The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb. 10, 2010). Thesis advisor: Alex Waigandt. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1969. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2007. / Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing. Includes bibliographical references. Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

Orientador: Maria Beatriz Duarte Gavião / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T16:30:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leme_MarinaSeveri_D.pdf: 1841366 bytes, checksum: 4f6f01ad18a2009a7fa7d7f25ee40691 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Essa tese foi dividida em dois capítulos. Capítulo 1: O desenvolvimento da maloclusão é o resultado de interações entre fatores genéticos e ambientais, e a função orofacial é considerada um fator ambiental. Dessa forma, o presente estudo objetivou determinar a prevalência de disfunção orofacial e maloclusão, e estabelecer a interrelação entre disfunção orofacial e maloclusão em crianças e adolescentes de 4 a 14 anos de idade. A amostra consistiu de 1561 sujeitos divididos em quatro grupos: Dentição decídua (DD), Dentição mista 1º período transitório (DM1), Dentição mista 2º período transitório (DM2) e Dentição permanente (DP). A disfunção orofacial foi avaliada usando o Nordic Orofacial Test ¿ Screening (NOT-S) e a maloclusão foi avaliada utilizando critérios sugeridos por Grabowski et al. 2007, e, a partir disso a amostra foi subdividida em grupos sem maloclusão e com os tipos de maloclusão. A análise estatística consistiu de análise descritiva dos dados, e aplicação dos testes Qui-quadrado, Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis. A prevalência da maloclusão encontrada foi de 64.9% na DD, 83.2% na DM1, 80.4% na DM2 e 90.7% na DP, sendo a sobressaliência aumentada a maloclusão mais frequente. A frequência de disfunção orofacial encontrada foi de 86.6% na DD, 88.1% na DM1, 91.3% na DM2 e 89.6% na DP, sendo a presença de hábitos a disfunção mais frequente. Os grupos de maloclusão Classe II bilateral (no grupo DD), mordida aberta anterior (nos grupos DD e DP), classe III unilateral, mordida cruzada posterior unilateral e bilateral (no grupo DD e DP) apresentaram mais disfunção orofacial quando comparados ao grupo sem maloclusão. Como conclusão, a prevalência de maloclusão e disfunção orofacial na população avaliada é alta, e verificou-se uma relação positiva entre maiores impactos de fisfunção orofacial e presença de maloclusão. Capítulo 2: Os hábitos orais deletérios (HOD) são disfunção orofacial cujo possível fator etiológico é a ansiedade. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste capítulo foi avaliar a relação entre HOD e sintomas de ansiedade em crianças e adolescentes de 7 a 14 anos. A amostra (n=1174) foi dividida em 3 grupos : Dentição mista 1º período transitório (DM1), Dentição mista 2º período transitório (DM2) e Dentição permanente (DP). A avaliação dos HOD foi realizada usando-se o domínio III (hábitos) do NOT-S e os sintomas de ansiedade foram avaliados utilizando o Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC). A prevalência de HOD encontrada foi de 69.5% na DM1, 78.9% na DM2, 77.1 na DP. O HOD mais frequente foi a onicofagia. Os escores do MASC foram maiores em meninas nos grupos DM2 e DP. Os grupos de hábito apresentaram mais sintomas de ansiedade quando comparados ao grupo sem hábito nos grupos DM1, DM2 e DP. Conclui-se que crianças e adolescentes com HOD apresentaram, significativamente, mais sintomas de ansiedade / Abstract: This thesis was divided in two chapters. Chapter 1: The development of maloclusion is the result of interactions of genetically and environmental factors. The orofacial function is considered an environmental factor. In this way, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of orofacial dysfunction and malocclusions and to establish the interrelation between orofacial dysfunction and malocclusion in children and adolescents aged 4 to 14 year-old. Sample was constituted by 1561 subjects divided in four groups: Primary dentition (PRD), Intermediate mixed dentition (IMD), Late mixed dentition (LMD) and Permanent dentition (PD). The orofacial dysfunction was assessed using the Nordic orofacial test-screening (NOT-S) and malocclusion was assessed using the criteria of Grabowski et al., 2007, by this the sample was subdivided in malocclusion and no malocclusion groups. Statistical analysis constituted of descriptive analysis, chi-squared partition and independence tests, and Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Rates from malocclusion prevalence was 64.9% in PRD, 83.2% in IMD, 80.4% in LMD and 90.7% in PD, being increased overjet the most common malocclusion found. The frequency for orofacial dysfunction observed was 86.6% in PRD, 88.1% in IMD, 91.3% in LMD and 89.6% in PD, being the presence of deleterious oral habits the most frequent one. Malocclusion groups of bilateral class II (in PRD), frontal open bite (in PRD and PD), unilateral class III and unilateral and bilateral posterior crossbite (in PD) presented significant more orofacial dysfunction compared to no malocclusion group. As conclusion, the prevalence of malocclusion and orofacial dysfunction in assessed sample were high and it was detected a positive interrelation between higher impacts on orofacial dysfunction and the presence of malocclusion. Chapter 2: Deleterious oral habits (DOH) are orofacial dysfunction whit anxiety as a possible etiological factor. In this way, this chapter objective to evaluate the relationship between DOH and symptoms of anxiety in children and adolescents aged from 7 to 14 year-old. Subjects (n=1174) were divided in 3 groups: Intermediate mixed dentition (IMD), Late mixed dentition (LMD) and Permanent dentition (PD). The assessment of DOH was done using the domain III (Habits) of the NOT-S and anxious symptoms were assessed using the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC). Data were analysed descriptivaly and with Chi-squared, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The prevalence of DOH was 69.5 % in IMD, 78.9% in LMD and 77.1% in PD. The most frequent one in the assessed groups was nail biting. MASC scores were higher in females in LMD and PD. Habit groups presented more symptoms of anxiety when compared to Habit free group in IMD, LMD and PD. As conclusion children and adolescents with DOH presented significant more symptoms of anxiety / Doutorado / Odontopediatria / Doutora em Odontologia

Loss of earning capacity is a concept that is relevant to actions in which a wrongdoer is held liable for the detrimental effect of his actions on a claimant’s capacity to generate an income.Take the example of a claimant who had worked as a shift leader in a mine but after a damage-causing event is only capable of working above ground as a clerk. By comparing his salary pre-morbid with his salary post-morbid, it is possible to calculate the difference. This difference, if the former is the greater, constitutes the damage suffered by the claimant and, as such, the amount constitutes what he can claim as compensation.In an instance where a person is not in a position to furnish evidence about his earnings pre- and post-morbid, nevertheless, the court may award compensation for the claimant’s loss of earnings.Essentially, the compensation is payment for loss of earning capacity and not for loss of earnings.In making such an award, the court recognises that the claimant experiences a partial or total impairment of his capacity to generate an income.Koch states that in such problematic cases the courts often shy away from quantifying a claimant’s estimated annual income.Instead of employing the sum-formula approach,the courts opt for a general assessment using the “some-how-or-other” approach.What seems at first like a straightforward pre- and post-morbid calculation therefore is fraught with intricate theoretical questions. Although this problem is more evident in cases of unemployed claimants and children, it may also occur in other cases where loss of earning capacity is one of the heads of damages. / Prof. J.W.G. Van der Walt

Understanding the concept of the accident process plays a significant role in determining the course of treatment for the industrially injured. The accident process suggests that underlying psycho-social factors may result in the occurrence and/or maintenance of a state of disability. This disabled state provides greater needs satisfaction for the individual than his habitual behavioral repertoire. the development of the accident process suggests a state of crisis, either as a result of chronic difficulty or an acute reaction to sudden onset of illness or injury. Total rehabilitation of the individual is facilitated by a crisis intervention approach.

The need for a new technique for assessing the physical ability of severely disabled persons became evident through experience with some of the existing techniques. A technique was developed which attempts to overcome some of the difficulties found with the other techniques. One of the distinguishing properties of this technique is that it is norm independent. This means it does not reference a normal scale of performance, thus it does not compare the performance of a disabled person to a standard established by able-bodied persons. Additional properties possessed by this technique also set it apart from the others: it is limited to a test of manipulation ability; it generates a profile of ability; it incurs only a minimal expense; it requires only a minimal amount of time; and there is no required training course for the administrator. / M.S.

Thesis (DPhil (Psychology))—University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ABSTRACT: This study, within the fields of occupational therapy and occupational science, describes the occupations of isiXhosa-speaking individuals with longstanding histories of mental illness living in chronic poverty. Occupation refers to the daily tasks and purposeful activities which, in occupying people’s time, establish the patterns of their lives and give expression to their roles, identity, interests and abilities. The aim of this study was to describe how poor households and persons with psychiatric disability living in those households coped with their circumstances and how they viewed, orchestrated, drew meaning from and attributed purpose to the everyday things they did, in particular the self-identified, primary income generating occupation of the disabled person. The research questions elicited information about the genesis, characteristics, meanings and functions of occupation, in particular those occupations performed by the disabled member that contributed to the survival of the household. Using case study methodology, the research involved prolonged engagement with five households living in a peri-urban, informal settlement on the outskirts of Cape Town, South Africa. Qualitative data about occupation was derived through demographic screening, multiple interviews with key informants in each household, participant observation and focus group discussion. In addition, discussions were held with mental health professionals familiar with the context and the Xhosa culture. Four forms of data analysis and interpretation (Kavale, 1996; Stake,1995) were applied to develop substantive case studies: condensation (identification of major organising ideas); categorisation (thematic categorical aggregation); patterning (narrative structuring) and generalisation (naturalistic interpretation). In addition, discussions were held with mental health professionals familiar with the context and the Xhosa culture. Four forms of data analysis and interpretation (Kavale, 1996; Stake, 1995) were applied were applied to develop substantive case studies: condensation (identification of major organising ideas); categorisation (thematic categorical aggregation); patterning (narrative structuring) and generalisation (naturalistic interpretation). Thematic descriptions of the basics of occupation are used to illustrate the various ways participants negotiated the challenges of life at the margins of society through the ordinary things they did everyday. Cross case analysis provided insights into the financial and social costs of mental illness as well as the strategies, embedded in occupation, adopted by participants in dealing with their circumstances. The central thesis of this dissertation is that psychiatrically disabled people, as economic actors functioning in complex structural, social and occupational matrices, contribute in paradoxical ways to the survival of their households. While their illness behaviour may increase the vulnerability of the household from time to time, they nevertheless facilitate its functioning either as providers of a disability grant; as contributors of additional labour or as productive income generating agents. The individual, the social and the structural are co-constituted in what poor and disabled people are able to do everyday. The less resources that are available in the occupational form, the more effort is needed to perform occupations and the more reliance is placed on the informal relational economy. Relative mastery of constrained circumstances occurred by optimising the goodness of fit between occupational form and occupational performance through adaptive capacity, an under-recognised form of agency in the context of chronic poverty. Looking beyond the obscuring façade of psychiatric disability at the ordinary things people did everyday revealed their capacity to strategise practically and attitudinally in support of the household’s survival. The study heightens awareness of human experiences that have been overlooked in the occupational science and occupational therapy literature, in particular how the basics of occupation operate in resource constrained environments. This contribution to knowledge about human occupation will inform mental health occupational therapy practice and community based psychiatric services concerned with the inclusion of disabled people in promoting social development. / OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie val binne die gebied van arbeidsterapie en ‘occupational science’. Dit beskryf die ‘occupations’ van Xhosa-sprekende individue met ‘n geskiedenis van geestesongesteldheid wat in kroniese armoede in informele nedersettings aan die buitewyke van Kaapstad, Suid-Afrika woon. ‘Occupation’ verwys na die daaglikse take en doelgerigte aktiwiteite wat mense se tyd in beslag neem; die patrone en ritmes van hul lewens bevestig en wat uitdrukking gee aan hul verskeie rolle, identiteit, belangstellings en vermoëns. Die doel van die studie was om inligting te verkry oor die oorsprong, eienskappe, betekenis en funksies van ’occupation’ in die konteks van armoede en veral met betrekking tot die psigiatries gestremde lid se belewenis en bydrae tot die huishouding se oorlewing deur sy of haar self-geidentifiseerde, primêre winsgewende ‘occupation’. Verlengde verbintenis met vyf huishoudings en sleutel informante as gevalstudies het die verkryging van kwalitatiewe data oor ‘occupation’ deur onderhoude, waarneming en fokusgroepe moontlik gemaak. Onderhoude met geestesgesondheidspesialiste vertroud met die konteks en die Xhosakultuur is ook gevoer. Vier tipes data-analise en interpretasie (Kavale, 1996; Stake, 1995) is toegepas om die ontwikkeling van substantiewe gevallestudies moontlik te maak: kondensasie (identifisering en organisasie van belangrike idees); kategorisering (tematiese sorteering van eenhede van betekenis); motief (narratiewe strukturering) en veralgemening (naturalistiese interpretasie). Kruisgevalanalise is toegepas om inligting oor die finansiële en sosiale kostes van ‘n psigiatriese stoornis in die konteks van armoede te bekom asook die ‘occupational’ strategieë waarvan informante in die hantering van hul omstandighede gebruik gemaak het. Die slotsom van hierdie verhandeling is dat psigiatries gestremde persone wat in die konteks van kroniese armoede ‘n bestaan probeer voer, op paradoksale maniere ‘n bydrae tot die voortbestaan van hul huishoudings lewer. Terwyl hulle siektegedrag die kwesbaarheid van die huishouding van tyd tot tyd laat toeneem, maak hulle nieteenstaande die oorlewing van die huishouding moontlik deur ‘n kombinasie van die volgende bydraes: die verskaffing van bykomende arbeid; die beskikbaarstelling van ‘n ongeskiktheidstoelaag en die produktiewe uitvoering van winsgewende ‘occupations’ in die sogenaamde ‘tweede’ of informele ekonomie. Die individuele, die sosiale en die strukturele is aan mekaar verbonde en beinvloed sodanig wat arm en gestremde mense daagliks in staat is om te doen. Hoe minder materiele komponente en hulpbronne in die ‘occupational form’ beskikbaar is, hoe groter is die inspanning wat benodig word om ‘occupation’ uit te voer en hoe meer afhanklik word die gestremde persoon op die informele sosiale ekonomie. Die teenoorgestelde is ook waar. Die kapasiteit vir aanpasbaarheid, ‘n miskende vorm van agentskap in die konteks van kroniese armoede, maak die bemeestering van beperkte omstandighede moontlik. Die kapasiteit vir aanpasbaarheid is geleë in die vermoë om strategies, prakties en sielkundig te funksioneer. Die studie vergroot die bewustheid van menslike ervarings wat oor die hoof gesien is in die arbeidsterapie en ‘occupational science’ literatuur, veral hoe die basiese beginsels van ‘occupation’ funksioneer in omgewings wat gekenmerk word deur deprivasie en beperkte materiële besittings. Hierdie bydrae tot kennis oor ‘occupation’ sal arbeidsterapiepraktyk en gemeenskaps-gebaseerde psigiatriese dienste toelig asook die insluiting van psigiatries gestremde persone in maatskaplike ontwikkeling bevorder.

Thesis (MHSc--Health Science) -- AUT University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references. Also held in print (1 v. ; 30 cm.) in the Archive at the City Campus (T 617.103 FAD)

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.Fam.Med)-University of Natal, Durban, 1994.