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Tourism development and community response : the case of the Inhambane Coastal Zone, MozambiqueNhantumbo, Emídio Samuel 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA (Geography and Environmental Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Tourism development is a complex process which many researchers have attempted to
understand from various social science perspectives. This study adopts a geography approach
to analyse tourism development in the Inhambane Coastal Zone (ICZ) by using the Miossec
(1976) and the Butler (1980) models as basic frameworks for analyses. Although both models
were found to be useful, they require more accurate data than what was generally available for
the ICZ.
Before the country’s independence in 1975, Mozambique was considered one of many
premier tourism destinations in Southern Africa and the tourism sector had played an
important role in the economy of the country. The 16 years period of internal conflict (1976-
1992) resulted in a rapid decline in the performance of the sector. Since the end of the armed
conflict in 1992 and the democratic transition, a slow recovery of the tourism sector in
Mozambique has set in. Tourism facilities for accommodation and leisure activities have
increased considerably over the last ten years, despite the absence of any integrated tourism
planning.
In this study questionnaire surveys of tourist establishment representatives and local residents
as well as focus group discussions and interviews were conducted to acquire primary data to
analyse the evolution of the ICZ as a tourist destination during the period 1992 to 2008. In
addition, secondary sources such as reports, tourism plans, tourism statistics and maps of the
study area were used.
It was found that tourism is developing slowly in the ICZ and the opening up (or
rediscovering) of the zone as a destination remains limited due to the slow development of
infrastructure in general. The tourism nodes are in different stages of their destination life
cycle and the local residents living in the seven communities react differently toward tourism
development. The ICZ has not progressed further than phase two in Miossec’s model. The
Miossec model was found a suitable tool for analysing tourism development in the ICZ but it
remains a challenge to identify both the evolutionary stage of the ICZ as a destination and the
stage of each tourism node. The study also found that local residents in the ICZ expressed
positive views about tourism development but they are still not satisfied with the current
benefits they acquire from the current development status of tourism in the zone. / AFRIKAANS SUMMARY: Baie navorsers het reeds gepoog om die komplekse proses van toerisme-ontwikkeling vanuit
verskeie sosiaal-wetenskaplike benaderings te verstaan. Hierdie studie volg ʼn geografiese
benadering ten einde toerisme-ontwikkeling in die Inhambane Kussone (ICZ) met behulp van
die Miossec (1976) en Butler (1980) modelle as basiese raamwerke te analiseer. Alhoewel
beide modelle as bruikbaar bevind is, benodig hierdie modelle meer akkurate data as wat
algemeen vir die ICZ beskikbaar is.
Voor die land se onafhanklikheid in 1975, was Mosambiek gereken as een van vele vername
toerisme bestemmings in Suidelike Afrika en die toerisme sektor het ʼn belangrike rol in die
ekonomie van die land gespeel. Die 16 jare lange interne konflik (1976-1992) het tot ʼn snelle
agteruitgang van die sektor se prestasie gelei. Sedert die einde van die gewapende konflik in
1992 en die oorgang na ʼn demokrasie, het die toerisme sektor in Mosambiek ʼn stadige herstel
beleef. Toerisme fasiliteite vir akkommodasie en ontspanningsaktiwiteite het, ten spyte van
die afwesigheid van geïntegreerde toerisme beplanning, aansienlik toegeneem.
In hierdie studie is daar deur middel van ‘n vraelysopname aan verteenwoordigers van
toerisme verwante besighede en plaaslike inwoners, asook fokus-groep besprekings primêre
data in gesamel ten einde die evolusie van die ICZ as toeriste bestemming gedurende die
tydperk vanaf 1992 tot 2008 te analiseer. Daarbenewens is sekondêre bronne soos verslae,
toerisme planne, toerisme statistieke en kaarte van die studiegebied gebruik
Daar is bevind dat toerisme in die ICZ stadig ontwikel en dat die herontdekking van die sone
as bestemming beperk bly as gevolg van die stadige ontwikkeling van die infrastruktuur in die
algemeen. Die toerisme nodusse is in verskillende stadia van hulle individuele
bestemmingsiklusse, en die plaaslike inwoners in die sewe gemeenskappe reageer verskillend
teenoor toerisme ontwikkeling. Die ICZ het nie verder as fase twee van die Miossec model
gevorder het nie. Daar is ook vasgestel dat die Miosec model ʼn gepaste instrument is vir die
analise van toerisme ontwikkeling in die ICZ, maar dit bly ʼn uitdaging om die evolusionêre
stadium van die ICZ as ‘n bestemming in geheel asook die stadium van elke toerisme-nodus
te kan identifiseer. Die studie het ook bevind dat plaaslike inwoners van die ICZ positiewe
menings oor toerisme ontwikkeling het, maar nog steeds nie tevrede is met die huidige
voordele wat hulle uit die huidige ontwikkelingstatus van toerisme in die sone ontvang nie.
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Land degradation in Lesotho : a synoptic perspectiveMajara, Ntina 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MSc (Geography and Environmental Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / Land degradation in Lesotho is undermining the finite resource on which people
depend for survival. Use of satellite imagery has been recommended for monitoring
land degradation because remotely sensed data enable monitoring of large areas at
more frequent intervals than intensive ground based research. Various techniques
have been developed for land cover change detection. In the present study, vegetation
changes were identified by image differencing, which involved finding the difference
between the earlier date NDVI image and the later date image. NDVI images are
among products that are generated from the NOAA AVHRR sensor to provide
information about the quantity of biomass on the earth’s surface. The resulting NDVI
change data showed land areas that had experienced vegetation loss, which were
identified as potentially degraded. The change data were combined with other data
sets to determine how potentially degraded areas were influenced by different
environmental variables and population pressure. These data sets included land cover,
ecological zones, elevation, soil and human and livestock populations. By integrating
NDVI data with ancillary data, land degradation was attributed to both demographic
pressure and biophysical factors. Widespread degradation was detected on the arable
parts of the Lowlands where cultivation was intensive and human settlements were
extensive. Signs of grassland depletion and forest decline were also evident and were
attributed to population expansion, overgrazing and indiscriminate cutting of trees and
shrubs for firewood. Extensive biomass decline was also associated more with soils in
the lowlands derived from sedimentary rocks than soils of basalt origin that occur
mostly in the highlands. Significant degradation was evident on gentle slopes where
land uses such as cultivation and expansion of settlements were identified as the main
causes of the degradation. There was evidence of greater vegetation depletion on
north and east-facing slopes than on other slopes. The depletion was attributed to the
fragility of ecosystems resulting from intense solar radiation. The study demonstrated
that NOAA AVHRR NDVI images could be used effectively for detecting land cover
changes in Lesotho. However, future research could focus on obtaining and using
high resolution data for detailed analysis of factors driving land degradation.
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Remote sensing-based identification and mapping of salinised irrigated land between Upington and Keimoes along the lower Orange River, South AfricaMashimbye, Zama Eric 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA (Geography and Environmental Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / Salinisation is a major environmental hazard that reduces agricultural yields and
degrades arable land. Two main categories of salinisation are: primary and secondary
soil salinisation. While primary soil salinisation is caused by natural processes,
secondary soil salinisation is caused by human factors. Incorrect irrigation practices
are the major contributor to secondary soil salinisation. Because of low costs and less
time that is associated with the use of remote sensing techniques, remote sensing data
is used in this study to identify and map salinised irrigated land between Upington and
Keimoes, Northern Cape Province, in South Africa.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of digital aerial imagery in
identifying salinised cultivated land. Two methods were used to realize this aim. The
first method involved visually identifying salinised areas on NIR, and NDVI images
and then digitizing them onscreen. In the second method, digital RGB mosaicked,
stacked, and NDVI images were subjected to unsupervised image classification to
identify salinised land. Soil samples randomly selected and analyzed for salinity were
used to validate the results obtained from the analysis of aerial photographs.
Both techniques had difficulties in identifying salinised land because of their inability
to differentiate salt induced stress from other forms of stress. Visual image analysis
was relatively successful in identifying salinised land than unsupervised image
classification. Visual image analysis correctly identified about 55% of salinised land
while only about 25% was identified by unsupervised classification. The two
techniques predict that an average of about 10% of irrigated land is affected by
salinisation in the study area.
This study found that although visual analysis was time consuming and cannot
differentiate salt induced stress from other forms; it is fairly possible to identify areas
of crop stress using digital aerial imagery. Unsupervised classification was not
successful in identifying areas of crop stress.
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Geohydrology data model design : South African boreholesHughes, Simon 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MSc (Geography and Environmental Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / Since mechanised borehole drilling began in South Africa in the late 1800s, over
1 100 000 boreholes have been drilled. As the country’s growing population and the
perceived impacts of climate change increase pressure on water surface supplies,
attention is turning to groundwater to meet the shortfall in water supply. This will
mean even more drilling will take place.
Until the introduction of the Standard Descriptors for Boreholes, published in 2003,
South Africa has not had a set of guidelines for borehole information capture. This
document provides a detailed description of the basic information requirements
needed to describe and characterise the process of drilling, constructing, developing,
managing and monitoring a borehole. However, this document stands alone as a
specification with little or no implementation or interpretation to date.
Following the development and publishing of the ArcHydro data model for water
resource management by the CRWR based at the University of Texas at Austin, there
has been a great deal of interest in object-oriented data modelling for natural resource
data management.
This thesis describes the utilisation of an object oriented data modelling approach
using UML CASE tools to design a data model for South African Boreholes, based on
the Standard Descriptors for Boreholes. The data model was converted to a
geodatabase schema and implemented in ArcGIS.
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Die invloed van plattelandse toerisme op die ontwikkeling en struktuur van SutherlandDu Plessis, Jacobus Johannes 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA (Geography and Environmental Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / This study combines qualitative and quantitative techniques in an inquiry into the
influence of rural tourism on the development and structure of Sutherland from 2001
till 2005. Sutherland, like most small rural towns in the Central and Western Karoo,
is/was in the process of decline. Rural tourism is seen as a solution to curb the process
of decline. The study investigates this assumption by analyzing the positive and
negative impacts of tourism on the economic, social and environmental spheres of
Sutherland and looks at concomitant structural changes. Special emphasis is placed on
the changing nature of Sutherland’s reason for existence and the dualistic processes of
degradation on the one side and tourism development on the other. These complex
time-spatial and site-specific trends are analyzed and recommendations are made for
the management of the tourism industry of Sutherland.
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Determinants of house prices in Hout BayVan der Walt, Stephan 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA (Geography and Environmental Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The research problem addressed in this study is how to ascertain the primary determinants of
house prices in Hout Bay. This overarching aim encompasses three interwoven aspects. The
research attempts first to determine which factors generally affect property prices in Hout
Bay; second, to assess the extent to which individual factors affect house prices; and third, to
discover the role variables collectively play in determining house prices in Hout Bay. Four
objectives emerge from this subdivision of the aim, namely identify potential house priceinfluencing
factors in Hout Bay; quantify the selected locational variables; statistically
analyse the variables to distinguish the significant and insignificant ones; and use regression
analysis to deduce the collective and individual influences of the significant factors on house
prices.
Structured interviews were conducted with representatives of 12 estate agencies in Hout Bay
to uncover factors affecting the local property market. Through insights gleaned from the
literature, manipulation of municipal valuation and cadastral data and the structured
interviews, 39 structural and site-related variables, 18 distance variables and 11 socioeconomic
variables were constructed.
Several preliminary and descriptive analyses performed on the variables gave a general
impression of the distribution of data and assisted in identifying statistically significant
variables for determining house prices. These analyses included measures of central tendency
(mean, median and mode); measures of dispersion (minimum and maximum values, range,
standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis); the compilation of histograms for each variable;
analysis of variance (ANOVA) on nominal data variables; and the creation of 2D scatterplots
for ordinal data variables. Spearman rank order correlation was performed on the nominal and
ordinal data variables. Statistically weak variables and those exhibiting signs of
multicollinearity were eliminated. A best-subsets regression analysis was executed on the
remaining variables.
The regression model performed adequately, explaining close to 54% of the variation in house
prices in Hout Bay. Among the individual factors, the size of the erf was the strongest
predictor of the house price dependent variable, house size was the second most important
factor, while distance to busy roads and quality of the house shared similar importance.
Regression residuals were also mapped to expose spatial patterns. It is recommended that
comparable research be conducted on a citywide scale, that variables be quantified differently
and that new GIS techniques be incorporated in future studies. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die navorsingsprobleem wat hierdie studie aanspreek, is hoe om vas te stel wat die primêre
faktore is wat huispryse in Houtbaai bepaal. Hierdie oorkoepelende doelwit vervat drie
onderling verwante aspekte. Eerstens, poog die navorsing om te bepaal watter faktore in die
algemeen huispryse in Houtbaai beïnvloed; tweedens, om te assesseer tot watter mate
individuele faktore huispryse affekteer; en derdens, om te ontdek watter kollektiewe rol
veranderlikes in die bepaling van huispryse in Houtbaai speel. Vanuit hierdie onderverdeling
van die navorsingsdoelwit het vier doelstellings ontstaan, naamlik identifiseer die potensiële
faktore wat huispryse in Houtbaai beïnvloed; kwantifiseer die geselekteerde
liggingsveranderlikes; voer verskeie analises uit op die veranderlikes om die beduidende en
onbeduidende veranderlikes te identifiseer; en benut regressie-analise om die kollektiewe en
individuele invloed van beduidende faktore op huispryse in die studiegebied vas te stel.
Gestruktureerde onderhoude is met verkoopslui van 12 eiendomsagentskappe in Houtbaai
gevoer om die faktore te bepaal wat die plaaslike eiendomsmark beïnvloed. Deur middel van
insigte verkry uit die akademiese literatuur, manipulasie van munisipale waardasie- en
kadastrale data en die gestruktureerde onderhoude is 39 strukturele en liggingsverwante
veranderlikes, 18 afstandsveranderlikes en 11 sosio-ekonomiese veranderlikes geskep.
Verskeie analises wat op die veranderlikes uitgevoer is, het ‘n algemene indruk van die
verspreiding van die data verskaf en het die identifisering van statistiesbeduidende
veranderlikes bevorder. Hierdie analises het maatstawwe vir sentrale neiging (rekenkundige
gemiddelde, mediaan en modus); maatstawwe vir dispersie (minimum en maksimum,
variasiewydte, standaardafwyking, skeefheid en kurtose); die samestelling van histogramme
vir elke veranderlike; die analise van variansie (ANOVA) op veranderlikes met nominale
data; en die skep van 2D-spreidingstippe vir veranderlikes met ordinale data behels. Spearman
se rangorde korrelasie is op beide die nominale en ordinale data uitgevoer.
Statistiesonbeduidende veranderlikes, of dié wat tekens van multikollineariteit met ander
veranderlikes getoon het, is geëlimineer. ‘n Beste deelversameling regressie-analise is
uitgevoer op die oorblywende veranderlikes.
Die regressiemodel het gepaste resultate behaal deurdat dit byna 54% van die variasie in
Houtbaai se huispryse verklaar het. Van die individuele veranderlikes was die grootte van die erf die sterkste voorspeller van die huisprys afhanklike veranderlike, huisgrootte was die
tweede belangrikste faktor, terwyl afstand van besige paaie en die kwaliteit van die huis
soortgelyke invloed gedeel het. Die regressiemodel se residu’s is gekarteer om ruimtelike
patrone vas te stel. Dit word aanbeveel dat soortgelyke navorsing op ‘n stadswye skaal
uitgevoer word, dat die veranderlikes op ander wyses gekwantifiseer word en dat nuwe GIStegnieke
in toekomstige studies aangewend word.
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Multi-criteria decision making and geographical information systems : an extension for ArcViewBester, Frederick Johannes 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is a set of techniques designed specifically for the analysis
of complex problems. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) focus on spatial problem-solving
and spatial analysis. The integration of these methodologies offers a powerful approach to decision
making. Despite the fact that most spatial decision problems are multi-criteria problems by nature,
the process of MCDM is not well established or effectively integrated into the field of spatial
analysis and GIS.
This research focuses on bridging the gap between MCDM and GIS. To this end, a generic MCDM
extension was designed and implemented in ArcView. As a result, a first version MCDM extension
is offered. The extension expands ArcView's functionality with a limited set of MCDM methods.
This functionality is illustrated on two problems involved with developing the tourism potential at
Coutada 16 Wildlife Reserve in Mozambique.
The MCDM extension facilitates procedures that allow the evaluation of spatial problems and
includes the ability to deal with both raster and vector data. This system offers a generic problemsolving
environment, which can be used to evaluate geographical problems of any nature. This
research identifies a number of improvements to the developed functionality and successfully
illustrates the potential problem-solving capabilities associated with MCDM integrated with
ArcView. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Multi Kriteria Besluitneming (MKBN) is n versameling metodes vir die analise van komplekse
probleme. Geografiese Inligtingstelsels (GIS) fokus op geografiese probleemoplossing en analise.
Die integrasie van hierdie twee metodologieë bied 'n kragtige benadering tot besluitneming. Ten
spyte daarvan dat die meeste geografiese probleme in wese meerveranderlik van aard is, is MKBN
nie effektiefbinne die raamwerk van GIS geïntegreer nie.
Hierdie studie fokus op die oorbrugging van die gaping tussen MKBN en GIS. Met hierdie doel
voor oë is 'n generiese MKBN-uitbreiding vir ArcView ontwerp en geïmplementeer. Die resultaat
is 'n eerste- weergawe MKBN-uitbreiding. Die uitbreiding brei ArcView se funksionaliteit uit om
'n beperkte versameling MKBN-metodes in te sluit. Die nuut ontwikkelde funksies word
geïllustreer aan die hand van twee probleme wat die ontwikkeling van die toerismepotensiaal vir die
Coutada 16 Wildreservaat in Mosambiek aanspreek.
Die uitbreiding maak voorsiening vir 'n MKBN-evaluasie van geografiese probleme en besit die
vermoë om beide vektor- en roosterdata te analiseer. Hierdie stelsel verskaf 'n generiese omgewing
vir probleemoplossing wat gebruik kan word om byna enige geografiese probleem te analiseer. Die
studie identifiseer verbeteringe op en uitbreidings van die ontwikkelde funksies en slaag daarin om
die potensiaal van probleemoplossing wat deur die integrasie van MKBN-tegnieke met ArcView
moontlik gemaak word, te illustreer.
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Weidingsbestuur in 'n semi-ariede omgewing met GIS : Paulshoek gevallestudieCombrink, A. P. (Adrian Peter) January 2004 (has links)
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Grazing management in the semi-arid communal areas of Namaqualand is investigated in this study.
Paulshoek, situated in the Leliefontein Communal Reserve area, is delineated as the study area and
consists of 20 OOOha.Cattle farming is practised by most households primarily on a subsistence
basis. It is also used as a source of income when financial problems arise. The management of
grazing-land in terms of formal rules and regulations is non-existent with only mutual relationships
between farmers.
The aim of this study is to develop a spatial framework for the management of a sustainable grazing
regime with the aid of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology. This aim is reached
through three overlapping goals which are researched individually. The goals are to create a spatial
image of the physical resource base as well as resource usage and from this the development of a
computerised (Excel spreadsheet) spatial management framework for sustainable grazing
management. Through the use of existing data available from the National Botanical Institute (NB!)
as well as other sources and with the aid of GIS technology, coupled with Indigenous Knowledge,
these goals were reached. The stockpost as individual entity is studied to give a broader
understanding of how the herdsmen see their immediate environment. The grazing management
system, as presented in this thesis, consists of a simple Excel Spreadsheet, with inputs from GIS
technology and Indigenous Knowledge. The area is overgrazed, as is seen in the widespread
occurrence of kraalbos cross the Paulshoek landscape.
The recommendations are that this management system should be implemented, which could
minimize the futher overgrazing of the area. The management system relies heavily on the
cooperation of the community and the integration of existing management systems and policies. It
will give a more detailed account of who may own how many stock and where they may graze in
the communal rangelands which will also help in the establishment of new permanent waterpoints
in the area. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Weidingsbestuur in die semi-ariede gemeenskaplike gebiede van Namakwaland is in hierdie studie
ondersoek. Paulshoek, geleë in die Leliefontein Gemeenskapsreservaat gebied, word as
studiegebied afgebaken en beslaan ongeveer 20 OOOha.Veeboerdery word deur meeste van die
huishoudings primêr as bestaansboerdery beoefen. Dit word ook gebruik as 'n bron van inkomste
wanneer finansiële probleme ondervind word. Die bestuur van weivelde in terme van formele reëls
en regulasies is glad nie ter sprake nie, slegs onderlinge verhoudinge tussen veeboere bestaan.
Die doel van hierdie studie is om 'n ruimtelike raamwerk te ontwikkel vir die bestuur van 'n
volhoubare weidingsregime deur die aanwending van Geografiese Inligting Stelsels (GIS). Hierdie
doel word behaal deur drie oorkoepelende doelwitte wat elk afsondelik behandel word. Die
doelwitte is om 'n ruimtelike beeld van die fisiese hulpbronbasis asook die benuttingsregime van
die hulpbron te skep, en hieruit 'n rekenaar-gesteunde (Excel sigblad) ruimtelike bestuursraamwerk
vir volhoubare weidingsbestuur te ontwerp. Deur gebruik te maak van bestaande inligting afkomstig
vanaf Nasional Botaniese Instituut (NBI) asook ander bronne en met die koppeling van GIStegnologie
en Inheemse Kennis (IK) is die doelwitte bereik. Die veepos word as entiteit behandel
om 'n beter verstandhouding op te bou van hoe die veewagter sy onmiddelike omgewing bestuur.
Die weidingsbestuurstelsel, soos voorgestel in hierdie tesis, bestaan uit 'n eenvoudige Excel
sigblad, gekoppel aan GIS-tegnologie en Inheemse Kennis. Die gebied is oorbeweid, soos gesien
kan word aan die verspreiding van kraalbos regoor die landskap van Paulshoek.
Die aanbevelings is dat die bestuurstelsel geïmplementeer moet word om te verhoed dat die gebied
verder onderhewig sal wees aan intensiewe beweiding. Die bestuurstelsel berus op die samewerking
van die gemeenskap en die integrasie van bestaande bestuurstelsels. Dit sal tot gevolg hê 'n meer
volledige opname van wie hoeveel vee mag besit en wie waar mag vestig in die weiveld gebied, wat
gevolglik ook die skepping van nuwe permanente waterbronne sal vergemaklik.
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Ruimtelike verwantskappe tussen kultuurtoerisme en kleinhandel in Leuven, België : 'n GIS-toepassingDe Witt, Emile Emile Adriaan) 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: European cities offer a variety of attractions, activities and facilities to tourists.
One component of tourism in this urban context is cultural tourism which is a high
potential growth sector within the tourism industry. Cultural tourists travel to cities
mainly to see the most important and well known cultural attractions, to take part
in cultural festivities, to view the cultural treasures of the cities and to attend
performances and exhibitions. Other functions and activities such as retail
functions and types also occur in the vicinity of the important cultural attractions
of a city. Amongst these activities and functions are shops, cafés and
restaurants. In an area of a city where cultural attractions and retail types coexist,
the possibility exits that a spatial relationship between cultural tourism and
retailing may occur in the sense that the tourists who visit these attractions may
support the retail establishments in the vicinity of cultural attractions.
The city of Leuven in Belgium is a typical West European city with a variety of
cultural tourist attractions as well as functions which can be supportive of cultural
tourism. These functions include shops, cafés and restaurants. An investigation
was conducted to establish whether a spatial relationship exists between cultural
tourism and retail activities in the part of Leuven known as the Ring. The
geographical information systems TransCad, Arc/Info en ArcView were used for
the processing and analysis of retail and cultural tourism data gathered in the
Ring of Leuven. Three analytical procedures were performed separately for
shops, cafés and restaurants. These procedures comprised (a) the
determination of the numbers and types of supportive functions around the most
important cultural-historical tourist attractions, (b) the determination of the
numbers and types of supportive functions along the routes to cultural-historical
sites from tourist points of origin, and (c) the determination of the numbers and
types of supportive functions along guided-walk routes in the city. The analysis
results show that a (spatial) relationship does exist between retail and cultural tourism in the Ring of Leuven. On average 44% of the retail functions (shops,
cafés and restaurants) are located within a distance of up to saam from the six
most important cultural building attractions in Leuven (procedure 1). Retail
functions on guided-walk routes totalled 48% with cafés and restaurants being
the most abundant (procedure 3). Only 19% of retail functions are located
between points of origin and cultural building attractions (procedure 2). A more
detailed study should be conducted to establish the exact nature of the spatial
relationship which exists between retail and cultural tourism in the Ring of
Leuven. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Europese stede bied 'n reeks attraksies, aktiwiteite en fasiliteite vir toeriste. Een
komponent van die breër term toerisme in hierdie stedelike konteks is kulturele
toerisme wat 'n baie sterk groeisektor binne die toerismemark is. Kulturele
toeriste besoek stede hoofsaaklik met die doelom die belangrikste en bekendste
kulturele attraksies te besigtig, om aan kulturele feeste deel te neem, die
kunsskatte van stede te betrag en om teateropvoerings en tentoonstellings by te
woon. In die nabyheid van die belangrikste kulturele attraksies van 'n stad kom
ook ander funksies en aktiwiteite soos kleinhandelsfunksies en -tipes voor.
Hieronder ressorteer onder andere winkels, cafés en restaurante. In die
gedeelte van 'n stad waar kulturele attraksies en kleinhandelstipes naby mekaar
voorkom, kan die moontlikheid bestaan van 'n ruimtelike verwantskap tussen
kulturele toerisme en kleinhandel, in dié sin dat toeriste wat die attraksies
besoek, moontlik ook die kleinhandelstipes wat in die nabyheid van die kulturele
attraksies voorkom, salondersteun.
Die stad Leuven in België is 'n tipiese voorbeeld van 'n Wes-Europese stad met
'n verskeidenheid kulturele toeriste-attraksies asook funksies wat kulturele
toerisme ondersteun. Hierdie ondersteunende funksies sluit winkels, cafés en
restaurante in. In die deel van Leuven wat as die Ring bekend staan, is
ondersoek ingestel na die voorkoms, al dan nie, van 'n ruimtelike verwantskap
tussen kulturele toerisme en kleinhandel. Die geografiese inligtingstelsels
TransCad, Arc/Info en ArcView is ingespan vir die verwerking en analise van
data oor kleinhandel en kulturele toerisme in die Ring van Leuven. Drie
ontledingsprosedures is afsonderlk uitgevoer vir winkels, cafés en restaurante.
Hierdie prosedures behels (a) die bepaling van die aantal en tipes
ondersteunende funksies rondom die belangrikste kultuurhistoriese toeristeattraksies;
(b) die bepaling van die aantal en tipe ondersteunende funksies langs
die roetes tussen die toeriste-oorsprongpunte en die belangrikste kultuurhistoriese toeriste-attraksies; en (c) die bepaling van die aantal en tipe
ondersteunende funksies langs begeleide stadswandelroetes. Die
analiseresultate wys dat 'n verwantskap tussen kleinhandel en kulturele
toerisme, ruimtelik-gesproke, wel in die Ring van Leuven bestaan. Só is
gemiddeld 44% van die kleinhandelsfunksies (winkels, cafés en restaurante) tot
op In afstand van SOOmvanaf die ses belangrikste kulturele gebou-attraksies in
Leuven geleë (prosedure 1). Ook kom 48% van die kleinhandelsfunksies langs
die roetes van begeleide stadswandelinge voor. Hier is dit egter die cafés en
restaurante wat die grootste proporsies uitmaak (prosedure 3). 'n Gemiddelde
proporsie van slegs 19% van die kleinhandelsfunksies kom tussen
oorsprongpunte en die belangrikste kulturele gebou-attraksies voor. 'n Meer
omvattende studie moet onderneem word om vas te stel watter tipe ruimtelike
verwantskap tussen kleinhandel en kulturele toerisme binne Leuven se Ring
voorkom.
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A comparison of selected satellite remote sensing techniques for mapping fire scars in limestone fynbosSmit, Walter J. (Walter Johan) 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA.)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: There are many reasons to conserve fynbos. Not only does fynbos form part of the
Cape floral kingdom, one of the richest floral kingdoms in the world, but the
contribution that it makes to the regional economy through utilisation, education,
recreation and tourist opportunities is immeasurable.
Fire plays an integral role in fynbos ecosystems. According to Van Wilgen,
Richardson & Seydack (1994: 322) " ... managing fynbos equates to managing fire".
Therefore managers need accurate fire information about a fynbos area to manage it
properly. This is where satellite remote sensing can provide the manager with useful
information about the fire regime. In other words, satellite remote sensing can help a
manager establish where and when an area has burnt.
Using readily available satellite data, this study attempts to establish (through
comparison) what techniques would be most suitable and affordable to compile a fire
information database. Landsat Thematic Mapper data from 1990 - 1996 of the southwestern
Cape was used and compared with existing fire records of the area.
The results show that techniques such as supervised and unsupervised classification
are reliable in identifying burnt areas, but a major drawback of these techniques is that
they require a large amount of user input and knowledge. They are thus not regarded
as simple or easily repeatable. -
The' more simple techniques like image differencing and image ratioing were also
found to be reliable in identifying burnt areas. These techniques require less user input
and in some instances less data (image bands) to produce similar (or better) results
than supervised and unsupervised classification techniques.
The results show that differencing temporally different Images, obtained from
applying principle components analysis, produces reliable results with very little
confusion and little user input. Using such a technique could enable users to procure
only two bands of Landsat data and still produce reliable fire information for
managing a fynbos ecosystem. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar is verskeie redes waarom fynbos bewaar moet word. Nie net vorm dit deel van
een van die rykste blommeryke in die wereld nie, maar die bydrae wat dit tot die
streeksekonomie maak, deur die benutting van veldblomme en die geleenthede wat dit
bied vir toerisme en ontspanning, is enorm.
Vuur speel 'n belangrike rol in die bestuur van fynbos ekosisteme. Soos beklemtoon
deur Van Wilgen, Richardson & Seydack (1994: 322) se stelling: " ... managing
fynbos equates to managing fire". Om hierdie rede is dit belangrik dat 'n bestuurder
akkurate inligting oor die verspreiding van veldbrande moet he. Satellietafstandwaarneming
kan hier 'n belangrike rol speel deur sulke inligting te verskaf
Deur gebruik te maak van maklik bekombare satellietdata, poog hierdie studie om te
bepaal (d.m.v. vergelyking) watter tegnieke die mees geskikte is in terme van
bekostigbaarheid en gebruikersvriendelikheid. Landsat Thematic Mapper data van
1990 tot 1996 van die suidwes-Kaap is gebruik en vergelyk met bestaande branddata
van die studiegebied.
Daar is gevind dat tegnieke soos gerigte en nie-gerigte klassifikasie in staat is om
gebrande dele betroubaar uit te ken. Hierdie tegnieke verg egter baie insette en kennis
van die gebruiker en is ook nie maklik om jaar na jaar te herhaal nie. Daarom word
hierdie tegnieke nie aanbeveel nie.
Daar is gevind dat die eenvoudiger tegnieke soos veranderingsanalise ook gebrande
dele betroubaar kon uitken. Hierdie tegnieke het die voordeel dat die gebruiker nie
baie' kennis van die gebied hoef te he nie en ook nie so baie insette hoef te lewer nie.
Hierdie tegnieke word bo gerigte en nie-gerigte klassifikasie aanbeveel. -
Die resultate dui daarop dat betroubare resultate verkry kan word deur tempo reel
verskillende beeIde, verkry deur hoofkomponentanalise, van mekaar af te trek.
Hierdie tegniek vereis relatief min gebruikersinsette en daar kan selfs met slegs twee
Landsat bande gewerk word. So 'n tegniek kan beslis 'n bekostigbare en effektiewe
manier wees om nodige inligting vir die bestuur van 'n fynbos ekosisteem te bekom.
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