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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Homoafetividade e direitos: repertórios discursivos construídos no âmbito jurídico / Same-sex relationships and rights: Discursive repertoires built in the legal scope

Lima, Raquel Moraes de 27 February 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:16:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2499856 bytes, checksum: 601459d01462aa4d2a441b4d70e3f147 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This doctoral thesis aims at investigating the ways in which the discursive repertoires on same-sex relationships and the rights of sexual minorities are formed in the legal scope. In May 2011, the Supremo Tribunal Federal (Brazilian Supreme Court), in an unprecedented verdict, recognized same-sex unions as family entity, which set new directions to the homosexual movements in Brazil. Although STF s decision indicates a paradigm shift, it is noticeable that unfavorable notions on same-sex relationships and the rights of sexual minorities are still being spread throughout society. In this sense, trying to delineate how law and legal institutions have contributed to the emancipatory processes of the sexual minorities, the discursive repertoires produced in two legal spheres have been analyzed. Those spheres are namely the STF and the academic legal community, which have influenced to a large extent the ways in which the law and society are conceived. In the first study, lexical (ALCESTE) and textual analyses (critical discourse analysis) showed the similarities and differences between the arguments and justifications used by the STF ministers during the pronouncement of their favorable votes to the recognition of same-sex unions. It has been verified the existence of discursive repertoires that vary from the acceptance and recognition of equality to the idea of tolerance (stand with indulgence), supported by the emphasis on differences. From the results collected in the analysis of the STF ministers votes, a questionnaire, marked by objective and essay questions, was elaborated, in order to progress to two more studies (second and third), which were directed to students and professors of the law course at Universidade Federal da Paraíba. In the second study, students and professors opinions were evaluated in relation to three questions: STF ministers justifications; legal, moral, political and social consequences created by the verdict; possible factors to explain homosexuality. In relation to the STF ministers justifications, a lexical analysis proved the existence of discursive repertoires that, even though they reproduce many antagonisms in the STF ministers decision, they did not present in their content the discourse of tolerance. Regarding the consequences created by the verdict, a bigger percentage of repertoires that highlighted the decision as a legal event that helped the social inclusion of sexual minorities may be pointed out. As for the possible factors which can explain homosexuality, the majority of discursive repertoires highlighted the idea that it is a sexual orientation as any other, not a disease. In the third study, it was observed the importance of the insertion in different social groups in the students and professors opinions on those questions, from psychosocial factors: position in the educational process (student or professor), sex, marital status, and religion. The results from the cross-frequency analyses by Pearson s chi-squared test (χ²) indicated that the different social positions of the individuals influenced their visions on the questions asked, especially in what concerns religion. In conclusion, it may be affirmed that, in Brazilian contemporary scenario, the jurisprudential decisions have become important mechanisms to put into effect the rights of minority groups, in a sense that the formation of legal professionals seems to have become increasingly significant when it comes to deconstructing the processes of social inequality. / O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo investigar como se configuram, no âmbito jurídico, os repertórios discursivos acerca da homoafetividade e dos direitos das minorias sexuais. Em maio de 2011, em uma decisão inédita, o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) reconheceu a união homoafetiva como entidade familiar, imprimindo novos rumos à causa dos movimentos homossexuais no Brasil. Contudo, apesar da decisão do STF indicar uma mudança de paradigma, verifica-se que as concepções desfavoráveis sobre a homoafetividade e os direitos das minorias sexuais continuam sendo difundidas pela sociedade. Sendo assim, na tentativa de delinear como o direito e as instituições jurídicas estão contribuindo para os processos de emancipação das minorias sexuais, foram analisados os repertórios discursivos construídos em dois ambientes jurídicos institucionais que têm influenciado fortemente o modo de pensar o direito e a sociedade: o STF e a comunidade acadêmica jurídica. No primeiro estudo, análises lexicais (ALCESTE) e textuais (análise crítica do discurso) mostraram as similitudes e variabilidades existentes entre os argumentos e justificativas utilizados pelos ministros do STF ao proferirem seus votos favoráveis ao reconhecimento da união homoafetiva. Verificou-se a existência de repertórios discursivos com conteúdos que variaram desde a aceitação e o reconhecimento da igualdade até a ideia de tolerância (suportar com indulgência), amparada pela ênfase nas diferenças. A partir dos resultados encontrados na análise dos votos dos ministros do STF, elaborou-se um questionário com perguntas objetivas e subjetivas, a fim de realizar mais dois estudos (segundo e terceiro), com discentes e docentes dos cursos de graduação em Direito da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. No segundo estudo, foram avaliadas as opiniões de alunos e professores acerca de três questionamentos: as justificativas utilizadas pelos ministros do STF; as consequências jurídicas, morais, políticas e sociais geradas pela decisão; e os possíveis fatores explicativos da homossexualidade. Em relação às justificativas utilizadas pelos ministros do STF, uma análise lexical mostrou a existência de repertórios discursivos que, apesar de reproduzirem vários antagonismos presentes na decisão do STF, não apresentaram em seu conteúdo o discurso da tolerância. No que diz respeito às consequências geradas pela decisão, pode-se destacar uma maior porcentagem de repertórios que ressaltaram a decisão como um acontecimento jurídico que auxilia na inclusão social das minorias sexuais. Já no que se refere aos fatores explicativos da homossexualidade, a maior parte dos repertórios discursivos destacaram a ideia de que se trata de uma orientação sexual como outra qualquer, e não de uma doença. No terceiro estudo, verificou-se a importância da inserção em diferentes grupos sociais nas avaliações dos alunos e professores acerca desses questionamentos, a partir dos fatores psicossociais: lugar no processo educativo (aluno ou professor), sexo, estado civil e religião. Os resultados das análises cruzadas de frequências por meio do teste do qui-quadrado (χ2) de Pearson indicaram que as distintas posições sociais dos indivíduos influenciaram as suas visões acerca dos questionamentos realizados, sobretudo no que concerne à religião. Em conclusão, pode-se dizer que, no cenário brasileiro atual, as decisões jurisprudenciais têm se constituído como importantes ferramentas para a efetivação dos direitos de grupos minoritários, de modo que a formação dos profissionais de direito parece ter um papel cada vez mais considerável na desconstrução dos processos de desigualdade social.
2

L'usage politique des droits de l'Homme : trajectoires militantes et répertoires discursifs des nouvelles gauches argentines (1971-2012) / The political uses of human rights : trajectories of political activism and discursive repertoires of the Argentinean new lefts (1971-2012)

Copello, David 22 September 2017 (has links)
Cette recherche explore l’articulation entre les « nouvelles gauches » révolutionnaires et les mobilisations argentines pour les droits de l’Homme à partir des années 1970. Mobilisant archives et entretiens, elle se situe entre sociologie politique et histoire des idées politiques pour reconstruire la trajectoire militante d’un collectif informel d’acteurs et en analyser les répertoires discursifs. La première partie met en évidence le rôle pionnier joué par les nouvelles gauches dans l’émergence des droits de l’Homme comme référence du discours militant en Argentine au début des années 1970. On assiste alors à un processus d’hybridation discursive mêlant radicalité politique et recours à un lexique juridique, dans un contexte de dictature. La deuxième partie montre comment, malgré la domination d’une conception libérale des droits de l’Homme, la spécificité de ce discours radical se préserve suite au retour à l’État de droit à partir des années 1980. Il se précise alors via une série de mises à l’épreuve (procès des juntes, incrimination du militantisme révolutionnaire, attaque d’un régiment militaire par un groupe de gauche armée). La troisième partie, enfin, souligne le fait que l’usage actuel de certaines notions (« génocide », « 30 000 disparus ») relatives au récit de la dictature ne peut être compris que s’il est réinscrit dans les trajectoires étudiées au préalable, lesquelles produisent des significations sui generis. Le répertoire discursif contemporain des droits de l’Homme révolutionnaires est en ce sens tributaire d’une longue évolution, qui rend compte de la fondation d’un nouveau sens commun radical démocrate au sein de la gauche argentine. / This research explores the relationship between the Argentinean revolutionary « New Lefts » and human rights mobilizations since the 1970s. Drawing on both archival work and interviews, it combines approaches from political sociology and the history of political ideas to reconstruct the trajectories of political activism of an informal group of actors, and proposes an analysis of their discursive repertoires. The first part shows that the New Lefts were pioneers in the emergence of human rights as a political discourse in Argentina in the early 1970s. This provided the basis for a hybridization process, in which political radicalness and the use of a juridical vocabulary were intertwined in a context of dictatorship. The second part shows how, although a liberal conception of human rights prevailed in the 1980s, this original radical discourse survived after the reestablishment of the rule of law. It developed and became more precise through a series of tests (trial of the juntas, incrimination of revolutionary activism, attack of a military unit by an armed left-wing group). The third part, lastly, underlines the fact that current uses of certain terms for describing and discussing the period of dictatorship (“genocide”, “30 000 disappeared”) can only be understood in line with the previously studied trajectories, which give them a sui generis meaning. In that perspective, the contemporary discursive repertoire of revolutionary human rights is the result of a long evolution and can only be understood in light of that evolution. Moreover, understanding this history sheds fresh light on how a new radical democratic common sense was established among the Argentinean left.

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