Dirt ingress in hydraulic cylinders is one of the sources that leads to pollution of hydraulic systems. There are already several test rigs to investigate external contamination mechanisms. However, until now only the behavior of the whole sealing system was analyzed. A new testing method to understand the dirt particle transport between a reciprocating motioned rod and a wiper is presented. The new approach aims to avoid known issues such as limited reproducibility and long duration. The paper describes the test rig design and operating principle. First measurement results are shown.

Natural Dye, Chemical, Trail running, Sportswear, Sustainable, Pigments, Chromatic, Toxins, Print, Dye, Dirt.Sammanfattning på engelska: This work explores natural dye’s ability to be used for trail running wear. The sustainable aspects in the clothing industry includes the production of nontoxic textiles that do not pollute in the production process nor when using the textile close to our bodies. Natural dyes usually have low toxicity and are produced from renewable resources. The explorative nature of trail running is used as a guideline and an entrance exam for the dyed fabrics to prove wash- and lightfastness durable for the sport. The idea of colouring clothes directly with nature is present in dirt prints printed with natural pigments. Organic printing with rust and vegetable oil is explored as an alternative to screen printing. The movements and comfort of running outdoors is understood by body indicated experiments as a method. Pattern construction is made from movement and sensation by exposing the body to friction, dirt and cold air. The results of these experiments were together with reshaping existing run wear the construction method. This work suggests viewing colour as nonstatic and with more dimensions such as locality and smell. By using slow dye processes and locally accessible dye materials unique expressions from natural dyes, prints and patinations can enhance sportswear in the appearance, health and environmental aspect. / Program: Modedesignutbildningen

Erosion is a natural geological phenomenon that occurs in the upper layers of the Earth, but can be accelerated by man especially when used improperly. A large loss of soil by erosion occurs on the dirt roads that was diagnosed in the Campo de Instrução de Santa Maria (CISM) where training occurs with armored vehicles and other large area. This study aimed to understand and to set the erosive processes on a dirt road located in CISM and how specific objectives sought to understand how the area used, the type of material involved and its resistance to the process erosive using for this test of physical characterization and erodibility. The results of this study may contribute to the maintenance of roads CISM. This research began with a literature review on the topic, fieldwork for recognition of the area, for description of erosional features and gathering of samples for be tested through test physical characterization and erodibility. The sampled points of the road were: the Crust, E2, E6 and E7, and the horizons B and C of the borrow pit. The tests of the erodibility were performed with the samples E2 , E7 and Crust and compared to data obtained by Sant Ana, 2012. The road lies over an area of alluvial terrace where if find argisoil. The road crosses a flat-topped hill with NW-SE direction. Were described in place, ridges and ravines related to lack of drainage, the presence of compacted layer (crust) with mud crack, alcoves of the regression, ducts and pot erosion. Geotechnical tests confirm the fragile nature of local soil, reaffirming human action a accelerator of the erosion in the area. / Erosion is a natural geological phenomenon that occurs in the upper layers of the Earth, but can be accelerated by man especially when used improperly. A large loss of soil by erosion occurs on the dirt roads that was diagnosed in the Campo de Instrução de Santa Maria (CISM) where training occurs with armored vehicles and other large area. This study aimed to understand and to set the erosive processes on a dirt road located in CISM and how specific objectives sought to understand how the area used, the type of material involved and its resistance to the process erosive using for this test of physical characterization and erodibility. The results of this study may contribute to the maintenance of roads CISM. This research began with a literature review on the topic, fieldwork for recognition of the area, for description of erosional features and gathering of samples for be tested through test physical characterization and erodibility. The sampled points of the road were: the Crust, E2, E6 and E7, and the horizons B and C of the borrow pit. The tests of the erodibility were performed with the samples E2 , E7 and Crust and compared to data obtained by Sant Ana, 2012. The road lies over an area of alluvial terrace where if find argisoil. The road crosses a flat-topped hill with NW-SE direction. Were described in place, ridges and ravines related to lack of drainage, the presence of compacted layer (crust) with mud crack, alcoves of the regression, ducts and pot erosion. Geotechnical tests confirm the fragile nature of local soil, reaffirming human action a accelerator of the erosion in the area.

Masters of Art / This thesis explores the shifting racial identification and politics of the emerging Jewish community in Southern Africa between the Anglo-Boer War in 1902 and the Union of South Africa in 1910. Through an investigation of their actions and thoughts on the cultural, economic, linguistic and political aspects of their lives, I show how the emerging Jewish community formed itself through the political subjectivity of White settlers. Understanding how racial categories were being amalgamated and partitioned in that period of state formation, I argue that the mainstream Jewish community colluded with the colonial state to join into the ‘unity of the White races’. I use Memmi’s (1967 [1957], pp. 19,45) analytic distinction between ‘coloniser’ – a European on African land - and ‘colonialist’ – a coloniser who supports colonialism and believes in its legitimacy - to examine how the process of subject formation is articulated through the political economy of racial capitalism and settler colonialism. When Jews from Eastern Europe (Yidn) began arriving in South Africa in the 1880s, they faced a settler population which simultaneously treated them as members of an undifferentiated European settler population, as candidates for assimilation into colonial Whiteness, and as dirty subjects under threat of colonial state violence. Though there were other possible responses to the colonial relationship that Yidn could have taken, such as linking the fight against antisemitism with other anti-racist and anti-colonial struggles, the community went through a process of colonialist refashioning. To understand this transformation, I focus on four aspects of life. Culturally, Yidn were classed as dirty subjects and Jewish communal institutions worked with the state to ‘clean’, i.e. ‘Whiten’ them up. Economically, Jews of all class positions learnt the exploitative practices of settlers in racial capitalism. Linguistically, Yiddish became classified as a European language by utilising racial hierarchies. And politically, Yidn became citizens by embracing the ideology of a White-only franchise. Focussing in on these processes of assimilation into power, I argue that the primary Jewish communal institutions embraced and internally enforced a colonialist political subjectivity. This thesis is based on archival research conducted in three archives in Cape Town carried out between February and May 2019, and extensive reading of previous historical studies to write a new narrative from previously known sources.

This diploma thesis deals with the design of an autonomous universal machine for removing a loose dirt on headlamp assembly lines according to customer requirements and standards for safety and ergonomics. The thesis also includes a draft flowchart for machine control logic, a pneumatic mechanism diagram and a drawing documentation of the assembly and selected subassemblies.

Dirt ingress in hydraulic cylinders is one of the sources that leads to pollution of hydraulic systems. There are already several test rigs to investigate external contamination mechanisms. However, until now only the behavior of the whole sealing system was analyzed. A new testing method to understand the dirt particle transport between a reciprocating motioned rod and a wiper is presented. The new approach aims to avoid known issues such as limited reproducibility and long duration. The paper describes the test rig design and operating principle. First measurement results are shown.

Humans use land to grow crops for food, and the farming methods we use can influence the organisms that live in the soil. Soil organisms do important work, like decomposing organic matter and releasing nutrients for plant growth. By adding more pesticides and fertilizers to farmland,we can producemore crops in a smaller space. But those methods can also harm soil organisms and the work that they do. In contrast,we can use gentlermethods to growcrops,which are better for soil animals, but those methods require more land. People in all countries need food from crops to live healthy lives. Because we all share one land surface, when we decide how to use land, we need to remember how agriculture influences soil animals.

Yes / This study examines the feasibility of using colloidal silica nanoparticles as active agents in high concentration waterborne polymer latex formulations. We showed that distributing the silica throughout the waterborne emulsion formed a composite coating material with a hydrophilic surface that consequently reduced exterior dirt pickup. Two grades of silica nanoparticles were studied, one using sodium stabilisation and another using epoxysilane modification to introduce glycidox-ypropyltrimethoxysilane surface functionality. Rheological study of the waterborne latex on mixing showed that there was an immediate pH responsive interaction between the silica sols and the polymer latex. Once loading of sodium charge stabilised silica NPs exceeded the volume required for heteroflocculation to occur the mixture demonstrated the potential to gel on standing – a process which took weeks, or months, to occur depending on the pH and relative concentrations used. At least fifty percent silane modification to the NP surface was found to be necessary to maintain a stable colloidal dispersion for long term storage of the waterborne latex. Despite this both grades of silica were found to imbue reductions in dirt pickup when applied to exterior masonry concrete studies over a 3-month weathering test / This work was supported by the Royal Society of Chemistry [E21-8346952505].

Using social media and norm-breaking material as an empirical touchstone this thesis elaborates, investigates and explores the entangled relationships between humans and technology in social media settings. Guided by uncomfortable, emotional and bodily online sharing the thesis gives voice to stories that are seldom heard, by people whose lives are rarely spoken of. By exploring the performative entanglements of/with/through technology, design and human intent the overall aim is to offer a critical and new understanding of our online togetherness and posthuman becoming. The conceptual framework throughout the thesis is based on posthuman theory and feminist technoscience, two closely connected theories providing a new onto-epistemological way of understanding the world’s becoming. The thesis should be seen as the product of an empirical practice of making theory about digital things, culture, humans and non-humans. By exploring diffraction and touch as not only theoretical standpoints but also hands-on methodology the thesis contributes to the development of new ways of doing research. Important findings arising from the practice of diffraction and touch are Technoemotions – conceptually agents built on a posthuman understanding of how emotions are entangled between and within the phenomenon, becoming important agents in the apparatus creating the phenomenon. Four Technoemotions seem particularly prominent in the material: Trust, Truth, Time and Embodiment. The thesis concludes by providing a discussion on critical alternatives for ethics, politics and power in relation to social media and the norms and norm-breaking practices most of us participate in. The responsibility and ability to respond are addressed, as well as social justice and hope for the future to come. / Sociala medier har för många människor blivit en naturlig del av vardagen där den digitala gemenskapen är lika viktig som den analoga. På platser så som Facebook, Twitter, bloggar och Instagram kommunicerar vi genom att dela med oss av tankar, händelse och åsikter i vår vardag. Vi varvar bilder från vår semester med politiska artiklar, delar vidare kloka citat eller resultatet från ett test av något slag, skryter på våra barn, filmar våra husdjur, delar med oss av sjukdomstillstånd och barnafödande och allt annat som en vardag kan vara fylld av. Just själva delandet är ett viktigt fundament i sociala mediers blivande och dess design är ofta optimerad för att kunna dela samma inlägg till flera olika sociala plattformar med ett enkelt klick. Denna avhandling handlar om hur vi genom sociala medier blir tillsammans på nätet, hur vi formar varandra men även hur vi formas av de tekniska scripts och den design som sociala medier är uppbyggt av. I avhandlingen får läsaren ta del av ett stort normbrytande empiriskt material. Med avstamp i detta normbrytande undersöker sedan författaren hur feministisk teknovetenskap och posthumanistisk teori kan användas som konkret metod för analys. Genom att applicera både närhet och diffraktion till det normbrytande empiriska materialet finner författaren det hon valt att kalla Teknoemotioner – konceptuella agenter som har sitt ursprung i sammanflätningar av digitala, sociala, mänskliga och icke-mänskliga material och kompositioner. Fyra teknoemotioner är särskilt framträdande, dessa är: förtroende, sanning, tid och förkroppsligande men författaren nämner också friktion och frusna berättelser som viktiga för att förstå fenomenet normbrytande delningar i sociala medier. Förtroende, sanning, tid och förkroppsligande är teknoemotioner som befinner sig i mellanrummet mellan skilda delningspraktiker i sociala medier. Dessas teknoemotioner skapar förutsättningar och påverkar upplevelser, ger indikationer om möjliga skillnader och likheter som är av betydelse för hur vi blir tillsammans med digitala material genom sociala medier. Författaren ger exempel på att det visserligen ofta är först i sin frånvaro som teknoemotioner blir uppenbara och får agens. Därmed konstaterar författaren att teknoemotioner också ofta är sin motsats. Analysen visar vidare att användare ofta uppfattar teknoemotionerna som valbara, exempelvis sanning. I sociala medier är sanning ofta en komplex agent, som ifrågasätts eller behandlat som något var och en får/kan avgöra på egen hand. Förtroende likaså. Med teknoemotionen, förkroppsligande, framgår också en tvetydighet, där kroppen (den fysiska) saknas i det virtuella rummet även om digitala kroppar är högst närvarande. Kan det vara så att känslan av anonymitet växer sig starkare om jag kan välja att vara i eller utanför min kropp?  Slutligen, tid. Tid är inte detsamma på internet som vi är vana. Där är tid ett högt arbiträrt begrepp och vi befinner oss i vår historia, samtid och till viss del även får framtid simultant. Avhandlingen avslutas med en metareflektion över hur det är möjligt att skapa kunskap om komplexa posthumanistiska fenomen där mänsklig handlingsförmåga vävs samman med digitala material och dess skilda rationaliteter. Genom att efterfråga alternativa ideal för kunskapsutveckling och design där etik, politik och makt är viktiga inslag hoppas författaren på en kritisk och alternativ förståelse av den verklighetsproduktion som sociala medier (och andra posthumana fenomen) bidrar till.

This diploma thesis deals with the construction design of a non-autonomous universal machine used for suction of free dirt on assembly lines for headlights according to customer requirements. This diploma thesis also focuses on safety analyses, a draft of development diagram for a control logic machine, and on a scheme of pneumatic mechanism. The thesis contains an illustration of design documentation.