Thesis (M.Eng.)--University of Louisville, 2008. / Title and description from thesis home page (viewed May 15, 2008). Department of Chemical Engineering. Vita. "December 2008." Includes bibliographical references (p. 42).

Thesis (Professional Degree)--University of Missouri, School of Mines and Metallurgy, 1925. / The entire thesis text is included in file. Typescript. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed October 9, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--University of California, Berkeley, 1958. / "Chemistry-General" -t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-142).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2004. / Supervisor: Ronald Matthews. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available from UMI.

In this study, two different strategies were carried out to modify the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) distillation membrane for desalination. The first strategy was the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles into the target membranes and a synergistic effect of hydrophilic and hydrophobic nanoparticles was found for the first time in this work. And the other strategy was the introduction of another polymer material, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), to the PVDF membranes to fabricate a flat sheet PVDF-PTFE composite membrane and this is the first attempt that such a membrane to be made. Two types of membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) detection, porosity measurement, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle (CA) measurement, atomic force spectroscopy (AFM) detection and liquid entry pressure of water (LEPw) measurement. Their performance was evaluated by vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) experiments. And the best VMD pure water permeate flux of the membranes fabricated under these two modify strategies could achieve 4.26 kg/m2h (M-L5-B2) and 5.61 kg/m2h (M-40), respectively, when that of pure PVDF membrane is only 0.71 kg/m2h. The salt rejection of the prepared composite membranes are all stably higher than 99.5% which demonstrate their capacity for desalination.

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Orientadores: Rubens Maciel Filho, Maria Regina Wolf Maciel / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T04:24:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lopes_MelinaSavioli_D.pdf: 1741276 bytes, checksum: a3f177bf8b02e5a8f535049d4a17998b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Em 2008 a Petrobras confirmou a descoberta de óleo leve na camada sub-sal. São reservas com petróleo considerado de média a alta qualidade, segundo a escala API. Neste contesto da condição do petróleo nacional tem-se como objetivo geral desta de tese de doutorado determinar experimentalmente as curvas de destilação de frações pesadas de cinco petróleos nacionais (Curva PEV) para obtenção das frações de destilado (este processo gera duas correntes de produto, a saber, corte e resíduo). Os cortes e resíduos gerados pela destilação molecular foram caracterizados para se conhecer as amostras estudadas. Foram realizados ensaios de viscosidade (via viscosímetro e reômetro), massa molar (via cromatografia de permeação em gel), massa específica e destilação simulada. A fração leve resultante do processo de destilação molecular submetida a uma destilação simulada (SimDis - Simulated Distillation), gera pontos em temperaturas maiores para extensão da curva PEV. Essa é uma técnica de cromatografia gasosa a alta temperatura (HTSD), na qual temperaturas de, aproximadamente, 750ºC podem ser alcançadas na curva PEV. A partir disso, e, ainda, ampliando o conjunto de dados experimentais de diferentes tipos de petróleos desenvolveu-se uma nova função para a correlação DESTMOL. O desenvolvimento de uma correlação envolvendo as condições operacionais da destilação molecular permite elevar a curva de Ponto de Ebulição Verdadeiro (PEV) para até 700ºC. Esta nova correlação amplia a caracterização dos petróleos, hoje disponível até 565ºC. Desenvolveu-se também uma correlação para determinação da massa molar de petróleos baseado na temperatura de operação do destilador molecular / Abstract: In 2008, Petrobras confirmed the discovery of light oil in sub-salt layer. With oil reserves are considered medium to high quality, according to the API scale. In this contest the condition of the national oil has been the general objective of this doutoral thesis to experimentally determine the curves of distillation of petroleum heavy fractions of five national Curve (TBP) to obtain the distillate fractions (this process generates two product streams, namely, cutting and waste). The cuts and waste generated by molecular distillation to know were characterized samples. Viscosity tests were performed (by rheometer and viscometer), molecular weight (by gel permeation chromatography), density and simulated distillation. The light fraction resulting from molecular distillation process subjected to a simulated distillation (SimDis - Simulated Distillation), generates points where temperature curve for extension of the TBP. This is a technique of high temperature gas chromatography (HTSD), in which temperatures of approximately 750 ºC can be reached on the curve TBP. From this, and also expanding the set of experimental data of different types of oil has developed a new function for the correlation DESTMOL. The development of a correlation involving the operating conditions of molecular distillation curve can raise the True Boiling Point (TBP) for up to 700 ºC. This new correlation extends the characterization of oil, now available up to 565 ºC. has also developed a correlation for determining the molecular weight of oil based on the operating temperature of the molecular still / Doutorado / Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos / Doutor em Engenharia Química

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