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Die leerstuk van die 'undisclosed principal'Van der Horst, J. C January 1971 (has links)
Thesis (LLD) -- Stellenbosch University, 1971. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: see item for full text
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: sien item vir volteks.
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Communal land and tenure security: analysis of the South African Communal Land Rights Act 11 of 2004Johnson, Ebrezia 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (LLM (Private Law))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this thesis, the Communal Land Rights Act 11 0f 2004 is analysed in order to
determine whether it can give effect to the constitutional mandate in terms of
which it was promulgated, namely section 25(5), (6) and (9) of the Constitution.
Land policy pertaining to land tenure reform is discussed to see how and to
what extent it finds application in the Act. The time-consuming process
pertaining to the registration of the community rules is investigated, and the
implications where a community fails to adhere to this peremptory provision in
the Act are explained.
The thesis also analyses and discusses the functions of statutorily created
institutions, like the land administration committee and the land rights boards, in
the efficient management of land in rural areas. The aforementioned land
administration committee is particularly problematic, since the Act provides that
in cases where a recognised tribal authority exist, that institution “may” be
considered as the land administration committee, subject to prescribed
composition requirements as contained in the Act. The Traditional Leadership
and Governance Framework Act will also be discussed since it intersects with
the Communal Land Rights Act in this regard.
The pending constitutional challenge which relates to this potentially
problematic issue, will be discussed. The constitutional challenge of the Act by
four communities’ is explored in order to indicate just how potentially
problematic the institution of traditional leadership could be.
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This study also discusses and analyses the compromise contained in the Act,
regarding the registration of the land title of a community and the registration of
“new order rights” in the name of individuals. In this context the impact of this
process on the efficacy on the current Deeds registration system is
investigated. The Ministerial determination and its constitutional implications is
yet another issue, examined in this study. All of these issues will have a
negative impact on the implementation of the Communal Land Rights Act and
especially on achieving tenure security. / AFRIKAANS OPSOMMING: In hierdie tesis word die Wet op Kommunale Grondregte 11 van 2004
geanaliseer om te bepaal of dit inderdaad voldoen aan die grondwetlike
mandaat soos voorsien in art 25(5), (6) en (9) van die Grondwet. Die beleid van
toepassing op grondbeheerhervorming word bespreek om te bepaal tot watter
mate dit wel in die Wet aanwending vind. Die tydrowende prosedure van die
registrasie van gemeenskapsreëls word ondersoek, asook die implikasies
indien ‘n gemeenskap nie aan die voorskriftelike bepaling voldoen nie.
Die tesis bespreek en evalueer ook die funksies van die twee instellings wat
statutêr geskep is, naamlik grond administrasie komitees en grondregte rade.
Die twee instellings is geskep met die doel om van hulp te wees in die
effektiewe administrasie van grond in die kommunale areas. Dit is veral die
grond administrasie komitee wat problematies is, omdat die Wet op Kommunale
Grondregte bepaal dat waar ‘n gemeenskap ‘n erkende tradisionele owerheid
het, hierdie owerheid beskou sal word as die grond administrasie komitee van
daardie spesifieke gemeenskap. In hierdie konteks is ‘n bespreking van die Wet
op Tradisionele Leierskap en Regeringsraamwerk, noodsaaklik.
Die betwiste grondwetlike kwessie wat tot op hede nog onbeslis is wat hiermee
verband hou, sal ook bespreek word. ‘n Kort uiteensetting word gedoen van die
vier gemeenskappe wat die Wet op grondwetlik gronde aanveg om presies te
probeer aantoon hoe problematies die instelling van tradisionele leierskap is.
Hierdie studie bespreek en analiseer verder ook die kompromis wat getref is
tussen registrasie van die titelakte in die naam van ‘n gemeenskap en die
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registrasie van sogenaamde “nuwe orde regte” in die naam van individue. Die
impak van hierdie magdom registrasies op die bestaande registrasiesisteem
word ook oorweeg.
Die grondwetlikheid van die ministeriële besluitnemingsbevoegdheid word
breedvoerig bespreek in hierdie studie. Al hierdie genoemde kwessies mag
nadelige impak hê op die implementering van die Wet op Kommunale
Grondregte en spesifiek ook op grondbeheerhervorming.
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A South African perspective on some critical issues regarding the OECD model tax convention on income and on capital, with special emphasis on its application to trustsDu Plessis, Izelle 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (LLD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Trusts are used for a variety of purposes, both in South Africa and abroad. Like so many other entities, trusts often do not function only in one jurisdiction and may therefore be exposed to international double taxation. South Africa, like most other states, enters into bi-lateral double taxation treaties, to limit the effects of international double taxation. Most of these treaties are based on the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital (the OECD MTC).
The South African trust is a unique creature. It is not based on the dual ownership concept on which most common law trusts are based, yet, it is not a juristic person either. The question that this research aims to address is how South Africa will interpret and apply certain provisions of the OECD MTC to trusts. Although the South African position is investigated, it is compared to the positions of the United Kingdom, Canada and the Netherlands.
The dissertation starts with an analysis of the trust law in each of the relevant states, followed by an overview of the taxation regime governing trusts (and the parties thereto) in each state. The status of double taxation treaties and their interpretation are examined before certain critical provisions of the OECD MTC are analysed to determine how South Africa will apply these provisions to trusts. Hence it is explored whether a trust will be regarded as a person, whether it may be a resident and a beneficial owner for purposes of the OECD MTC. Furthermore, possible solutions for conflicts of attribution in the application of double tax conventions to trusts are investigated.
The dissertation concludes that South Africa will regard a trust as a person for purposes of the OECD MTC. Moreover, some types of trusts may be viewed as residents and as beneficial owners for purposes of the OECD MTC. The solution proposed in the OECD’s Partnership Report should be applied to resolve conflicts of attribution involving trusts. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Trusts word vir ‘n groot verskeidenheid doeleindes gebruik, nie net in Suid-Afrika nie, maar ook in die buiteland. Net soos baie ander entiteite funksioneer trusts baie keer nie net in een jurisdiksie nie. Trusts word dus ook blootgestel aan internasionale dubbelbelasting. Soos die meeste ander state, sluit Suid-Afrika dubbelbelastingooreenkomste om die effek van internasionale dubbelbelasting te beperk. Die meeste van hierdie ooreenkomste is gebaseer op die OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital (die OECD MTC).
Die Suid-Afrikaanse trust het ‘n unieke aard. Dit is nie gebaseer op die konsep van verdeelde eiendomsreg waarop die meeste gemeenregtelike trusts gebasseer is nie, maar tog is dit ook nie ‘n regspersoon nie. Die vraag wat hierdie navorsing probeer beantwoord is hoe Suid-Afrika sekere bepalings van die OECD MTC sal interpreteer en toepas op trusts. Alhoewel die Suid-Afrikaanse posisie ondersoek word, word dit deurgaans vergelyk met die posisie in die Verenigde Koningkryk, Kanada en Nederland.
Die proefskrif begin met ‘n analise van die trustreg in elk van die betrokke state en word gevolg deur ‘n oorsig van die belastingstelsel wat trusts (en die partye daartoe) belas in elk van die state. Die status van dubbelbelastingooreenkomste en hul interpretasie word ondersoek voordat sekere kritiese bepalings van die OECD MTC geanaliseer word om vas te stel hoe Suid-Afrika hierdie bepalings sal toepas op trusts. Daar word dus ondersoek of ‘n trust beskou sal word as ‘n persoon, of dit ‘n inwoner en ‘n uiteindelik geregtigde kan wees vir doeleindes van die OECD MTC. Voorts word moontlike oplossings vir toerekeningskonflikte in die toepassing van dubbelbelastingooreenkomste op trusts, ondersoek.
Die proefskrif kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat in Suid-Afrika die trust beskou sal word as ‘n persoon vir doeleindes van die OECD MTC. Verder sal sommige tipes trusts gesien word as inwoners en as uiteindelik geregtigdes vir doeleindes van die OECD MTC. Die oplossing voorgestel in die OECD se Verslag oor Vennootskappe behoort toegepas te word om toerekeningskonflikte op te los.
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A uniform condominium statute for China based on a comparative study of the South African Sectional Titles Act and American Uniform Common Interest Ownership ActChen, Lei 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (LLD (Private Law))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / The objective of this study is to examine the significance of introducing and
strengthening apartment ownership in China. The research aims to explore and
scrutinize various apartment ownership options from selected jurisdictions in order to
provide a framework for similar legislation in China. Hence, the research seeks to
provide a legislative framework for a uniform condominium statute by closely
examining the South African Sectional Titles Act and the American Uniform Common
Interest Ownership Act. This comparative study will help to establish a uniform
condominium statute suitable to the Chinese national character and compatible with
the pace of the country’s economic development.
The thesis is organized into seven chapters. The first chapter explains the research
topic, theoretical basis of the thesis, and research methodology. Moreover, in this
chapter the historical background and status quo of Chinese condominium institution
are also illustrated.
Following this introduction, Chapter Two explores the theoretical structure of
condominium ownership. It depicts the legislative innovation arising from its sui
generis features and explains the objects of condominium ownership on the basis of
its unique definition.
In Chapter Three, a wide spectrum of provisions is identified pertaining to the
creation of condominium in China with reference to South African and American acts.
Specifically, it observes the requirements for land intended for subdivision and the
buildings that comprise a condominium project. It is highlighted that a
condominium’s constitutive document is unregulated in China. Moreover, the
characteristic Chinese land registration procedure is also presented.
Chapter Four demonstrates the significance of the participation quota and analyzes
the advantages and disadvantages of different participation quota calculating methods.
Chapter Five emphasizes that inherent in the condominium living is the interdependence of interests among unit owners. Consequently, this chapter focuses
on condominium owners’ use and enjoyment of their apartments and the common
property.
Chapter Six elaborates on condominium management. This chapter examines the
management body, the general meeting, the executive council and the managing agent.
It concludes that having a well-structured management body is essential since a
condominium community cannot function efficiently without a management
association to represent all of the owners and to handle day-to-day operations.
The last chapter concludes that China needs to enact a uniform condominium to
protect private interests within the condominium context.
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Einde van lewe besluite ten opsigte van defektiewe babas : 'n juridiese perspektiefRossouw, Elzaan 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (LLM (Private Law))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / End of life decisions regarding defective babies raise several controversial questions. The root of the problem in withdrawing or withholding life-sustaining treatment from defective babies lies in the conflict between human emotions, technological advancements and legal considerations.
As a result of advances in medical science and neonatal technology, the lives of defective babies can often be saved or indefinitely prolonged. The question has become not whether we can treat these babies, but rather whether we should. Whether or not a defective baby’s life must be prolonged raises serious moral and ethical issues. A life compromised by severe physical and mental handicaps is weighed against an early and painless death.
The best interest of the baby is the primary consideration from a legal point of view. Various factors must be taken into account to give content to this concept. Another central question is to determine who the decision maker(s) should be and what weight should be given to their opinions. Due to the fact that defective babies can not participate in this decision making process or communicate their wishes and preferences, surrogate decision makers must decide on their behalf.
In sharp contrast to England, America and Canada, there is hardly any literature and no reported case law in South Africa to demonstrate the complexity of end of life decisions regarding defective babies. Selective non-treatment of defective babies have received little attention in the South African law. The Bill of Rights, inspired by regional and international Conventions determine the framework from a juristic perspective wherein decisions must be made and justified. This framework requires that the focus must be on the most vulnerable and dependant, namely the defective baby.
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