Antibody phage display technology mimics the natural immune system, and has been widely used for rapid isolation of single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) with various binding specificities and affinities in the micromolar to low nanomolar range. SdAbs are the variable regions of immunoglobulins (e.g., VH, VL, VHH) and serve as potential probes with therapeutic value. The small size, high solubility, high expression and stability, and high specificity and affinity for the cognate antigen, make sdAbs ideal in improving drug delivery and the overall therapeutic value of antibodies. The main objective of this thesis was to construct a large VL phage display library (~1010 diversity); analyze it via sequence analysis, and to subtractively pan the library for isolation of Neuropilin-1 (NRP1)-specific VLs. Neuropilin-1 (NRP1), a cell-surface receptor for both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and class 3 Semaphorins (Sema3A), contributes to neuron cell death through its interaction with Sema3A in stroke patients. Disruption of this NRP1-Sema3A interaction would allow for axonal outgrowth and neuron regeneration in the area of the brain affected by stroke. Construction of the synthetic phage antibody library utilized a single VL framework with selected positions in the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) targeted for randomization in vitro using synthetic oligonucleotides that introduced sequence degeneracy. Specific VLs were then selected from the repertoire through subtractive panning against a cell line endogenously expressing NRP1 (PC12) as well as a negative cell line that does not express NRP1 (HEK293) with competitive elution carried out using a synthetic Sema3A-derived peptide. Fifteen VL clones were isolated, cloned in E. coli, expressed and purified, and of these, nine were determined to be non-aggregating by size exclusion chromatography. Further studies will determine the potential therapeutic use of these VL sdAbs as agents in recovery from stroke and neuron degeneration.

With the ever increasing amount of digital information, information workers desire more screen real estate to process their daily desktop work. Thanks to the quick advance in display technology, big screens are increasingly affordable and have been gradually adopted in desktop computing environments. A large wall-size high resolution display, a recent emerging class of display which possesses a huge visualization surface, could potentially benefit information processing work. In this dissertation we investigate such a large display as the primary working space for information processing work. We firstly conducted a longitudinal diary study and three control experiments investigating effects of a large display on information processing work. The longitudinal diary study investigates large display use in a personal desktop computing context by comparing it with single- and dual-monitor. The three controlled experiments further investigate the effects of two factors determining resolution of a display—physical size and pixel-density on users’ performance and behaviors. The diary study reveals the distinct behavior patterns of large display users in partitioning screen space and managing windows, while the control experiments deeply reveal the effects of the physical size and pixel density of a display on different information processing tasks. Aside from studying a continuous large display, we also articulate how interior bezels within a tiled-monitor large display affect users’ performance and behaviors in basic visual search and action tasks via a series of controlled experiments. Based on the understanding of large display effects and users’ behavior patterns, we then design new interaction techniques to address a big challenge of working on a large display: managing overflowing windows. We design and implement a large display oriented window management system prototype: WallTop. It includes a set of interaction techniques that provide greater flexibility for managing windows. Usability tests show that users can quickly and easily learn the new techniques and apply them to realistic window management tasks with increased efficiency on a large display.

With the ever increasing amount of digital information, information workers desire more screen real estate to process their daily desktop work. Thanks to the quick advance in display technology, big screens are increasingly affordable and have been gradually adopted in desktop computing environments. A large wall-size high resolution display, a recent emerging class of display which possesses a huge visualization surface, could potentially benefit information processing work. In this dissertation we investigate such a large display as the primary working space for information processing work. We firstly conducted a longitudinal diary study and three control experiments investigating effects of a large display on information processing work. The longitudinal diary study investigates large display use in a personal desktop computing context by comparing it with single- and dual-monitor. The three controlled experiments further investigate the effects of two factors determining resolution of a display—physical size and pixel-density on users’ performance and behaviors. The diary study reveals the distinct behavior patterns of large display users in partitioning screen space and managing windows, while the control experiments deeply reveal the effects of the physical size and pixel density of a display on different information processing tasks. Aside from studying a continuous large display, we also articulate how interior bezels within a tiled-monitor large display affect users’ performance and behaviors in basic visual search and action tasks via a series of controlled experiments. Based on the understanding of large display effects and users’ behavior patterns, we then design new interaction techniques to address a big challenge of working on a large display: managing overflowing windows. We design and implement a large display oriented window management system prototype: WallTop. It includes a set of interaction techniques that provide greater flexibility for managing windows. Usability tests show that users can quickly and easily learn the new techniques and apply them to realistic window management tasks with increased efficiency on a large display.

Antibody phage display technology mimics the natural immune system, and has been widely used for rapid isolation of single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) with various binding specificities and affinities in the micromolar to low nanomolar range. SdAbs are the variable regions of immunoglobulins (e.g., VH, VL, VHH) and serve as potential probes with therapeutic value. The small size, high solubility, high expression and stability, and high specificity and affinity for the cognate antigen, make sdAbs ideal in improving drug delivery and the overall therapeutic value of antibodies. The main objective of this thesis was to construct a large VL phage display library (~1010 diversity); analyze it via sequence analysis, and to subtractively pan the library for isolation of Neuropilin-1 (NRP1)-specific VLs. Neuropilin-1 (NRP1), a cell-surface receptor for both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and class 3 Semaphorins (Sema3A), contributes to neuron cell death through its interaction with Sema3A in stroke patients. Disruption of this NRP1-Sema3A interaction would allow for axonal outgrowth and neuron regeneration in the area of the brain affected by stroke. Construction of the synthetic phage antibody library utilized a single VL framework with selected positions in the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) targeted for randomization in vitro using synthetic oligonucleotides that introduced sequence degeneracy. Specific VLs were then selected from the repertoire through subtractive panning against a cell line endogenously expressing NRP1 (PC12) as well as a negative cell line that does not express NRP1 (HEK293) with competitive elution carried out using a synthetic Sema3A-derived peptide. Fifteen VL clones were isolated, cloned in E. coli, expressed and purified, and of these, nine were determined to be non-aggregating by size exclusion chromatography. Further studies will determine the potential therapeutic use of these VL sdAbs as agents in recovery from stroke and neuron degeneration.

No description available.

An autostereoscopic display based on a Holographic Optical Element(HOE) presents new opportunities for faithful 3D displaying but also presents potential new problems, such as: accuracy of 3D objects, interactivity and user perception. In this evaluation, which is the first of its kind for this type of display, I have explored and tested methods and tools for the evaluation of these potential problems. I have found that the visual quality is comparable to more common display types but with a significant visual delay due to the parallel rendering of graphics and the projectors significant input lag. From this I have concluded that the display system is not yet ready for its intended purpose, cranio-maxillofacial surgery planning. We need projectors with less input lag and preferably better optics. The software needs to be optimized for multimonitor rendering as well.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the current status of E-paper display industry by secondary data collection. The technology evolution of E-paper display, current status of supply-chain, and treats and weaknesses that E-paper display is facing will be covered in this paper. The conclusion and recommendation will be given through the analysis of secondary data. Based on the result of Diamond Theory analysis and of SWOT analysis¡AE-paper display is facing following threats: 1. The e-paper display industry is still in introduction stage, the cost of E-paper is higher than the cost of TFT-LCD display 2. High capital investment in Research and Develop 3. Hard to generate economic scale due to be lack of mainstream technologies 4. Different consumer needs between domestic market and oversea markets¡Athe product is hard to response the needs of oversea consumers. This would make vendors difficult to get the competitive edge. The recommendations of this study are listed below¡G1. E-paper display vendor could make more efforts in product development and consumer education to expand the market share and increase the return of investment 2. Expanding specific to prevent the mainstream specific switch overnight 3. Increase the demand and expand the market share 4. Get a hold of the different consumer needs in different market s and increase the demand of domestic markets actively.

This thesis studies the reliability issues of encapsulated cholesteric LCD, and analyzes the defective pixel. Adjusting fabrication process parameters, we change the thickness of the buffer layer and absorption layer to explore the influence of different boundaries to CLC. It is found that the buffer layer can provide a good protection. When the buffer layer is getting thicker, the less the defective pixels appear, and the absorption layer cannot induce defect. The reflection band of the ITRI¡¦s encapsulated CLCs blue shifts to UV band and then become defective pixel. When CLCs exposed to the atmosphere with large area, the reflected color will be shifted. The shift of reflection band is due to CLC¡¦s inherent properties. Different kind of CLC has different properties, and we found the reflection band of ITRI¡¦s CLC is blue shift and the nematic E48 with chiral dopant R811 is red. Mixing different features of CLCs with appropriate proportion can reduce the color shift. In conclusion, mixing different characteristics CLCs with appropriate proportion and providing good protection to encapsulated CLC, we can reduce CLC¡¦s color shift and restrain the defective pixel.

Abstract Recently, a-Si:H TFT based liquid-crystal display has encroached on the territory of the cathode ray tubes. There is a tendency to fabricate the active matrix LCD on the plastic or flexible substrates. Instead of glass, flexible substrates will make the application of TFT-LCD extensive due to the several advantages: i.e. ultra-slim, light-weight and unbreakable, etc. Nevertheless, the limitation of process temperature for the low-melting substrates is an important issue. In this thesis, the feasibility of a-Si TFT devices fabricated on flexible substrates by using two different technologies have been evaluated. First, a-Si TFT devices were fabricated on glass at 150¢Jsuccessfully and the characteristics of films deposited at lowtemperature have been studied sequentially. For improving the adhesion between organic and inorganic layers and protecting substrate against water or gas during processes, several hot coating layers were investigated. With hot coating layer be introduced, glass was substituted by plastic substrates. We chose PES as the flexible substrate from several candidates due to better optical transmittance and good thermal stability below 200¢J. After direct fabrication on flexible substrate, the stability of electronic characteristics were been investigated with bending examination. In addition, TFT devices were successfully separated from glass and transferred to flexible substrates such as PES or metal foil. Using this technology, temperature limitation has been circumvented and TFT devices still exhibit good electronic characteristic. Furthermore, the bending measurements have been also applied to devices.

Based on the convenience of the use, the traditional display will be replace by the flexible display. According to this reason, it is very important to study on the reliability of the amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin-film transistor (TFT) used in LCD under different mechanical strain. In this research, besides of the above-mentioned we also applied AC stress, to understand the influence of AC stress on an a-Si:H TFT under different mechanical strain. The influence of mechanical strain on the performance of an hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin-film transistor (TFT) with different channel length and width on metal foil substrate under uniaxial compressive or tensile strain was studied, where the strain is parallel to the TFT source-drain current path. The process of TFT with the maximum temperature 190¢XC exhibited a field-effect mobility of 0.1 cm2/Vs and a threshold voltage of 1.95 V and the leakage current of less than 10-13 A. The TFTs were strained by inward (compression) or outward (tension) cylindrical bending. The mobility had a slightly change under the mechanical strain, which was due to the change in the disorder under bending strain. We also researched on the influence of uniaxial compressive (tensile) strain on the performance of a-Si:H TFTs under different AC stress conditions. When the a-Si:H TFTs were strained and applied AC stress, we found the performance of a-Si:H TFTs were affected more then the flat ones.