O crescimento acentuado da oferta de hotéis no mercado brasileiro acirra cada vez mais a competição no setor, sendo fundamental que a decisão de empreender seja lastreada em informações geradas com rigor técnico no ambiente do planejamento estratégico destes empreendimentos. A lentidão do processo que envolve a elaboração e a implantação de um novo empreendimento hoteleiro, somada à incerteza relacionada ao lançamento de novos empreendimentos durante os períodos de implantação e de operação, à alta rigidez desta tipologia de empreendimento e ao fato de que muitas vezes as decisões de investimento no setor são orientadas por impressões momentâneas e desejos futuros do empreendedor, aumentam os riscos da super oferta no setor hoteleiro. Nesse sentido, a proposta dessa dissertação é apresentar as diretrizes para o dimensionamento de empreendimentos hoteleiros voltados ao lazer, classificados como resorts, no que concerne ao número de Unidades Habitacionais a serem disponibilizadas. Apresenta também as estratégias competitivas para o lançamento de um novo resort no mercado, bem como para a manutenção de sua competitividade durante o período operacional. / The increasing growth of hotel offers in the Brazilian market has been promoting a competition in this area. It is worth emphasizing that the decision to make a project must be based on technical information planned in the strategic environment of these enterprises. Slowness in the process involving the elaboration and implementation of a new hotel project, added to the uncertainty regarding the launch of new projects during implantation and operational period, the high rigidity of this type of project and the fact that many times the decisions to invest in this segment are oriented by temporarily impressions, by the entrepreneur’s further hopes increase the risks of excess of offers in this segment. The purpose of this dissertation is to present guidelines to evaluate leisure and recreational hotel projects, classified as resorts regarding the number of Residential Units to be offered. This study also presents the competitive strategies for the launch of a new resort in the market as well as how to maintain competition during the operational period.

O objeto da pesquisa parte da premissa de se fazer um levantamento e reconhecimento de diferentes modelos e técnicas, elaborados por vários autores, a serem aplicados no dimensionamento dos espaços da habitação, quer seja na elaboração, quer seja na avaliação. Neles, são identificados e analisados os aspectos ergonômicos da apropriação para o homem desses espaços, destinados ao seu uso como moradia. Dentro da premissa apresentada, pretende-se conhecer as implicações das dimensões humanas, considerando o próprio homem como referência, na história da arquitetura habitacional, a partir dos aspectos funcionais, simbólicos, culturais e étnicos; e os requisitos de projeto que influem na ocupação e dimensionamento dos espaços da habitação, utilizando-se das técnicas de pesquisa antropométrica. Para tanto, são identificados e analisados os aspectos ergonômicos da apropriação desses espaços pelo homem, destinados ao seu uso como moradia. A pesquisa inicia em associar as dimensões humanas e os espaços edificados destinados à habitação, através de uma visão histórica dos estudos que influíram na arquitetura residencial, enquanto preocupação dimensional, baseada na figura humana. Apresenta conceitos e requisitos para uma habitação e investiga os modelos e técnicas desenvolvidas para o dimensionamento dos espaços habitacionais onde são considerados aspectos ergonômicos, de modo a se fazer uma aplicação metodológica desses modelos e técnicas para análise e dimensionamento de um projeto habitacional. Esta aplicação é feita por meio da elaboração uma caracterização ergonômica que consiste em analisar o usuário, as funções de uso e as atividades, os ambientes e espaços funcionais da habitação e o uso de mobiliário e equipamentos necessários. / The object of the research leaves from the premise of doing recognition of different models and techniques, elaborated by several authors, to be applied in the dimensioning of the spaces of the house, for its elaboration, or for its evaluation. In them, the ergonomic aspects of the appropriation for the man of those spaces, destined to his use as home are identified and analyzed. Inside of the presented premise, it intends to know the implications of the human dimensions, considering the man himself as reference, in the history of the habitation\'s architecture, starting from the functional, symbolic, cultural and ethnic aspects; and the project requirements that influence on the occupation and dimensioning of the spaces of the house, using the techniques of anthropometric research. For that matter, the ergonomic aspects of the appropriation of those spaces by the man are identified and analyzed, for his use as home. The research begins in associating the human dimensions and the built spaces destined to the house, through a historical view of the studies that were influenced on the residential architecture, while dimensional concern, based on the human figure. It presents concepts and requirements for a house and it investigates the models and techniques developed for the dimensioning of the housing spaces where ergonomic aspects are considered, doing a methodological application of those models and techniques for analysis and dimensioning of a housing project. This application is made through the elaboration of an ergonomic characterization that consists of analyzing the user, the use functions and the activities, the functional spaces of the house and the use of necessary furniture and equipments.

O objeto da pesquisa parte da premissa de se fazer um levantamento e reconhecimento de diferentes modelos e técnicas, elaborados por vários autores, a serem aplicados no dimensionamento dos espaços da habitação, quer seja na elaboração, quer seja na avaliação. Neles, são identificados e analisados os aspectos ergonômicos da apropriação para o homem desses espaços, destinados ao seu uso como moradia. Dentro da premissa apresentada, pretende-se conhecer as implicações das dimensões humanas, considerando o próprio homem como referência, na história da arquitetura habitacional, a partir dos aspectos funcionais, simbólicos, culturais e étnicos; e os requisitos de projeto que influem na ocupação e dimensionamento dos espaços da habitação, utilizando-se das técnicas de pesquisa antropométrica. Para tanto, são identificados e analisados os aspectos ergonômicos da apropriação desses espaços pelo homem, destinados ao seu uso como moradia. A pesquisa inicia em associar as dimensões humanas e os espaços edificados destinados à habitação, através de uma visão histórica dos estudos que influíram na arquitetura residencial, enquanto preocupação dimensional, baseada na figura humana. Apresenta conceitos e requisitos para uma habitação e investiga os modelos e técnicas desenvolvidas para o dimensionamento dos espaços habitacionais onde são considerados aspectos ergonômicos, de modo a se fazer uma aplicação metodológica desses modelos e técnicas para análise e dimensionamento de um projeto habitacional. Esta aplicação é feita por meio da elaboração uma caracterização ergonômica que consiste em analisar o usuário, as funções de uso e as atividades, os ambientes e espaços funcionais da habitação e o uso de mobiliário e equipamentos necessários. / The object of the research leaves from the premise of doing recognition of different models and techniques, elaborated by several authors, to be applied in the dimensioning of the spaces of the house, for its elaboration, or for its evaluation. In them, the ergonomic aspects of the appropriation for the man of those spaces, destined to his use as home are identified and analyzed. Inside of the presented premise, it intends to know the implications of the human dimensions, considering the man himself as reference, in the history of the habitation\'s architecture, starting from the functional, symbolic, cultural and ethnic aspects; and the project requirements that influence on the occupation and dimensioning of the spaces of the house, using the techniques of anthropometric research. For that matter, the ergonomic aspects of the appropriation of those spaces by the man are identified and analyzed, for his use as home. The research begins in associating the human dimensions and the built spaces destined to the house, through a historical view of the studies that were influenced on the residential architecture, while dimensional concern, based on the human figure. It presents concepts and requirements for a house and it investigates the models and techniques developed for the dimensioning of the housing spaces where ergonomic aspects are considered, doing a methodological application of those models and techniques for analysis and dimensioning of a housing project. This application is made through the elaboration of an ergonomic characterization that consists of analyzing the user, the use functions and the activities, the functional spaces of the house and the use of necessary furniture and equipments.

O crescimento acentuado da oferta de hotéis no mercado brasileiro acirra cada vez mais a competição no setor, sendo fundamental que a decisão de empreender seja lastreada em informações geradas com rigor técnico no ambiente do planejamento estratégico destes empreendimentos. A lentidão do processo que envolve a elaboração e a implantação de um novo empreendimento hoteleiro, somada à incerteza relacionada ao lançamento de novos empreendimentos durante os períodos de implantação e de operação, à alta rigidez desta tipologia de empreendimento e ao fato de que muitas vezes as decisões de investimento no setor são orientadas por impressões momentâneas e desejos futuros do empreendedor, aumentam os riscos da super oferta no setor hoteleiro. Nesse sentido, a proposta dessa dissertação é apresentar as diretrizes para o dimensionamento de empreendimentos hoteleiros voltados ao lazer, classificados como resorts, no que concerne ao número de Unidades Habitacionais a serem disponibilizadas. Apresenta também as estratégias competitivas para o lançamento de um novo resort no mercado, bem como para a manutenção de sua competitividade durante o período operacional. / The increasing growth of hotel offers in the Brazilian market has been promoting a competition in this area. It is worth emphasizing that the decision to make a project must be based on technical information planned in the strategic environment of these enterprises. Slowness in the process involving the elaboration and implementation of a new hotel project, added to the uncertainty regarding the launch of new projects during implantation and operational period, the high rigidity of this type of project and the fact that many times the decisions to invest in this segment are oriented by temporarily impressions, by the entrepreneur’s further hopes increase the risks of excess of offers in this segment. The purpose of this dissertation is to present guidelines to evaluate leisure and recreational hotel projects, classified as resorts regarding the number of Residential Units to be offered. This study also presents the competitive strategies for the launch of a new resort in the market as well as how to maintain competition during the operational period.

https://dc.etsu.edu/engr-1110-oer/1007/thumbnail.jpg

https://dc.etsu.edu/entc-2170-oer/1007/thumbnail.jpg

Hybrid vehicles are an important technology for reducing oil use and transportation-related emissions. It is well-known that hybrid and electric vehicles are often designed and tested using standard cycles such as the Highway Fuel Economy Test (HWY), Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS), and the US06 Supplementary Federal Test Procedure (US06). However, this begs the questions: How does real world driving compare to these cycles? Can a vehicle be designed using real world driving data which saves fuel in the real world compared to a vehicle designed using standard cycles? This thesis investigates this issue using a set of 5000km of real world driving data by light-duty pickup trucks, with the goal to optimize the fuel savings of a mild hybrid truck. The challenge with using a model-based design approach on thousands of kilometers of real driving data is the long model run-time required to iterate through plant and control parameters. Thus, this work develops a novel script which reduces optimization time by 78%. The key is to run the full model of the non-hybrid truck one time on the full driving data set, and then use the resulting vehicle speed, engine efficiency, engine torque, and engine speed, as inputs to the faster script. The script is then used to quickly iterate through the driving data set many times to find optimal control and plant parameters. In this work, exhaustive search is used; however, evolutionary optimization algorithms could also be used and would benefit from the fast script iteration on real world driving cycles. Overall, the use of the real world driving set for design of the mild hybrid truck resulted in a 7.10% decrease in fuel consumption compared to the non-hybrid truck, while the use of standard driving cycles for design resulted in a 5.45% fuel consumption decrease compared to the non-hybrid truck. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Als Großdemonstrator des Sonderforschungsbereichs 532 soll auf dem Gelände der Fakultät für Bauingenieurwesen der RWTH Aachen ein Ausstellungspavillon mit einer Dachkonstruktion aus Textilbeton errichtet werden. Der Beitrag zeigt die automatisierte Bemessung dieser komplexen Tragstruktur mit Hilfe eines hierfür entwickelten numerischen Bemessungsstools. Die Auswertung erfolgt für alle Lastfallkombinationen nach DIN 1055-100 und unter Berücksichtigung der Reduktion der Tragfähigkeit der textilen Bewehrung infolge einer Umlenkung im Riss sowie einer Erhöhung der aufnehmbaren Textilspannungen infolge Biegebeanspruchung. Zur Ermittlung der Tragfähigkeit der Textilbetonschale wurden am Institut für Massivbau Dehnkörper- und Biegeversuche durchgeführt, die in Bewehrungsgrad und Dicke dem realen Bauwerk am Schalenrand entsprachen. / Within the collaborate research center 532 at RWTH Aachen University the construction of an exposition hall with a double-curved roof structure consisting of textile reinforced concrete is currently planned. A numerical tool has been developed to calculate the necessary number of reinforcement layers. Further, the tool evaluates the characteristic stresses of the load case combinations in the ultimate limit state taking into account a reduction of the load-bearing capacity of the textile reinforcement due to alignment of the rovings in the crack bridge and a better activation of the inner filaments for bending induced tension. The resistance of the material has been determined in experimental investigations of tensile and bending specimens of the same thickness and reinforcement ratio as the planned shell structure.

In this thesis, one of the most important issues in the field of networks communication is tackled and addressed. This issue is represented by QoS, where the increasing demand on highquality applications together with the fast increase in the rates of Internet users have led to massive traffic being transmitted on the Internet. This thesis proposes new ideas to manage the flow of this huge traffic in a manner that contributes in improving the communication QoS. This can be achieved by replacing the conventional application-insensitive routing schemes by others which take into account the type of applications when making the routing decision. As a first contribution, the effect on the potential development in the quality of experience on the loading of Basra optical network has been investigated. Furthermore, the traffic due to each application was dealt with in different ways according to their delay and loss sensitivities. Load rate distributions over the various links due to the different applications were deployed to investigate the places of possible congestions in the network and the dominant applications that cause such congestions. In addition, OpenFlow and Optica Burst Switching (OBS) techniques were used to provide a wider range of network controllability and management. A centralised routing protocol that takes into account the available bandwidth, delay, and security as three important QoS parameters, when forwarding traffics of different types, was proposed and implemented using OMNeT++ networks simulator. As a novel idea, security has been incorporated in our QoS requirements by incorporating Oyster Optics Technology (OOT) to secure some of the optical links aiming to supply the network with some secure paths for those applications that have high privacy requirements. A particular type of traffic is to be routed according to the importance of these three QoS parameters for such a traffic type. The link utilisation, end to end delays and securities due to the different applications were recorded to prove the feasibility of our proposed system. In order to decrease the amount of traffic overhead, the same QoS constraints were implemented on a distributed Ant colony based routing. The traditional Ant routing protocol was improved by adopting the idea of Red-Green-Blue (RGB) pheromones routing to incorporate these QoS constraints. Improvements of 11% load balancing, and 9% security for private data was achieved compared to the conventional Ant routing techniques. In addition, this Ant based routing was utilised to propose an improved solution for the routing and wavelength assignment problem in the WDM optical computer networks.

Braking is mainly controlled by the engine. Friction between a pair of pads and a rotating disc converts the kinetic energy of the vehicle into heat. High temperatures can be reached in the system which can be detrimental for both, components and passenger safety. Numerical techniques help simulate load cases and compute the temperatures field in brake disc and brake pads. The present work implements a Finite Element (FE) toolbox in Matlab/Simulink able to simulate different braking manoeuvres used for brake dimensioning mainly in the early phase of car development process. The brake pad/disc geometry is considered as an axisymmetric body assuming negligible temperature gradient along the circumference of the disc. Calibration using three control factors namely: heat coefficient during braking , acceleration  and emissivity  for the implemented thermal model is performed using experimental investigation at Volvo Car Corporation (VCC) for three specific severe load cases. The thermal model is extended to measure brake fluid temperatures to ensure no vaporisation occurs. Simulation results of the brake disc and brake pad show good correlation with the experimental tests. A sensitivity analysis with the control factors showed convective coefficient during acceleration  the most sensitive, with temperature change of around 16%.