This study is the first to measure the interaction of socioemotional wealth (SEW) and social capital, consisting of community and institution, and their impact in post-disaster recovery of small family businesses. Hierarchical multiple regression is used based on a sample of 79 small family businesses in Indonesia. Our findings suggest that family firms in post-disaster situation are able to pursue both SEW goals and economic gains, thus breaking the trade-off between SEW vs. economic benefits. More specifically, we found that SEW—as a strategic decision making tool—shows its prominence on the interaction between SEW-community and SEW-institution. This implies that small family businesses need to find synergy between socioemotional endowments and social capital to help them to bounce back and recover after a disaster.

Final Thesis, Master of Business Administration & Economic Program, Field of Research: Management, School of Business & Economics at Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden, 4FE10E, Spring 2015. Author: David Häggberg Supervisor: Richard Nakamura (Daniel Ericsson) Title: Ground-Breaking Contingency Planning with Risk- & Disaster Management Subtitle: A Case Study at Höganäs Japan K.K. Background: On the 11th of March 2011, Japan was hit with one of the largestearthquakes in modern history at a magnitude of 9.0 on the Richter scale. Thiscaused wide spreading and lasting delays in production in large parts of the worlddue to organizations supply chain being connected to Japan. Subsequently RiskManagement has received renewed and increasing attention, both in Japan and therest of the world. The proactive concept of Risk Management primary builds itsmodels around probability and utilizes this concept as a basis for determining whichrisks that should be mitigated through countermeasures and financial investments.Though when faced with an environment filled with uncertainty and an additionallevel of indirect risk exposure due to the potential domino effect of natural disasterssuch as earthquakes, can Risk Management really handle that, a world whereprobability fails? The reactive approach used by Disaster Management mightcontain clues for making Risk Management more flexible. Research Question: How can a transnational corporation adapt their RiskManagement strategy and plan for contingencies in a country with an unstablenatural environment? Purpose: This thesis seeks to investigate how a strategy for Risk Management canbe created and adapted with the regard to uncertainties such as an unstableenvironmental situation. The goal is further to highlight how traditional RiskManagement can be combined with other related areas such as DisasterManagement, in order to make a more complete strategy and a more flexible plan foraction. An adaption to the Risk Management strategy that would be made in order tomake the strategy applicable on a global level and including areas with unstableenvironmental situations. Method: This study has utilized a multi-strategy approach and the main source ofdata for this case study has come from semi-structured interviews and acomplementary survey. The author has found it necessary to adopt a pragmaticstandpoint with a qualitative focus in order to explore the research question andunderstand the collected data to its fullest extent. Conclusion: Adopting the local practices and mindset that strives to constantlysecure the supply chain and fulfill customer obligations by creating contingenciesthe risk exposure can be mitigated. Utilizing a quickly adaptable approach instead oflong-term planning in combination with concepts such as a Disaster Recovery Planthe Risk Management strategy can be altered towards becoming more flexible.

The aim of this research is to test the feasibility of using remote sensing-based information products and services to support the planning, monitoring and evaluation of recovery after disaster. The thesis begins by outlining the process of post-disaster recovery, what it entails and who is involved. The data and information needs at different stages of the disaster cycle are introduced and the importance of monitoring and evaluating post-disaster recovery is discussed. The literature review introduces the high-spatial-resolution remote sensing market and the technology focusing on current sensors’ capabilities. This is followed by a review of previous attempts to measure post-disaster recovery by practitioners and academics. At the end of the chapter a list of recovery indicators, suitable for remote sensing analysis, are presented and assessed through a user needs survey. In chapter 3, the six recovery categories and thirteen indicators identified in the literature review form a framework for the retrospective analysis of recovery in Thailand and Pakistan. A selection of results is presented to demonstrate the usefulness of remote sensing as a recovery monitoring tool. To assess its reliability, the results from the satellite image analysis are triangulated against narratives and datasets acquired on the ground. The next two chapters describe work done whilst providing real-time support to two humanitarian agencies operating in Port-au-Prince one-and-a-half years after the 2010 Haiti earthquake. Chapter 4 describes how geospatial tools were used to support a British Red Cross integrated reconstruction project for 500 households living in an informal settlement. The chapter describes how geospatial tools were used as a rapid assessment tool, and to support cadastral and enumeration mapping and the community participatory process. While previous chapters focus on the manual analysis of satellite imagery, chapter 5 reports how semi-automatic analyses of satellite imagery were used to support UN-Habitat by monitoring a planned camp and large-scale instances of spontaneous settlement. The conclusion to the thesis summarises the key lessons learnt from the retrospective analysis of recovery in Thailand and Pakistan and the real-time application in Haiti. Recommendations are then made on how to effectively use remote sensing in support of post-disaster recovery focussing on what to measure, when and how. Recognising that a mixed-method approach can best monitor recovery, recommendations are also made on how to integrate remote sensing with existing tools.

Magister Commercii (Information Management) - MCom(IM) / This thesis examines what a Business Continuity Plan (BCP) should comprise off, as well as the difference between a BCP and a Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP) and the key elements of an effective BCP as well as the different types of disasters. It also investigates why companies that have BCP in place and conducts testing of their plan on a regular basis, either quarterly or bi-annually, still experience prolonged downtime during a disaster resulting in Service Level Agreements (SLA) not being met or major financial loses. It also inspects acceptable processes within a BCP to determine whether there are ways of improving these processes to prevent companies from experiencing prolonged downtime. The objective of this research is to determine and understand: Why organisations within the Western Cape experience prolonged downtimes during a disaster event. The potential deficiencies in a BCP and how they can be amended. A case study of four companies based in the Western Cape was conducted. These companies were chosen because each of them has a BCP in place and each have experienced prolonged downtime during a disaster. Qualitative interviews with the aid of an open-ended questionnaire were used to interview the BCP or Risk Manager of each company. The data was analysed to determine what the causes of their prolonged downtime were during a disaster. In the analysis and findings process each company is presented as a separate case study. The intension with this research study is to add an additional concept to the Common BCP Process that was identified within this study and that formed the basis for the Conceptual Framework, thereby reducing the downtime during a disaster for the companies that formed part of the research.

This thesis focuses on the topics of Business Continuity Management and Disaster Recov-ery Management in the context of small and medium sized businesses which offer or use IT services in the cloud. The aim of this thesis is to carry out a theoretical research of BCM and DRM in the aforementioned context and to analyze situation in a specific company based on the results of the research. This includes analysis of specific incidents that hap-pened in the company, analysis of how the company reacts to the incidents and how are the incidents logged and reported. The analysis identifies weak spots in the company and their potentials of improvement. The most serious weak spot discovered is that BCM and DRM are not implemented in the company. In the last part this thesis suggests measures to im-prove the situation in the specific company. That includes both specifying general goals and procedures and also defining specific policies, plans and reaction schemes. Specifically those are politics handling the incidents categorization, warning and communication, inci-dent reporting and performing maintenance.

The concept of business continuity management has gained wide acceptance in recent years. Recent natural disasters such as the 2004 tsunami and terrorist activities such as the 911 World Trade Centre bombing, has emphasised the importance of business continuity management. Many of these events had catastrophic consequences, which left most executives faced with the challenge of improving the continuity of their organisation. Not to long ago, these executives were also faced with the challenge of managing their IT investments in such a way that it is aligned with the strategic goals of the organisation. An initiative referred to as IT governance was developed and IT governance frameworks instantly assisted executives to obtain direct business value from IT investments. The problem statement addressed in this research is the lack of a generally accepted business continuity management framework. This research aims to leverage of the success of IT governance in an attempt to establish the beginnings of a framework for business continuity management. In addition, the research also illustrates a paradigm shift where the enterprise continuity of a typical organisation has evolved from disaster recovery to business continuity management. The research approach executed is based on the interpretivism paradigm and is used to interpret the results of the research methodology and research method. The research methodology consists of a literature survey and empirical study whereas a content analysis is used as the research method. / Dissertation (M.Com (Informatics))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Informatics / unrestricted

This is a study of how two small neighbourhoods, Mano and Mikura, recovered from the 1995 Kobe (Japan) earthquake, with a particular focus on the relationship between community vulnerability and capacity. Few studies have examined these interactions, even though vulnerability reduction is recognized to be a vital component of community recovery. Drawing from literature on disaster recovery, community development, vulnerability analysis, community capacity building and the Kobe earthquake, a community vulnerability and capacity model is elaborated from Blaikie et al.’s Pressure and Release Model (1994) to analyze the interactions. The Mano and Mikura cases are analyzed by applying this model and relating outcomes to the community’s improved safety and quality of community lives. Based on the experience of Mano, appropriate long-term community development practices as well as community capacity building efforts in the past can contribute to the reduction of overall community vulnerability in the post-disaster period, while it is recovering. On the other hand, the Mikura case suggests that even though the community experiences high physical and social vulnerability in the pre-disaster period, if the community is able to foster certain conditions, including active CBOs, adequate availability and accessibility to resources, and a collaborative working relationship with governments, the community can make progress on recovery. Although both Mano and Mikura communities achieved vulnerability reduction as well as capacity building, the long-term sustainability of the two communities remains uncertain, as issues and challenges, such as residual and newly emerging physical vulnerability, negative or slow population growth and aging, remained to create vulnerability to future disasters. The case studies reveal the interactions of community vulnerability and capacity to be highly complex and contingent on many contextual considerations. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

abstract: Disasters represent disruptions to stability and offer lessons about how climate adaptation is negotiated and acted on. Viewing adaptation as a negotiation helps understand recovery not just as actions taken to minimize harm, but a reflection of values and motivations surrounding adaptation. This research elicits these perspectives and considers them as part of an ongoing agreement for disaster recovery and adaptation in Puerto Rico. Previous research has characterized recovery as an opportunity for rethinking societal arrangements for climate adaptation and highlights the importance of how adaptation is conceptualized across actors. This study builds on past research by using distinct perspectives to understand recovery as an adaptation process and a co-production of a new ‘social contract’ after Hurricane Maria. Community interviews and government documents are analyzed to understand who is involved, where change is happening, and what resources are necessary for success. The purpose of this is to consider distinct framings of recovery and adaptation, and what these contribute to long-term change. Community interviews give a perspective of local stability and show capacities for immediate and long-term recovery. Similarly, government documents discuss managing foundational vulnerabilities like infrastructure, while navigating recovery given geographical and economic obstacles. Findings show that self-organization and harnessing social capital are crucial components of recovery in the Corcovada community after Maria. They rely on bonding and bridging social capital to mobilize resources and reduce vulnerabilities for future threats. This transformative approach was also present in official recovery documents, though political and economic change were stressed as necessary for stability, along with modernizing infrastructure. While recovery documents suggest connecting physical and social resilience, community residents have cultivated this connection long before Maria. Unlike in Corcovada, the government of Puerto Rico is only starting to view disruptions as windows of opportunity and therefore mention plans for transformation but don’t present actions taken. Further, the reality of vulnerable infrastructural, political and economic systems greatly affects recovery both in Corcovada and across the island. Both perspectives will likely affect actions taken in Puerto Rico and recognizing these unique framings of stability can help design transformative, adaptive social contracts for facing future threats. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Sustainability 2019

As the world continues to globalize, the need for sustainability is becoming increasingly evident. In the tourism industry, an industry that employs 1 out of 10 globally, this is especially true. This industry is composed of a complex web of systems that ebb and flow in unison. The ripple effect of a crisis in this industry can be far-reaching and can negatively impact all global tourism systems. For this reason, tourism stakeholders need to prioritize sustainability, which will strengthen their resilience and ensure that they are well equipped to deal with complex challenges. This paper examines the immediate impact of COVID-19 on tourism stakeholders in Bend, Oregon. Semi-structured interviews were used to explore this subject and shed light on how resilience and adaptive capacity helped specific stakeholders cope during this crisis. This research revealed that the COVID-19 crisis severely impacted all of the tourism stakeholders that were interviewed. Though all stakeholders were impacted, their ability to cope with, adapt to, and innovate during this crisis significantly varied. This research highlights the importance of prioritizing resilience within the tourism industry to ensure that tourism stakeholders will be able to cope with the complex challenges that they encounter as our world continues to change.

The effects of a technology disaster on an organization can include a prolonged disruption, loss of reputation, monetary damages, and the inability to remain in business. Although much is known about disaster recovery and business continuance, not much research has been produced on how businesses can leverage other technology frameworks to assist information technology disaster recovery. The problem was the lack of organizational knowledge to recover from computer crime interruptions given the maturity level of existing disaster recovery programs. The purpose of this Delphi study was to understand how disaster recovery controls and processes can be modified to improve response to a computer crime caused business interruption. The overarching research question in this study was to understand what factors emerge relative to the ability of disaster recovery programs to respond to disasters caused by computer crimes. The conceptual framework included a maturity model to look at how programs might be improved to respond to the computer crimes threat. Research data were collected from a 3 round Delphi study of 22 disaster recovery experts in the fields of disaster recovery and information security. Results from the Delphi encompass a consensus by the panel. Key findings included the need for planning for cyber security, aligning disaster recovery with cyber security, providing cyber security training for managers and staff, and applying lessons learned from experience. Implications for positive social change include the ability for organizations to return to an acceptable level of operation and continue their service benefiting employees, customers, and other stakeholders.