Submitted by Marilene Donadel (marilene.donadel@unioeste.br) on 2017-09-15T18:42:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme_R_Frei_2015.pdf: 410334 bytes, checksum: 111832c51258f0b3598e49057d34b9c2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-15T18:42:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme_R_Frei_2015.pdf: 410334 bytes, checksum: 111832c51258f0b3598e49057d34b9c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / There are several native Brazilian species with potential for fish farming, among which silver catchfish stands out, continues to feed and gain weight even at low temperatures, accepts varied diets, besides being a species with ease of reproduction and larviculture. However, for the commercial production of this species to be successful, the knowledge of the different aspects related to its nutrition and feeding is fundamental, as enables specific, nutritionally complete and environmentally correct balanced diets to be formulated and supplied to fish. In this sense, most of the ingredients used in aquaculture feeds are derived from agricultural by-products, slaughtering of terrestrial animals or fishing, one of these by-products being flours. Knowing the nutrient digestibility of these raw materials is the first step when evaluating its potential for inclusion in fish feed. The digestibility of a feed is defined as the ability with which the animal digests and absorbs the nutrients and energy contained in it. The aim was to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients (CDA) of protein ingredients of animal origin for jundiá Rhamdia voulezi. A total of 288 jundies with an initial mean weight of 285 ± 44.02 g were distributed in 24 randomized, conical-cylindrical aquariums with a useful volume of 500L. A reference diet (control) was prepared and the ingredients to be tested were included in the proportion of 30% of the test ingredient and 70% of the control diet. Chromium oxide at 0.2% concentration was used as the marker. Fecal material was collected through collecting cups. It was evaluated the Crude Protein (PB), Ethereal Extract (EE), Crude Energy (EB), Mineral Matter (MM), Phosphorus (P), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Zinc (Faith). The CDAs were submitted to ANOVA statistical analysis (p <0.05) when significant, the Tukey mean test (p <0.05) was applied. In general, the ingredients that had the best CDAs were viscera meal and salmon meal. These results demonstrate that jundiá accepts very well the protein ingredients of animal origin and has good capacity to digest them and to take advantage of its nutrients. / Existem várias espécies nativas brasileiras com potencial para a piscicultura, entre as quais se destaca o jundiá, pois continua se alimentando e ganhando peso mesmo em baixas temperaturas, aceita dietas variadas, além de ser uma espécie com facilidade de reprodução e larvicultura. Entretanto, para que a produção comercial dessa espécie seja bem-sucedida, o conhecimento dos diferentes aspectos relacionados a sua nutrição e alimentação é fundamental, pois possibilita que dietas balanceadas específicas, nutricionalmente completas e ambientalmente corretas sejam formuladas e fornecida aos peixes. Neste sentido, grande parte dos ingredientes utilizados em rações para aquicultura é oriunda de subprodutos da agricultura, abate de animais terrestres ou pesca, sendo um desses subprodutos as farinhas. Conhecer a digestibilidade dos nutrientes dessas matérias prima, é o primeiro passo quando se pretende avaliar seu potencial de inclusão em rações para peixes. A digestibilidade de uma ração é definida como a habilidade com que o animal digere e absorve os nutrientes e a energia contidos no mesmo. O objetivo foi determinar os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) de ingredientes proteicos de origem animal para o jundiá Rhamdia voulezi. Foram distribuídos, inteiramente ao acaso, 288 jundiás com peso médio inicial de 285 ± 44,02g em 24 aquários cônico-cilíndrico com volume útil de 500L. Elaborou-se uma dieta referência (controle) e os ingredientes à serem testados foram incluídos na proporção de 30% do ingrediente teste e 70% da dieta controle. Como marcador utilizou-se óxido de crômio na concentração de 0,2%. O material fecal foi coletado através de copos coletores. Foram avaliados os CDAs de Proteína Bruta (PB), Extrato Etéreo (EE), Energia Bruta (EB), Matéria Mineral (MM), Fósforo (P), Magnésio (Mg), Cálcio (Ca), Zinco (Zn) e Ferro (Fe). Os CDAs foram submetidos a análise estatística ANOVA (p<0,05) quando significativo, aplicou-se o teste de média Tukey (p<0,05). Em geral, os ingredientes que apresentaram os melhores CDAs foram a farinha de vísceras e a de salmão. Esses resultados demonstram que o jundiá aceita muito bem os ingredientes proteicos de origem animal e tem boa capacidade de digeri-los e aproveitar seus nutrientes.

La prise en charge des urgences vitales préhospitalières en France, est du ressort des SMUR sous l’autorité des SAMU, seuls responsables de l’organisation des soins, du lieu de survenue jusqu’à l’hôpital. L’accessibilité de la population aux équipes médicales des SMUR n’avait jamais été évaluée. Au travers de l’analyse prospective d’une cohorte de 500 patients traumatisés crâniens graves, pris en charge par les SAMU/SMUR en Ile de France, l’apport d’outils SIG a permis d’identifier les caractéristiques d’accessibilité et de disponibilité de l’organisation territoriale des SMUR franciliens. Des territoires ont été identifiés potentiellement à risque, en raison d’une accessibilité des moyens SMUR supérieure à 30 minutes. Cependant, le critère d’accessibilité pris isolément, masque de fortes inégalités dans l’organisation territoriale des SMUR. La disponibilité d’un SMUR est un critère essentiel, rarement évalué. La prise en charge du traumatisme crânien grave illustre parfaitement la situation. La réflexion géographique et l’utilisation des outils SIG permettent de pouvoir évaluer et visualiser objectivement les atouts et faiblesses de l’organisation territoriale d’un système de santé et de proposer des modèles d’organisation pertinents. / In France, the prehospital life threatning emergency are managed by mobile medical team (MMT) and an medical dispatcher service called SAMU. Access to medical mobile team, is a strong criterion but never has been estimated. Throughout a Paris regional study, who concerned five hundred severe traumatic head injury managed during two years by MMT, we perform, with tools GIS , an assessment of accessibility and availability to MMT in Paris area. We concluded that the SAMU organization made strong disparity in the area coverage.