Back pain is the 6th most costly condition in the United States and is responsible for the most workdays lost. Approximately 33 million American adults suffered from back and neck problems in 2005. The societal cost of chronic back pain (CBP) has not been calculated from a US perspective. Longitudinal data files from Panels 12, 13, and 14 of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) were used to estimate excess direct (ambulatory visits, inpatient admissions, emergency room visits, and prescription medication) costs and indirect (lost productivity) costs for persons 18 years and older reporting CBP compared to those not reporting back pain. Persons were included in the CBP group if they reported back pain (ICD-9-CM codes 720, 721, 722, 723, 724, 737, 805, 806, 839, 846, 847) in at least 3 consecutive interview rounds. The complex sampling design of MEPS was taken into account to get accurate national estimates. All costs were adjusted to 2011 using Consumer Price Indices. All mean costs were computed using age-stratified regression models, after adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates. Utilization of provider-based complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among CBP patients was studied, and differences in costs between CAM users and non-users examined. Based on this analysis, the prevalence of CBP in the adult US population was estimated to be 3.76%. Total all-cause costs for CBP patients were estimated to be $187 billion over 2 years (direct costs = $176 billion, indirect cost = $11 billion). Overall estimates of excess costs of CBP over 2 years per person for direct medical costs were $37,129 ($25,273 vs. $48,984; p<0.001). This breaks down to $11,711 ($14,929 vs. $3,219; p<0.001) for ambulatory visits; $3,560 ($6,514 vs. $2,914; p<0.001) for inpatient admissions; $300 ($690 vs. $390; p<0.001) for emergency department visits; and $19,849 ($23,873 vs. $4,024; p<0.001) for prescription medications. Excess indirect costs for CBP patients were $1,668 ($2,329 vs. $661; p<0.001). Thirty-seven percent of CBP patients reported at least one CAM visit. There was no significant difference in overall costs between CAM users and non-users. The high cost of chronic back pain in the US population has potential implications for prioritizing policy, and in attempting to improve care and outcomes for these patients. / text

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:49:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-11-26 / A esquizofrenia apresenta elevado custo de doença e a recaída é um dos seus aspectos mais importantes. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o Custo Direto Médico- Hospitalar da recaída em esquizofrenia, em três diferentes serviços de admissão em saúde mental na cidade de São Paulo utilizados por pacientes quando da reagudização da doença: a) um hospital público estadual (HP); b) um hospital contratado conveniado com o SUS (HCC); e c) um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS). METODOLOGIA: Foram revisados 90 prontuários de pacientes portadores de esquizofrenia atendidos durante o ano de 2006 em internação hospitalar ou atendimento intensivo no CAPS. Foram levantados e valorados os recursos utilizados durante a permanência nos serviços: medicação, exames e diárias – onde foram incluídos os custos com recursos humanos. RESULTADOS: o Custo Direto Médico-Hospitalar médio da recaída em esquizofrenia, por paciente foi de R{dollar} 8.167,58 no HP; R{dollar} 4.605,46 no CAPS e de R{dollar} 2.397,74 no HCC sendo o principal componente, o custo com diárias, a maior delas no HP. O custo com medicação diferiu quanto à utilização de antipsicóticos típicos ou atípicos, sendo os típicos mais utilizados no HCC e os atípicos no CAPS. Nos três serviços poucos exames complementares foram realizados. CONCLUSÃO: O investimento em medicações antipsicóticas e em estratégias que diminuam a recaída e a necessidade de diárias nos serviços, especialmente hospitalares, são justificáveis pela proporção dos custos que estas representam. O maior custo ocorreu no HP e o menor custo no HCC. Tratar a recaída no CAPS apresentou um custo intermediário com o benefício de não privar o paciente do convívio familiar, usando medicação com menor potencial de efeitos adversos e com impacto positivo na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. / Aims: Significant cost is associated with schizophrenia and relapses are one significant cost element. Objective: Assess the direct medical costs associated with schizophrenia relapses at three mental health services in the city of São Paulo: a public state hospital (HP); a hospital affiliated with the Brazilian Unified Healthcare System -SUS (HCC); a Community Psychosocial Service Center (CAPS). Methods: We reviewed the charts of 90 patients with schizophrenia who had been i n services in 2006. We evaluated the r esources used dur ing the time these patients were in services. Results: The Mean Direct Medical Cost of schizophrenia relapses was, per patient, R{dollar} 8.167,58 i n HP; R{dollar} 4.605,46 at the CAPS and R{dollar} 2.397,74 in HCC ( R{dollar} 2 / 1 US{dollar}). The most significant component in all cases was the daily rate. The cost of medication differed depending on whether typical or atypical antipsychotics were used. CAPS making more use of atypical drugs. Conclusion: The costs associated with schizophrenia relapses justify investments in antipsychotic drugs and strategies to reduce the need for mental health services, especially hospitals. The cost associated with treating patients in a CAPS is intermediate and has the added benefit of not depriving patients from their family life. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-15T14:03:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 paulacamilarodriguespinto.pdf: 1768488 bytes, checksum: df991e2e2165a0de75151462b2b03622 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T14:12:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 paulacamilarodriguespinto.pdf: 1768488 bytes, checksum: df991e2e2165a0de75151462b2b03622 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T14:12:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 paulacamilarodriguespinto.pdf: 1768488 bytes, checksum: df991e2e2165a0de75151462b2b03622 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-11 / O diabetes mellitus é considerado uma epidemia mundial pela Organização Mundial de Saúde. Tanto a prevalência, quanto a incidência dos dois tipos principais (1 e 2) têm aumentado a cada ano. No Brasil, observa-se o fenômeno da judicialização para conseguir medicamentos e insumos para o tratamento de diabetes. Há material gratuito, dispensado pelo Sistema Único de Saúde e programas como Farmácia Popular e Aqui Tem Farmácia Popular. No entanto, alguns pacientes recorrem à Justiça para ter acesso ao tratamento prescrito. O estudo tem o objetivo de avaliar o impacto econômico e os custos médicos diretos envolvidos nos processos impetrados pelos pacientes contra o município de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, para conseguir insulinas, medicamentos, insumos descartáveis, insumos permanentes e dietas para tratamento de diabetes mellitus. Foram estudadas cópias de processos judiciais deferidos ou deferidos parcialmente, impetrados entre 2009 e 2014 contra a Prefeitura de Juiz de Fora, arquivados na Secretaria de Saúde e na Procuradoria Geral do Município. Analisaram-se 125 processos, com custo médio de R$5.944,44 por paciente, considerando os custos médicos diretos. De acordo com a simulação dos custos, em 2014, foram gastos R$743.055,57 com esses tratamentos de diabetes, ou 9,29% dos R$8 milhões destinados para gastos com judicialização da saúde no município, ou seja, os tratamentos de diabetes mellitus solicitados por via judicial causam impacto econômico para o orçamento de saúde. Os insumos descartáveis e as insulinas foram os maiores custos médicos diretos, respectivamente R$344.818,09 e R$159.410,88. 54,4% das receitas anexadas aos processos são provenientes do SUS; 51,2% dos processos foram representados por um órgão público; 47,2% dos processos continham pedidos em que nenhum dos itens é dispensado gratuitamente; 53,6% dos impetrantes têm diabetes tipo 1; 60,8% são do sexo feminino; 29,6% são adultos; 24,8% são menores; 22,4% são idosos. / Diabetes mellitus is considered a global epidemic by the World Health Organization. Both the prevalence and the incidence of the two main types (1 and 2) have increased each year. In Brazil it is observed a phenomenon called judicialization to achieve drugs and supplies for the treatment of diabetes. There is free material for diabetes treatment in Brazil distributed by the Public Health System and by some assistance programs such as Farmácia Popular and Aqui Tem Farmácia Popular. However, some patients go to court to have access to the treatment prescribed. The study aims to calculate the economic impact and the direct medical costs involved in lawsuits filed by patients against the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, to get insulin, drugs, disposable supplies, permanent suppliet and diet goods for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Copies of granted or granted in part lawsuits filed between 2009 and 2014 against Juiz de Fora City Council have been studied. They were stored in Municipal Health Department and City Attorneys Office. 125 cases were analyzed with an average cost of R$5,944.44 per patient considering direct medical costs. According to the simulation of costs expenditures were R$743,055.57 with these diabetes treatments or 9.29% of R$ 8 million allocated to spending on health judicialization in Juiz de Fora in 2014, having economic impact on the health budget. Disposable supplies and insulin were the highest direct medical costs, respectively R$344,818.09 and R$159,410.88. 54.4% of prescriptions attached to lawsuits were from SUS; 51.2% of the lawsuits had a public defender in charge; 47.2% of the lawsuits required items that are not available free of charge in the public health system; 53.6% of plaintiffs have type 1 diabetes; 60.8% are female; 29.6% are adults; 24.8% aged 0-17; 22.4% are elderly people.