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Le respect des normes de rejets aqueux industriels imposées par la directive cadre sur l’eau (échéances en 2021) concernant les micropolluants, et notamment les phtalates, nécessite la mise au point de procédés de traitement innovants. L’étude du procédé basé sur le couplage ozone/charbon actif a ainsi été effectuée. Après la détermination des propriétés chimiques et texturales des charbons actifs testés, l’efficacité de ce couplage pour l’élimination des phtalates a été éprouvée selon plusieurs critères : cinétique d’élimination des polluants cibles, évolution de la minéralisation et de la toxicité au cours du traitement. La comparaison des résultats obtenus avec ceux de méthodes classiques (ozonation et adsorption seules) a mis en évidence le fort potentiel du couplage ozone/charbon actif, qui permet d’obtenir une élimination rapide des polluants ainsi qu’une minéralisation et une détoxification avancées dans toutes les conditions expérimentales testées. Ce couplage c’est aussi révélé efficace lors du traitement de matrices plus complexes, telle qu’une eau de sortie de station d’épuration. En outre, cette étude a permis de déterminer les propriétés chimiques et texturales du charbon actif favorisant ce procédé. Il a aussi été montré que ce matériau joue un rôle d’initiateur et de promoteur de radicaux libres (les réactions sont très majoritairement de nature radicalaire) ainsi que de support réactionnel. Enfin, cette étude a montré qu’une régénération in situ du matériau, économiquement très intéressante, pourrait être obtenue au cours du traitement. / In order to comply with the standards governing the discharge of industrial effluents (Water Framework Directive, target date 2021) concerning micropollutants, in particular phthalates, innovative wastewater treatment processes have to be used. The present research addresses this issue through a study of ozone/activated carbon coupling. After determining the textural and chemical properties of several activated carbons, the efficiency of this coupling for the removal of phthalates was tested according to the following criteria: degradation kinetics of the target pollutants and evolution of both toxicity and mineralization during the process. Compared to the classical methods (ozonation or adsorption used separately), coupling proved to be highly efficient. It enables the fast removal of pollutants with a significant decrease in mineralization and toxicity. Coupling also proved to be efficient for the treatment of more complex matrices such as municipal wastewater treatment outflow. Moreover, the activated carbon properties which favour the process have also been determined. It is shown that, in this coupling, the material acts as a radical initiator and promoter (the reactions are mainly radical in nature) and as a reaction support. Lastly, the study also shows that in situ regeneration of the activated carbon, which would be economically attractive, could be achieved during the process.

O Triodo de corona com corrente constante foi utilizado em medidas da evolução do potencial de superfície de amostras de FEP 12 e 25 &#956m, carregadas com corona positiva e negativa no FEP 12 e 25 &#956m carregadas com corona positiva e negativa no ar e no nitrogênio. Estas medidas permitem concluir que não há diferença a nível de transporte de cargas entre os resultados com os dois gases. Apenas a umidade é importante para a subida e o decaimento do potencial de superfície. A subida do potencial de superfície de amostras de FEP 12 &#956m carregadas com corona negativa foi interpretada por meio da justaposição de dois modelos teóricos. No material só existem armadilhas profundas, em número finito, tanto na superfície quanto no volume; sendo que as de volume estão uniformemente distribuídas. Nenhum decaimento significativo de potencial é observado. A superfície desempenha um papel predominante na captura e injeção de portadores nas amostras de 12 &#956m carrega - das com corona positiva. Um modelo teórico que supõe schubweg dependente do campo médio reproduz os resultados experimentais. / The corona triode with constant current was used to measure the evolution of surface potential of FEP 12 and 25 &#956m samples, charged with positive and negative corona in air and in nitrogen. No difference in the transport properties in thin samples was observed when the gas was changed and this allowed us to conclude that electrons and holes are the carriers responsible by the transport of charge in the material. Only the moisture is important to the build up and decay of surface potential. The build up of surface potential of 12 &#956m samples charged with negative corona was interpreted by means of a deep fast trapping model in the beginning, followed by an increase of the trapping time when saturation is approached. Surface traps are also present. No significative potential decay is observed. The surface performs an important role in the trap¬ ping and injection of carriers into the bulk of 12 &#956m samples charged with positive corona. A theoretical model that assumes schubweg dependent on mean electric field fits the experimental results.

Critical zone science seeks to develop mechanistic theories that describe critical zone structure, function, and long-term evolution. One postulate is that hydrogeochemical controls on critical zone evolution can be inferred from solute discharges measured down-gradient of reactive flow paths. These flow paths have variable lengths, interfacial compositions, and residence times, and their mixing is reflected in concentration-discharge (C-Q) relations. Motivation for this special section originates from a U.S. Critical Zone Observatories workshop that was held at the University of New Hampshire, 20-22 July 2015. The workshop focused on resolving mechanistic CZ controls over surface water chemical dynamics across the full range of lithogenic (e.g., nonhydrolyzing and hydrolyzing cations and oxyanions) and bioactive solutes (e.g., organic and inorganic forms of C, N, P, and S), including dissolved and colloidal species that may cooccur for a given element. Papers submitted to this special section on concentration-discharge relations in the critical zone include those from authors who attended the workshop, as well as others who responded to the open solicitation. Submissions were invited that utilized information pertaining to internal, integrated catchment function (relations between hydrology, biogeochemistry, and landscape structure) to help illuminate controls on observed C-Q relations.

The title of my Master's degree thesis is " Reorganization and discharge of debts". I have chosen this topic because of various reasons. Firstly, I consider the need of special legislation for the insolvency as necessary because the enforcement proceedings can be considered fair when the debtor has sufficient assets to satisfy all creditors' claims. In the case of more creditors who the debtor is unable to meet over a long period, then the enforcement proceedings do not achieve this purpose any more. Property relations between the debtor and his creditors need to be arranged equitably so that the registered creditors will be repaid in proportion to the debtor's assets. Furthermore the subject is very close to me because of a half-year traineeship with a trustee. This is a continuously developing branch of private law, which has undergone a significant change during the year 2014 and I had a chance through my thesis to become acquainted with this amendment of the Insolvency act. The aim of my work is to describe the progress of the insolvency proceedings by focusing on remedial actions. A fair debtor, who is taking such a serious-minded and responsible approach to this proceeding, can start new life without debts and creditors may be get higher monetary payment than they would have received through...

Class of 2011 Abstract / OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the appropriateness of discharge antimicrobial medications for UTI in an adult population based on therapy prescribed. METHODS: In this retrospective chart review study the appropriateness of discharge antimicrobial therapy for patients admitted to an academic medical center during 3 weeks in 2010 was assessed based on culture results, estimated renal function, reported drug allergies, route of administration, and change in UTI from in-house to discharge prescribed therapy. RESULTS: A total of 35 patients with discharge UTI antimicrobials within the study period met inclusion criteria and were evaluated. According to available urinary culture and susceptibility data, 22 of 35 (62.8%) of received an appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Based on reported gastrointestinal function, all 35 patients could take oral medications but two patients with an appropriate oral therapy option received intravenous therapy. All patients were discharged with antimicrobials that were appropriate according to patients’ reported drug allergies and only one patient received an antimicrobial agent that was inappropriately adjusted based on the patient’s estimated renal function. UTI antimicrobial therapies were the same at 24 hours prior to discharge and as the discharge antimicrobial in 100% of patient cases evaluated CONCLUSION: The antimicrobial UTI discharge therapy was evaluated for appropriateness based on urine culture results, patients’ allergies, and patients’ estimated renal function. Overall, antimicrobial therapy was only appropriate in 22 of 35 (62.8%) of patients based on the available culture results.

This thesis is an account of a detailed investigation of the properties of a recently-discovered gas discharge - a discharge that operates at a few volts or tens of volts, and which carries a current of the order of amps through a mixture consisting of a hot, atmospheric-pressure rare gas (the "diluent") to which a small amount of alkali metal vapour has been added as an easily-ionised "seed". It is shown that the establishment of the discharge under study is brought about by the breakdown of the gas, which occurs at a breakdown voltage that depends mainly on the electrode spacing, seed pressure, and choice of diluent gas. The discharge itself is shown to consist of two main regions, namely, a constricted, cylindrical positive column that extends from the anode to within a short distance of the cathode, and a thin, glowing sheath that covers the entire cathode surface; the two regions are separated by a dark space. The positive column is shown to expand as current increases, while the value of its electric field is shown to depend mainly on the discharge current, seed pressure, and choice of diluent gas, and hardly at all on the gas temperature or choice of seed metal. The cathode fall is shown to depend mainly on the discharge current, seed pressure, and choice of seed metal. The breakdown of the gas, the positive column of the discharge, and the cathode regions of the discharge are discussed in successive chapters.

The experiment in this study involves the extinguishment of a low-pressure argon discharge by a magnetic field.

The transition from hospital to home or alternate care setting is a time of vulnerability for all patients and particularly for our elders. If not handled appropriately there is a risk to our elders for readmission to the hospital environment that may decrease their overall quality of life and further compromise their health status. in addition to the individual risks associated with patient readmissions, there are societal impacts that reach far beyond our current generation of elders 65 and older. This impact may have dire implications for the future fiscal health of the next generation. a review of the current and past literature shows that there are a limited number of resources available for hospitals to use in order to comply with the new Value Based Purchasing initiatives that are being implemented by CMS regarding the reduction in readmission rates. the problem of hospital readmissions is confounded by the many processes that are available for study, from pre-hospitalization conditions and care through hospitalization, discharge, and finally to post discharge processes. While most research and literature reviews have focused on individual disease causes, there is a need to provide hospitals with a resource that outlines the available options and interventions that have been shown to be effective in reducing hospital readmissions. the purpose of this study is to review relevant literature related to the problem of hospital readmissions for our elder population. This study is designed to look at interventions, both disease based and non-disease based, that have been previously implemented and have shown effective reductions in readmission rates. This analysis and synthesis can provide an important contribution to our understanding of the factors and variables that influence the readmission rates of our elder population. This review has the potential to assist and direct hospital administrators and to discharge planners, social workers, and other health professions to implement intervention strategies that promote the continuing health status of our elder population while reducing their overall rates of readmissions.

A debtor's discharge can be solved within insolvency by a few forms, where this thesis aims attention to a discharge. The issue is a relatively new institute, which has been incorporated to our system of law by Act No. 182/2006 Coll., the insolvency act. The key theme of this thesis is a complex view of a way to solve an individual's bankruptcy by a discharge, without a focus on businessman or discharge of spouses. We count insolvency among private law for its same principals, however in some cases it is quite different and in its own way unique. Czech legal system knows two types of discharge, a discharge by a realization of an insolvency estate and a discharge by fulfilling a payment schedule with a realization of an insolvency estate. Due to the law, we differ two phases of insolvency. The first one is mutual for all the forms of resolving bankruptcy and includes especially initiation of the process, which can be done only by submitting a proposal (of either a debtor or a creditor), also ruling about bankruptcy and insolvency proposal as itself, and finally submission of applications of creditors' claims, while the second one adjusts forms of resolving bankruptcy. Within a discharge we talk mainly about passing of discharge, performing individual types of discharge, possibly dissolution of...