The exclusion of arbitration from the scope of application of the Brussels Regime on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters in the EU has a long history and is still subject to controversy. After some introductory explanations of the legal framework and relevant principles in the field of law, this minor dissertation examines chronologically all possible involvements of national courts in arbitral proceedings in order to give an overview of the (in-) applicability of the Brussels Ia Regulation to them. For this purpose, the relevant case law of the CJEU and the related legal developments beginning with the adoption of the Brussels Convention up to the entry into force of the Brussels Ia Regulation are being considered. Finally, the legal problems arising from the current state of affairs and how courts should navigate it are discussed with an emphasis on the possible enforcement constellations of contradicting judgments and awards.

Arbitration as a process of dispute resolution has been pivotal in addressing a lot of business needs to have the dispute resolved within a short period and with less inconveniences to their business. The principle of confidentiality gives impetus to the process. The skill of the arbitrators and the general party autonomy has made the process and awards to be fully complied. Despite the monumental progress made in the field of arbitration as a means of dispute settlement, the process has been beset by reversal which is inherent in the Arbitration Act itself thereby whittling down the advantages ascribed to the process. To this end, the study therefore highlights the historical development of arbitration in Zambia. The process of arbitration and its role in enhancing access to justice will also be examined. The advantages and how the same have been weakened by the Arbitration Act, other legislations and indeed the interpretive impositions by the court will be investigated. Among other provisions which fly in the teeth of the entire process is its usually unqualified attachment to the court system without cognisance of the aspiration of the entire process of arbitration. To redress these weaknesses in the Act and the rules which guide the arbitration process, this study will spur reforms so as to bring the law into conformity with the expectations of the end users.

'J. Michael Finger once portrayed the anti-dumping regime as a "witches' brew of the worst of policy making: power politics, bad economics, and shameful public administration.'' The thesis looks at the role of competition in anti-dumping investigations. With the growth in the initiation of anti-dumping investigations, there is concern that the limitations in the anti-dumping regulation open the system up to abuse. Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1994 describes dumping as the act of selling goods in an export market at a lower price than the country of origin. This act is comparable to that of price discrimination or predation in competition law. However, the imprecise definition of key terms in anti-dumping law such as 'normal value', and 'material injury' permits industries to take advantage of these loopholes to gain protection from foreign competitors. This challenge has been reflected in the South African poultry industry where anti-dumping measures have been used as a way of protecting the market. This is reflected in the comment from ITAC who stated that it was important to 'give consideration to a country being able to produce a strategic protein source but at affordable prices… [And] A balance between the viability of domestic producers of a strategic industry with the affordability of food for the lower income group is critical for food security.' Recommendations have been put forward to deal with the limitations in the anti-dumping regulation with some calling for the removal of the anti-dumping legislation to be replaced with an international competition network. However the political nature of anti-dumping suggests that the best way to safeguard competition in dumping investigations is to incorporate competition principles in anti-dumping regulation. These include redefining key terms which are ambiguous, as well as increased cooperation between the trade and competition regulators to ensure the promotion of trade and competition.

The purposes of this study were to examine the opinions of respondents regarding dispute resolution procedures utilized by public school teachers as described in sections 22.1- 312 of the Code of Virginia. In this study, demographic and opinion data were collected from individuals selected to serve as neutral chairpersons of fact-finding panels, school division superintendents or designees, local teacher association presidents, Virginia Education Association UniServ directors, and attorneys. The history, development, and intent of teacher dispute resolution procedures are presented in Chapter II. A descriptive research design was utilized. A researcher-designed survey instrument was used to gather demographic and opinion data from the five groups. Neutral chairpersons who had administrated a panel hearing were located through correspondence with school division superintendents or personnel directors and teacher association leaders in the state of Virginia. School division superintendents or designees employed in school divisions who had experienced a fact finding panel hearing were included in the investigation. The opinions of local teacher association presidents and UniServ directors were sought. Attorneys who had represented either a teacher or a school board during a grievance or dismissal hearing were included in the study. The information gathered was compared and analyzed statistically. Five surveys were developed for this study. The first part of each survey requested opinion data regarding the role and function of the fact-finding panel, the procedural framework of grievance and dismissal hearings, advisory fact-finding, and the experiences, training, and qualifications of neutral chairpersons. A five-point Likert-type scale was utilized with statements included in the section. The second part of each survey requested demographic information to include the respondent's gender, age, race, degrees earned, current employment, and questions regarding training and experience. The demographic characteristics revealed a composite profile of neutral chairpersons in the state. Opinion data were statistically analyzed to determine significant relationships between the five groups based on their gender, race, age, and highest level of education. The information may be useful to school division personnel and others involved in dispute resolution procedures, which advance to the fact-finding hearing level. / Ed. D.

The influence of globalization over legal systems has resulted in, among other effects, the emergence of transnational law and new international players, such as multinational corporations (MNEs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and numerous international entities. The dynamics of the new players within the new transnational legal order have generated a need for a new supranational system of dispute resolution. / The analysis focuses on the Latin American experience in adapting to judicial reform programs (sponsored by international organizations such as the World Bank and the International Development Bank) which promote the integration of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) methods into domestic legal systems, in order to integrate such systems into a supranational system of dispute resolution for the entire continent. / This study aims to explore various alternatives for preventing a continental supranational system of dispute resolution from undermining domestic democracies, while integrating developing countries into the process of commercial globalization.

Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Sept. 7, 2007) "LW6409A, dissertation of MA arbitration and dispute resolution" Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2006. / "Master of Arts in arbitration and dispute resolution, LW6409 dissertation" Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 23, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.

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