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Turning up the heat : an analysis of the historic, scientific and socio-political complexities influencing climate change reporting in the modern newsroomJoubert, Leonie 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil (Journalism))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / Global climate change is the result of the natural greenhouse effect being enhanced or augmented by human activities such as industrial burning of fossil fuels and large-scale agricultural practices which have increased the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The result – the first truly globalised consequence of pollution – is arguably one of the most pressing matters facing the future of the human species.
Journalists reporting on the subject have considerable responsibility to unravel the science and present it accurately and responsibly to the public, so that the latter can make informed decisions about individual energy consumption, informed decisions at the voting poll and go further to put the necessary pressure on policy makers.
However climate change is without doubt the most complex story environmental and science reporters have ever encountered, not only because it encompasses so many different fields of natural sciences (oceanography, climatology, biological sciences including flora and fauna, hydrology, horticulture etc.), but because it all too often spills over into the political, economic and social arenas.
“Climate change is a difficult story to recreate… (it) is one of the most complicated stories of our time. It involves abstract and probabilistic science, labyrinthine laws, grandstanding politicians, speculative economics and the complex interplay of individuals and societies” (Wilson, 2000: 206).
Specialist environmental and science news reporters only have three and a half decades of experience and history, since this is one of the more recent journalistic beats to be assigned to modern newsrooms. Such writers face a particularly challenging job of reporting the complex and growing science of global climate change. Furthermore they must do so in an environment where politicians and environmental activists feed journalists sometimes conflicting information, each with its own agenda. Increasing consumer demand for entertainment in place of information may also complicate the telling of these stories, given the financial imperative to sell newspapers.
Furthermore, the “global warming story is also affected by a number of journalistic constraints, such as deadlines, space, one-source stories, complexity and reporter education” (Wilson, 2000: 206). The complexities of news values also shape the stories which finally are released to the news consuming public.
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Media ethics : a postmodern perspective in the search for truth, meaning and realityAllen, Rika 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: According to recent research done in the field of media ethics, it seems that there is a
need to complement studies on systematic normative ethics with more flexible
theories such as those proposed by the field of Philosophy and Sociology.
This assignment would like to prove that a more holistic model of moral reasoning
should be considered based on the point of departure that the media and media
practitioners find themselves in a postmodern world.
The aim of this assignment is to examine the possibility of a postmodern ethics as a
more authentic attempt by which the concept media ethics can be understood and
applied.
This assignment is a contribution towards the re-examination of media ethics in terms
of a postmodern understanding of reality, truth and meaning, as well as an
exploration of their practical implications in the context of a postmodern society such
as South Africa and its media.
According to the postmodern understanding of the concepts truth and meaning in
relation to the postmodern understanding of reality, the postulated principles will
define responsible journalism (media ethics) as journalistic action that takes into
account how people (news consumers and sources of news) form their
understanding of reality in a postmodern context. What purports to be reality in the
news is inevitably a reconstruction of reality that fits the needs and requirements of
journalistic practice.
In this light, responsible journalism can be understood as journalistic action that
creates a more holistic, authentic understanding of "reality" and how people
understand themselves and others in the world they live in. Most people are informed
by the media about themes such as the cloning of human beings, the war in Iraq, the
attack on the World Trade Centre and genocide in Rwanda and not because of
having been there themselves (direct experience). The way in which the media
reports about events does influence the way in which media users make sense of the
world in which they live. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Na aanleiding van onlangse navorsing gedoen in die gebied van media-etiek, blyk
daar 'n behoefte te wees om sistematiese normatiewe etiek met meer omvattende
teorieë aan te vul, soos voorgestel in die studie rigtings van Filosofie en Sosiologie.
Hierdie werkopdrag wil bewys dat, indien in ag geneem word dat die perswese
homself in 'n postmoderne wêreld bevind, 'n meer holistiese modeloorweeg kan
word vir diskoerse in media-etiek.
Die doel van die werkopdrag is om die moontlikheid van 'n postmoderne etiek te
ondersoek as 'n meer outentieke benadering waarvolgens die konsep media-etiek
verstaan en aangewend kan word.
Die werkopdrag lewer 'n bydrae ten op sigte van 'n herevaluasie van media-etiek in
terme van 'n postmodernistiese lees van realiteit, waarheid en betekenis. Die
praktiese implikasies van 'n postmoderne media-etiek in die konteks van 'n
postmoderne samelewing, soos dié van Suid-Afrika en die Suid-Afrikaanse media,
salondersoek word.
Na aanleiding van 'n postmoderne interpretasie van die konsepte waarheid,
betekenis en realiteit, stel die werkopdrag 'n raamwerk voor waarbinne
verantwoordelike joernalistiek op etiese wyse beoefen word en rekening hou met die
postmoderne interpretasie van die samelewing. Dit is onvermydelik dat dit wat as
werklikheid in die nuus daargestel word, 'n rekonstruksie van die werklikheid is om
aan die behoeftes van joernalistieke praktyke te voldoen.
In die lig van bogenoemde, kan verantwoordelike joernalistiek gedefinieer word as
joernalistieke optrede wat 'n meer holistiese, outentieke interpretasie van die
werklikheid en begrip van die leefwêreld oordra.
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Science and communication : a critical analysis of the coverage by the Namibian press of the introduction of communal conservancies as a form of community based natural resource management (CBNRM)Barnard, Margaretha Magdalena 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Science forms an integral part of our lives. It is tied to social practices, public policies
and political affairs. Yet, very little is reported on it unless it is making hard news.
This thesis was written from the premise that the public requires as much accurate
information as possible to make choices and decisions. In many instances, they solely
depend on the news media to supply that information.
Journalists have a responsibility to reflect and explain the complexity of a world that
is increasingly influenced by science. In Namibia the establishment of conservancies
under the CBNRM programme of government, have an influence on many rural
people's lives who would previously not have been too concerned about science news.
Through the Media and Publicity Strategy of the CBNRM programme,
communication of the environmental message of conservancies has been successful to
a large extent, especially in terms of reportage in the local press.
The messages conveyed in the press have been overwhelmingly positive and
supportive of the system.
From the perspective of the level of journalism practised in this regard, the effort has
not been that great. Publications in Namibia operate on very limited budgets and have
to manage with a minimum number of reporters.
This means journalists are expected to cover a range of different beats, and are seldom
offered the opportunity to develop as specialist writers in specific fields. The field of
science and environment is generally not regarded as an area that produces hard news
on a regular basis.
This was evident in the articles reviewed for the purposes of this thesis. The majority
of stories were written from press releases or field trips organised by the CBNRM
programme organisers. Stories that were self-generated were not very well researched,
or did not follow through on potential hard news angles or ideas. In a world of war, hunger, poverty, diseases and many other tragedies, the story of the
development of communal conservancies is a wonderfully positive story that
highlights the success of sustainable development, the upliftment of the rural poor and
achievements in terms of conservation. It is a welcome change for journalists to tell a
positive story to the world.
However, as journalists should know, every story has two sides. The purpose is not
necessarily to find fault with the conservancy philosophy or to shoot it down or find
sensationalism where it is not due. Their role is to present a full, unbiased account of
the facts so that their readers can make up their own minds on whether they support
the concept, or not.
If journalists failed to inform their readers about the problems experienced by the
implementation of conservancies, then they have failed to give their readers the full
picture.
The conclusions drawn in this thesis on the level of science or environmental
reporting in Namibia, serve to emphasise the urgent need for specialist writers in the
profession.
A handful of dedicated and committed science writers that increasingly raises the
level of reporting will make a vast difference in the fields of science and environment
in Namibia. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Wetenskap vorm 'n integrale deel van ons lewens. Dit is gebind aan sosiale gebruike,
openbare beleidsrigtings en politieke sake. Tog word daar baie min daaroor geskryf,
behalwe wanneer dit harde nuus is.
Hierdie tesis is geskryf vanuit die oogpunt dat die publiek soveel as moontlik akkurate
inligting nodig het om keuses te maak. In baie gevalle vertrou hulle uitsluitlik op die
nuus media om daardie inligting te verskaf.
Joernaliste het 'n verantwoordelikheid om 'n wêreld wat al hoe meer beïnvloed word
deur wetenskap te verduidelik. In Namibië het die daarstelling van bewareas deur die
CBNRM-program van die regering, 'n groot invloed op die lewens van baie
plattelandse mense se lewens gehad wat voorheen nie veel sou omgegee het oor
wetenskapnuus nie.
Die daarstelling van bewareas het 'n hele nuwe wêreld met baie nuwe uitdagings tot
by hulle voordeur gebring. Dit was belangrik om hulle genoegsaam in te lig oor die
voor- en nadele van die stelsel om hulle in staat te stelom te besluit of hulle wou
betrokke raak of nie.
Die boodskap wat die pers oorgedra het, was oorweldigend positief met baie steun vir
die stelsel.
Vanuit 'n joernalistieke perspektief gesien, was die beriggewing rue so
noemenswaardig nie. Publikasies in Namibië werk met baie beperkte begrotings en
moet klaarkom met 'n minimum aantal verslaggewers.
Dit beteken daar word van joernaliste verwag om oor 'n wye verskeidenheid
onderwerpe te skryf. Wetenskap- en omgewingsberiggewing word oor die algemeen
gesien as 'n gebied wat nie werklik harde nuus op 'n gereelde basis produseer nie.
Dit het duidelik gebleik uit die artikels wat ontleed is vir die doel van die tesis. Die
meerderheid van die stories is geskryf van persverklarings en uitstappies georganiseer
deur die CBNRM. Die stories wat wel self gegenereer is, was nie baie goed nagevors
rue. In 'n wêreld van oorlog, hongersnood, armoede en siektes, is die ontwikkeling van .
bewareas 'n wonderlike positiewe storie wat dien as bewys van die sukses van
volhoubare ontwikkel, die opheffmg van plattelandse arm mense en wat bereik kan
word met bewaring. Dit is 'n welkome verandering vir joernaliste om vir 'n slag 'n
positiewe storie aan die wêreld te vertel.
Maar, soos joernaliste behoort te weet, het elke storie twee kante. Die doel van 'n
joernalis is nie noodwendig om fout te vind met die filosofie van bewareas nie, of om
dit af te skiet of sensasie te soek waar dit nie nodig is nie. Hulle rol is om 'n volledige,
onsydige verslag van die feite weer te gee sodat hulle lesers self kan besluit of hulle
die konsep ondersteun of nie.
As joernaliste daarin gefaal het om hulle lesers in te lig oor die probleme wat
ondervind is met die implementering van bewareas, dan het hulle daarin gefaal om die
volledige prentjie aan hulle lesers te skets.
Die slotsom van die tesis oor die vlak van wetenskap- en omgewingsjoernalistiek in
Namibië is dat daar 'n dringende tekort aan spesialis skrywers in die professie is.
Selfs net 'n handvol toegewyde wetenskapskrywers sal al klaar 'n groot verbetering
bring in die kwaliteit van verslaggewing in die wetenskap- en omgewingsvakgebied
in Namibië.
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Verantwoordelike misdaadverslaggewing : op soek na etiese riglyneVan Niekerk, Petrus, Van Niekerk, Piet 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Crime reporting creates a set of unique challenges within journalism in general.
Generally inexperienced journalists are assigned to the crime beat in South African
newsrooms. A lack of knowledge and absence of codes of ethical conduct create a reality
wherein crime reporting more than often causes more harm than good.
Within the existing media ethical debate, ethical reflections about responsible crime
reporting will go a long way to stimulate thought on responsible crime reporting and help
to formulate guidelines for ethical crime reporting in the future.
In this project the debate on responsible crime reporting starts by illuminating where
crime-reporting slots into the traditional philosophical ethical debate before a distinction
is made between law and ethics. The way laws influence ethical crime reporting - if at all
- is analysed.
The crime reporter's relationship towards his employer, his community, the state and
victims of crime creates a complex maze of responsibilities. After analysing these
complex relationships, existing codes of conduct and the unique challenges within the
South African context are evaluated.
A set of case studies creates the opportunity to list factors needed to be taken into
account, before proposing guidelines that will create a positive atmosphere for pro / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Midsdaadverslaggewing stel unieke uitdagings aan verslaggewers. Onervare joernaliste
word in Suid-Afrikaanse nuuskantore met die misdaad-rondte opgesaal. Uit onkunde en
weens 'n algemene gebrek aan etiese riglyne word misdaadverslaggewing dikwels op só
'n manier bedryf dat dit eerder skade as goed berokken.
Binne die breër media-etiese debat kan 'n etiese besinning oor misdaadverslaggewing 'n
bydrae lewer tot nadenke oor verantwoordelike misdaadverslaggewing, sowel as tot die
ontwikkeling van riglyne wat verantwoordelike misdaadverslaggewing vir die toekoms
kan kweek.
Die debat oor verantwoordelike misdaadverslaggewing begin in dié werkstuk deur
misdaadverslaggewing te beskou binne die tradisionele filosofiese debat oor etiek.
Daarna word gekyk na die verband tussen wette en etiek en watter- indien enigeinvloed
wette op verantwoordelike misdaadverslaggewing het.
Die misdaadverslaggewer se verhouding tot sy werkgewer, sy gemeenskap, die staat en
slagoffers van misdaad plaas hom in 'n komplekse posisie wat betref sy
verantwoordelikhede. Nadat hierdie verantwoordelikheidsvelde uitgespel is, word gekyk
na bestaande riglyne en die unieke komplikasies in Suid-Afrika op soek na riglyne vir
verantwoordelike misdaadverslaggewing. Nadat enkele gevallestudies ontleed is, word voorstelle gedoen oor die faktore wat in ag
geneem behoort te word ten opsigte van verantwoordelike misdaadverslaggewing. Dit
bring die werkstuk tot uiteindelike voorstelle oor hoe 'n gunstige milieu in Suid-
Afrikaanse nuuskantore geskep kan word vir die kweek van verantwoordelike
misdaadverslaggewing.
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Hekwagterskap tydens die Waarheids-en-versoeningskommissie se sitting oor chemiese en biologiese oorlogvoering soos gereflekteer in drie Kaapstadse dagblaaieFerreira, Jannie 04 1900 (has links)
Tesis (MPhil) -- Universiteit van Stellenbosch, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: When rumours started circulating in 1998 that former president Nelson Mandela and
Mrs Graca Machel were about to get married, Mandela's spokesman at the time,
Parks Mankahlana, vehemently denied them. Mankahlana was the gatekeeper who
decided what information about Mandela' s impending marriage would be made
available to the rest of the world. The entire incident became somewhat of an
embarrassment for Mandela's office, resulting in the former president trying hard to
cover for Mankahlana at subsequent media conferences. In the end it became a case of
trying to unravel who had lied to whom, who had given whom instructions to say
what, and who had been in the know and at what stage, etc.
A similar incident ensued following an assassination attempt on former American
president Ronald Reagan in 1981. Initially his media office kept the gates firmly shut
by alleging he had been only slightly injured. Later it emerged he'd been much more
seriously injured than the White House had initially intimated.
Between 1996 and 1998 South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission
investigated human rights violations since 1960. The South African and foreign media
were faced with the challenge of presenting witness accounts of the numerous
attrocities in a palatable form.
Despite these attempts media managers at Cape Town's two English-language dailies
in particular detected a measure of reader resistance to "bad news" which made
readers feel" powerless", and they consequently had to adopt a careful approach. The
TRC could not be ignored, but the often gruesome details which came to light could
not willy nilly be stuffed down readers' throats. Gatekeeping had to be exercised with
the greatest circumspection and the news filters prudently regulated.
This study attempts to illustrate the concept of gatekeeping by analysing the coverage
the three Cape Town dailies, the Cape Argus, Cape Times and Die Burger, gave the
most sensational sessions of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. In June and
July 1998 about 10 men, each of them doctors or generals, gave evidence about their involvement in the stockpiling of chemical and biological weapons for South Africa's
arsenal. Reporters were confronted with a major challenge to comply with the
journalistic rigours set by this session.
This study concentrates on reports of the different version of events given by four
prominent witnesses, Dr Wouter Basson, former project leader of South Africa's
chemical and biological weapons programme, his commanding officer and former
surgeon general Lieutenant General Niel Knobel, General Lothar Neethling, former
head of the police's forensic laboratory, and Dr Jan Lourens, biomedical engineer and
the first witness to take the stand.
To illustrate the phenomenon of gatekeeping interviews were held with nine
journalists at the three newspapers to determine their views and perceptions, and the
effect of these on the phenomenon of gatekeeping. Aspiring media managers, media
managers, reporters and anyone performing a gatekeeping role may find the findings
of this study useful. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Toe gerugte in 1998 die rondte begin doen het dat oudpres. Nelson Mandela en mev.
Graca Machel trouplanne het, het Mandela se woordvoerder, Parks Mankahlana, dit
heftig ontken. Mankahlana was die hekwagter wat besluit het watter inligting oor
Mandela se trouplanne aan die wereld deurgelaat word. Die hele episode het op 'n
halwe verleentheid vir die president se kantoor uitgeloop met Mandela wat op
daaropvolgende mediakonferensies verwoed probeer skerm het vir Mankahlana en dit
'n geval geword het van wie het gelieg en wie het vir wie opdrag gegee om sus of so
te se en wie het wat in watter stadium geweet, ens.
'n Soortgelyke episode het hom afgespeel met 'n sluipmoordaanval op pres. Ronald
Reagan van Amerika in 1981. Aanvanklik het sy mediakantoor ook die hekke redelik
styftoe gehou deur te beweer hy is net lig beseer. Later het dit geblyk hy was veel
ern stiger beseer as wat die Wit Huis aanvanklik bereid was om te erken.
Suid-Afrika se Waarheids-en-versoeningskommissie het tussen 1996 en 1998
kragtens wet menseregteskendings sedert 1960 ondersoek. Die Suid-Afrikaanse en
buitelandse media het 'n stewige uitdaging op hande gehad om talle gruwels uit die
monde van getuies in verteerbare dosisse die wereld in te stuur.
'n Mate van lesersweerstand vir "slegte nuus" wat lesers "magteloos" laat voel het, is
nietemin deur mediabestuurders by veral Kaapstad se twee Engelstalige dagblaaie
bespeur en 'n versigtige aanslag moes gevolg word. Die WVK kon nie geignoreer
word nie, maar die dikwels bloederige besonderhede wat daar aan die lig gekom het,
kon nie blindelings in lesers se keel gate afgedruk word nie. Hekwagterskap moes met
groot omsigtigheid gepleeg word. Die nuusfilters moes delikaat reguleer word.
In hierdie studie word gepoog om hekwagterskap te illustreer by wyse van 'n
ontleding van die dekking wat die drie dagblaaie in Kaapstad, die Cape Argus, Cape
Times en Die Burger, verleen het aan een van die Waarheids-enversoeningskommissie
se opspraakwekkendste sittings. In Junie en Julie 1998 het
sowat tien mans, op een na almal dokters, doktore of generaals, getuig oor hul
betrokkenheid by die opbou van Suid-Afrika se chemiese en biologiese wapenarsenaal. Verslaggewers het voor 'n groot uitdaging te staan gekom om by te
bly met die joernalistieke eise wat tydens hierdie sitting gestel is.
In hierdie studie word gekonsentreer op beriggewing oor vier prominente getuies se
weergawes, naamlik dr. Wouter Basson, gewese projekleier van Suid-Afrika se
chemiese en biologiese wapenprogram, sy bevelvoerder, It.-genl. Niel Knobel,
voormalige geneesheer-generaal, genl. Lothar Neethling, oud-hoofvan die polisie se
forensiese laboratorium, en dr. Jan Lourens, biomediese ingenieur en die eerste een
wat sy plek in die getuiestoel ingeneem het.
Gesprekke is gevoer met nege joernaliste by die drie koerante ten einde hul
beskouings en persepsies te peil ter illustrasie van hekwagterskap en hoe dit
hekwagterskap beinvloed het. Aspirant-mediabestuurders, sowel as mediabestuurders,
verslaggewers - almal wat hekwagtersrolle vertolk - sal hierdie studie straks leersaam
vind ter verfyning van hul kundigheid.
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Covering the GMO issue : an overview for South African science reportersFrost, Carolyn 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim and function of this paper is to provide a balanced account of how
the media, international and South African, have dealt with the issue of
genetically modified organisms (GMOs). A selection of interviews,
presentations, articles, transcripts and published reports forms the
background of this interpretation, and offers insight into the history of the
technology, the major role players, the legislation required and
implemented, the question of environmental accountability, and the power
of the media's influence. It addresses aspects of the causal relationship
between the media and public understanding, and the subsequent power
of the consumer as manifested by the perception of risk. The central
theme of genetic engineering conjures up a variety of meanings and
applications, and the plethora of available information is evaluated in an
attempt to develop informed understanding for reporters covering the
many dimensions of this development within the arena of science and
technology. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie verhandeling is om 'n ewewigtige oorsig te verstrek
van hoe die media - Suid-Afrikaans sowel as internasionaal - die kwessie
van geneties gemodifiseerde organismes gehanteer het. 'n Seleksie
onderhoude, aanbiedinge, artikels, transkripsies, en gepubliseerde verslae
vorm die basis van hierdie interpretasie, en verskaf 'n insig in die
geskiedenis van die tegnologie, die belangrike rolspelers, nodige en
géimplementeerde wetgewing, die vraag van omgewingstoerekenbaarheid,
en die mag van die media se invloed. Dit spreek aspekte aan van die
kousale verwantskap tussen die media en begrip deur die algemene
publiek, en die daaropvolgende mag van die verbruiker, soos dit duidelik
word in hulle insig in en begrip van die risiko-faktor. Die sentrale tema
van genetiese modifisering bring te voorskyn 'n verskeidenheid
betekenisse en aanwendings; en 'n oorsig van die massa beskikbare
inligting word hier aangebied in 'n poging om aan verslaggewers ingeligte
begrip aan te bied van die veelsydige omvang van die ontwikkeling van
genetiese modifisering in die gebied van wetenskap en tegnologie.
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Gehaltebeheer op web-inligting : kriteria waarvolgens joernaliste inligting van die wereldwye web af kan toets vir betroubaarheidStemmet, Catherina Elizabeth 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stennbosch, 2001.Thesis / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Internet connects millions of computers and people from all
over the world with each other. A few clicks with a mouse are
usually enough to gain access to the computers of almost any
university in the world. But it is not only professors and researchers
with years of experience who publish on the Internet. Anyone can
publish anything for any reason without any editing or verification
of the content. The Web is a valuable source of the information needed by science
journalists to confirm facts of stories or to gain background
information on a subject - if they know that the information is
reliable. This web site identifies and discusses criteria to help
establish the credibility of a web site. The Internet consists of far more than just the World Wide Web.
The World Wide Web is, however, the most talked-about and bestknown
part of the Internet, and the criteria discussed on this web site
are applicable to the World Wide Web alone. With a little common
sense and the necessary adaptations they can, however, be used to
determine the credibility of information found on other parts of the
Internet.
Science journalists, students using the Web for research, and any
other Web surfer will benefit from reading this document.
Anybody can publish on the Web. Is there a set of rules that can be
applied to a web site to measure its credibility? What are these
rules?
o FjrsUI1~ssion1i Is the layout professional? Is the site user
friendly? Is the style appropriate for the type of information?
Is the document free of spelling mistakes and grammatical
errors? Does it take too long to load?
o The_Contel1!Are there flaws in the logic used? Is the writer
biased? Is there any verification for this information? Is the
information accurate and complete?
o A~ When was the web page published? Are there many
broken links?
o Sourc(?.<,)f theJnt'oxmation Who is the author? Who is the
publisher? What do others have to say about this web site?
o P1!!]2_O~e/Targ~_lAudiel1W~~ho is the target audience? What does the user want from the web site? What is the purpose of
the web site? Who gains what?
A summary of the criteria in tabular form is available here. The criteria discussed on this web site are only guidelines. Some
criteria are more important than others. The situation will determine
the relevance of each of the criteria. The origin of the information,
the purpose thereof and the logic used are usually the most
important criteria. The most important rule, however, is the use of
common sense. Examine more than one source and compare them
with one another. An intelligent decision regarding the credibility of
the information can only be made when all (or most) sides ofa
matter have been examined. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Internet verbind miljoene rekenaars en mense regoor die
aarde met mekaar. Net 'n paar klieke van 'n muis kan toegang
verskaftot die rekenaars van amper enige universiteit in die
wêreld. Dit is egter nie net professors en navorsers met jare se
ervaring in hul veld wat hul bevindinge op die Wêreldwye Web
publiseer nie. Enige-iemand kan enige-iets om enige rede
publiseer sonder dat dit deur enige-iemand gelees of goedgekeur
hoef te word.
Die Web is 'n waardevolle bron van die tipe inligting wat
wetenskap-joernaliste nodig het om die feite van hul stories te
bevestig, of om agtergrondinligting oor 'n onderwerp in te samel
- mits hulle seker is dat die inligting vertrou kan word. Hierdie
webwerf identifiseer en bespreek verskillende kriteria wat kan
help om die gehalte van die inhoud van 'n webwerfte bepaal.
Die Wêreldwye Web is die bekendste deel van die Internet. Die
riglyne is van toepassing op die Web alleen, maar kan met
aanpassings ook op die ander dele van die Web gebruik word.
Wetenskapjoernaliste, studente wat die Web gebruik vir
navorsing, en enige webgebruiker sal baat vind by hierdie
webwerf.
Te veel mense kan publiseer. Is daar 'n stel reëls waarvolgens 'n
webwerf gemeet kan word wat sal verseker dat die inhoud
akkuraat en betroubaar is? Wat is daardie reëls?
By die ondersoek na die gehalte van die inhoud van 'n webwerf,
kan die volgende in gedagte gehou word:
o Eerst_ell1ilnlkke Is die uitleg professioneel? Is die werf
gebruikersvriendelik? Pas die skryfstyl by die tipe
inligting? Is die dokument vol spel- en taalfoute? Laai die
dokument vinnig af?
o (_J~loof\yaarciigl1Yidyangi_eJnhQlIC!Is die logika wat
gebruik word, logies? Is die skrywer objektief? Is daar
enige ondersteuning vir hierdie inligting? Is die inligting
akkuraat en volledig?
o Ouci~Jd9n}Wanneer is die webbladsy gepubliseer? Is dit
vol gebreekte skakels?
o Qie o_QGiPJ:Qllg_Ygji1e1i1llligting Wie is die skrywer? Wie is
die uitgewer of instansie? Wat het ander oor die webwerf
te sê?
o Q()elL(_J~h()()I Wie is die teikengehoor? Wat is die
gebruiker se doel daarmee? Wat is die webwerf se doel? Waar lê die geld?
'n Opsomming van die kriteria in tabelvorm is hLer beskikbaar Die kriteria wat op hierdie webwerf bespreek word, is slegs
riglyne. Sommige kriteria is belangriker as ander. Waardie
inligting vandaan kom, wie verantwoordelik is daarvoor en wat
die doel is daarmee is dalk die belangrikste vrae. Die
belangrikheid van die ouderdom van die inligting hang van die
tipe inligting wat ondersoek word, af. Die belangrikste reël by
die beoordeling van 'n webwerf blyegter gesonde verstand. Meer
as een bron moet ondersoek en met mekaar vergelyk word. Eers
as alle (of genoeg) kante van 'n saak ondersoek word, kan 'n
ingeligte besluit oor die akkuraatheid van inligting geneem word.
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Numbers count: the importance of numeracy for journalistsGenis, Amelia January 2001 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil) -- Stellenbosch University, 2001. / Bibliography / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Few news subjects or events can be comprehensively covered in the media without numbers
being used. Indeed, most reports are essentially 'number stories', or could be improved
through the judicious use of numbers. Despite this there are frequent complaints about poor
levels of numeracy among journalists.
Although numbers are fundamental to virtually everything they write, the most superficial
review of South African newspapers indicates that most encounters between journalists and
numbers of any sort are uncomfortable, to say the least. Reporters shy away from using
numbers, and frequently resort to vague comments such as "many", "more", "worse" or
"better". When reports do include numbers, they often don't make sense, largely because
journalists are unable to do simple calculations and have little understanding of concepts such
as the size of the world's population, a hectare, or a square kilometer. They frequently use
numbers to lend weight to their facts without having the numerical skills to question whether
the figures are correct.
Numeracy is not the ability to solve complicated mathematical problems or remember and use
a mass of complicated axioms and formulas; it's a practical life skill. For journalists it is the
ability to understand the numbers they encounter in everyday life - percentages, exchange
rates, very large and small amounts - and the ability to ask intelligent questions about these
numbers before presenting them meaningfully in their reports.
This thesis is not a compendium of all the mathematical formulas a journalist could ever need.
It is a catalogue of the errors that are frequently made, particularly in newspapers, and
suggestions to improve number usage. It will hopefully also serve to make journalists aware
of the potential of numbers to improve reporting and increase accuracy.
This thesis emphasises the importance of basic numeracy for all journalists, primarily by
discussing the basic numerical skills without which they cannot do their job properly, but also
by noting the concerns of experienced journalists, mathematicians, statisticians and educators
about innumeracy in the media. Although the contents of this thesis also apply to magazine, radio and television journalists, it is primarily aimed at their counterparts at South Africa's
daily and weekly newspapers.
I hope the information contained herein is of use to journalists and journalism students; that it
will open their eyes to the possibility of improving number usage and thereby reporting, serve
as encouragement to brush up their numerical skills, and help to shed light on the numbers
which surround them and which they use so readily. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Min nuusonderwerpe of -gebeure kan in beriggewing tot hul reg kom sonder dat enige getalle
gebruik word. Trouens, die meeste berigte is in wese 'syferstories', of kan verbeter word deur
meer sinvolle gebruik van syfers. Tog is daar vele klagtes oor joemaliste se gebrekkige
syfervaardigheid.
Ten spyte van die ingeworteldheid van getalle in haas alles wat hulle skryf, toon selfs die mees
oppervlakkige ondersoek na syfergebruik in Suid-Afrikaanse koerante joemaliste se ongemaklike
omgang met die meeste syfers. Hulle is skugter om syfers te gebruik, en verlaat hulle dikwels op
vae kommentaar soos "baie", "meer", "erger" of "beter". Indien hulle syfers gebruik, maak die
syfers dikwels nie sin nie: meermale omdat joemaliste nie basiese berekeninge rondom
persentasies en statistiek kan doen nie, en min begrip het vir algemene groothede soos die
wereldbevolking, 'n hektaar of 'n vierkante kilometer. Hulle sal dikwels enige syfer gebruik
omdat hulle meen dit verleen gewig aan hul feite en omdat hulle nie die syfervaardigheid het om
dit te bevraagteken nie.
Syfervaardigheid is nie die vermoe om suiwer wiskunde te doen of 'n magdom stellings en
formules te onthou en gebruik nie; dis 'n praktiese lewensvaardigheid, die vermoe om die
syferprobleme wat die daaglikse roetine oplewer - persentasies, wisselkoerse, baie groot en klein
getalle- te verstaan en te hanteer.
Hierdie tesis is nie 'n versameling van alle berekeninge wat joemaliste ooit sal nodig kry nie;
maar veel eerder 'n beskrywing van die potensiaal van syfers om verslaggewing te verbeter en
joemaliste te help om ag te slaan op die getalle rondom hulle en die wat hulle in hul berigte
gebruik.
Die doel van die tesis is om die belangrikheid van 'n basiese syfervaardigheid vir alle joemaliste
te beklemtoon, veral die basiese syfervaardighede waarsonder joemaliste nie die
verslaggewingtaak behoorlik kan aanpak nie, te bespreek, en ook om ervare joemaliste, wiskundiges, statistici en opvoeders se kommer oor joemaliste se gebrek aan syfervaardigheid op
te teken. Hoewel alles wat in die tesis vervat is, ewe veel van toepassing is op tydskrif-, radio- en
televisiejoemaliste, val die klem hoofsaaklik op hul ewekniee by Suid-Afrikaanse dag- en
weekblaaie.
Ek hoop die inligting hierin vervat sal van nut wees vir praktiserende joemaliste en
joemalistiekstudente om hulle bewus te maak van die moontlikhede wat bestaan om
syfergebruik, en uiteindelik verslaggewing, te verbeter en as aanmoediging dien om hul
syfervaardigheid op te skerp.
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29 |
Suid-Afrikaanse motorpublikasies in die nuwe millenniumHeese, Hans Friedrich 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--University of South Africa, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study deals with the history and development of motoring publications in South Africa since
the start of the twentieth century.
An important aspect of the study is the examination of the profitability of specialist motoring
publications that are in direct competition with motoring sections in newspapers, radio and
television. The ability of the motoring media to draw advertisements - especially from the car
manufacturers - is also scrutinised.
In this study the problems encountered by journalists seeking information or feed-back from certain
car manufacterers, are highlighted.
The study also covers new technical developments such as the Internet and the numerous new
motoring websites and closes with case studies of two new ventures; one which was successful,
another which failed. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie handeloor die ontstaansgeskiedenis en ontwikkeling van die verskillende
motortydskrifte en ander motorpublikasies in Suid-Afrika vanaf die begin van die twintigste eeu.
'n Belangrike aspek van die studie behels die ondersoek na die winsgewendheid van spesialispublikasies
wat direk met motorbylaes in koerante, die radio en televisie kompeteer. Die vermoë van
spesialispublikasies om advertensies te genereer, veral advertensies van motorvervaardigers, kom
onder die soeklig.
In die studie word ook gewys op die probleme waarmee motorjoernaliste te doen kry wanneer hulle
inligting of terugvoer van sommige motorvervaardigers verlang.
Die studie betrek ook nuwe ontwikkelings soos die Internet en die talle motorwebwerwe wat feitlik
daagliks verrys en sluit af met twee gevallestudies van 'n suksesvolle en onsuksesvolle onderneming.
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30 |
n Mediabestuursondersoek na die samestelling en vergelykbaarheid van die Suid-Afrikaanse argitektuurtydskrifte, South African architect en Architect and builderLe Roux, Frieda E 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis(MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: At the end of the previous century the magazine market has established itself as 'n
highly specialised field with publications focussing on increasingly smaller and
specialised niche groups. The South African market is a good reflection of this with a
wide variety of magazines available, each with its own unique readers.
However it appears as if architectural reporting fills a very small part of this market.
Taking a look at the important role architecture - the built environment - plays in
daily life, the question occurs why such an integral part of the human experience and
field of reference is getting so little coverage.
Across the world the history of architectural reporting goes back for more than a
century and, especially in the Developed World it seems to be going from strength to
strength.
Research into architectural reporting in South Africa shows that the tradition also
goes back for nearly one hundred years. Still it has never featured very highly on the
content pages of magazines and newspapers. In a country faced with the kind of
building and development problems such as those in South Africa, one would expect
architecture to be discussed more openly and often.
At this stage South Africa has only two magazines which exclusively focuses on
architecture. These magazines are not to be found in stores, however. Do they have
a responsibility in informing the general public regarding matters surrounding
architecture?
This study looks at the mentioned magazines and why they operate like they do. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die tydskrifmark het die vorige eeu afgesluit as 'n hoogs gespesialiseerde veld met
publikasies wat op al hoe kleiner en meer gespesialiseerde nisgroepe fokus. Ook in
Suid-Afrika is daar 'n wye verskeidenheid tydskrifte beskikbaar, elkeen met 'n unieke
leserssamestelli ng.
Tog blyk dit dat argitektuurverslaggewing 'n baie klein deel van hierdie mark
uitmaak. Kyk 'n mens kyk die belangrike rol wat argitektuur - die beboude omgewing
- in die daaglikse lewe speel, ontstaan die vraag waarom so 'n integrale deel van die
mens se ervarings- en verwysingsveld so min aandag kry.
Die geskiedenis van argitetkuurverslaggewing wereldwyd is al meer as 'n honderd
jaar oud en in sommige oorsese - meesal ontwikkelde -Iande Iyk asof dit gedy.
'n Ondersoek na argitektuurverslaggewing in Suid-Afrika toon dat dit ook hier al byna
honderd jaar beoefen word, maar dit het nog nooit enige hoe profiel in die
inhoudsopgawes van tydskrifte ingeneem nie. Ook in koerante word dit seide indien
ooit bespreek. Veral in 'n land 5005 Suid-Afrika, waar daar groot bouvraagstukke is
wat opgelos moet word, sou 'n mens kon verwag dat argitektuur meer prominent
bespreek sou word.
Daar is op hierdie stadium slegs twee Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrifte wat eksklusief op
argitektuur fokus. Tog is hierdie tydskrifte nie op die winkelrakke beskikbaar nie. Het
hierdie tydskrifte 'n verantwoordelikheid teenoor die algemene publiek, om hulle
meer bewus en ingelig te maak rondom kwessies betreffende argitektuur?
Hierdie studie stel ondersoek in na die genoemde tydskrifte en waarom hulle bestuur
word 5005 wat wei die geval is.
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