create procedures of maintenance of the way based in predictions under a model of adequate performance. For the knowledge of these interactions, for the necessity of a great number of combinations, it is of vital importance the use of a computational model for sizing of its layers, in the case the program FERROVIA 1.0. A critical study of the program was developed FERROVIA 1.0 and its variable had been characterized through values observed in literature. After initial characterization was carried through a comparative study of sensitivity between these variable and the indication of significant behavior or not in the situation of a railway deformed by load of known wheel. For the development of the study a statistical program with the purpose was used to find the correlation of the elements. It is intended, therefore, to launch in the program FERROVIA 1.0 and, later, in statistical program about two a thousand, one hundred and eighty and seven combinations. The data that will be used in these correlations correspond the normal values of the used elements in the practical one of railroad engineering / Mestrado / Transportes / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Les méthodes osseuses de diagnose sexuelle donnent d’excellents résultats, avec des taux de bonnes prédictions du sexe supérieurs à 90%. Néanmoins, les éléments osseux ne sont pas toujours disponibles et, lorsqu’ils le sont, selon les causes de la mort et/ou les conditions de conservation du corps, ils peuvent avoir été lourdement dégradés. Pour parvenir à déterminer le sexe d’un individu dans ces situations là, des techniques dentaires de diagnose sexuelle sont nécessaires.Contrairement à la détermination du sexe, la problématique de la détermination de l’âge a fait l’objet de nombreuses études et d’autant de propositions de techniques différentes, signe d’une insuffisance de l’ensemble de ces méthodes, que la littérature n’a pas manqué de mettre en exergue.Le premier objectif de ce travail est de proposer une technique dentaire de détermination du sexe simple et précise, de façon à pouvoir répondre à cette problématique anthropologique de façon fiable en l’absence d’autres éléments du squelette.Le second est de développer une méthode d’estimation de l’âge de mise en œuvre facile, rapide et ne nécessitant ni un plateau technique lourd, ni la détérioration du matériel, pour une application aussi bien anthropologique que médico-légale. L’échantillon d’apprentissage était composé de 210 scanners d’individus présentant chacun 4 canines saines. L’échantillon d’application était composé de 55 scanners d’individus, présentant chacun au moins 1 canine saine. Les volumes pulpaire et total de chaque dent ont été modélisés et calculés à l’aide du logiciel Mimics. Une régression logistique binaire a été utilisée pour déterminer sept modèles de prédiction du sexe, en fonction du nombre et du type de canines exploitables. La comparaison des aires sous la courbe ROC a mis en évidence une plus grande performance du modèle utilisant les volumes des 4 canines. La méthode des moindres carrés pondérés a été utilisée pour déterminer les équations d’estimation de l’âge pour les sept mêmes modèles. Une plus grande performance du modèle utilisant les volumes des 2 canines maxillaires a été mise en évidence. Toutes ces régressions ont été testées sur l’échantillon d’application pour procéder à leur validation externe.Il s’avère que dans un contexte scientifique historique où les canines mandibulaires constituaient l’outil dentaire de référence dans la diagnose sexuelle, la modélisation tridimensionnelle souligne l’intérêt potentiel de leurs homologues maxillaires. Par ailleurs, il semblerait que l’évaluation de la réduction pulpaire physiologique, imputable à l’apposition naturelle de dentine secondaire sur les canines uniquement, soit un critère performant dans la détermination de l’âge.A défaut d’être parfaits, les modèles proposés à l’issue cette étude permettent donc toutefois de disposer d’éléments fiables, qui ont toute leur place dans l’indispensable faisceau de preuves, nécessaire à la détermination de l’âge et du sexe dans le cadre d’une identification estimative. / The bone methods of sexual diagnosis give excellent results, with rates of good predictions over 90%. Nonetheless, bones are not always available and, when they are, according to the causes of death and/or storage conditions of the body, they may have been severely degraded. To be able to determine the sex of an individual in these situations, dental techniques of sexual diagnosis are needed.In contrast to sex determination, the problem of age estimation has been the topic of many studies and so many different techniques, evidence of failure of all these methods, which the literature did not fail to highlight.The first aim of this work was to propose a simple and accurate dental technique for determining sex, in order to resolve this anthropological issue, reliably in the absence of other elements of the skeleton.The second was to develop a method for estimating the age of easy and fast implémentation, neither requiring a heavy technical support nor damage to material, for an application as well in forensics as in anthropology.The training sample consisted of 210 subjects’ CT-scans, each with four canines healthy. The validation sample was composed of 55 CT-scans, each with at least one healthy canine. Pulp and total volumes of each tooth were modeled and calculated using the software Mimics . A binary logistic regression was used to determine seven prediction models of sex, according to the number and type of canine available in practice. The comparison of the areas under the ROC curve showed a greater performance of the model using the volumes of the four canines. The weighted least squares method was used to determine the equations for estimating the age for the same seven models. Greater performance of the model using the volumes of maxillary canines has been demonstrated. All these regressions were tested on the validation sample to perform their external validation.It turns out that in a scientific context where historical mandibular canines were the reference tool in the sex diagnosis, three-dimensional modeling emphasizes the potential value of maxillary counterparts. Moreover, it appears that the evaluation of the physiological pulp reduction, due to the natural apposition of secondary dentine on canines only, is a performance criterion in determining age.The models proposed in this study can therefore have reliable evidence, which all have all their place in the necessary body of evidence for determining age and sex, in estimating identification.