The operation of groups of heavy-duty vehicles at small inter-vehicular distances, known as platoons, lowers the overall aerodynamic drag and, therefore, reduces fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Experimental tests conducted on a flat road and without traffic have shown that platooning has the potential to reduce the fuel consumption up to 10%. However, platoons are expected to drive on public highways with varying topography and traffic. Due to the large mass and limited engine power of heavy-duty vehicles, road slopes can have a significant impact on feasible and optimal speed profiles. Therefore, maintaining a short inter-vehicular distance without coordination can result in inefficient or even infeasible speed trajectories. Furthermore, external traffic can interfere by affecting fuel-efficiency and threatening the safety of the platooning vehicles. This thesis addresses the problem of safe and fuel-efficient control for heavy-duty vehicle platooning. We propose a hierarchical control architecture that splits this complex control problem into two layers. The layers are responsible for the fuel-optimal control based on look-ahead information on road topography and the real-time vehicle control, respectively. The top layer, denoted the platoon coordinator, relies on a dynamic programming framework that computes the fuel-optimal speed profile for the entire platoon. The bottom layer, denoted the vehicle control layer, uses a distributed model predictive controller to track the optimal speed profile and the desired inter-vehicular spacing policy. Within this layer, constraints on the vehicles' states guarantee the safety of the platoon. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is analyzed by means of simulations of several realistic scenarios. They suggest a possible fuel saving of up to 12% for the follower vehicles compared to the use of existing platoon controllers. Analysis of the simulation results shows how the majority of the fuel saving comes from a reduced usage of vehicles brakes. A second problem addressed in the thesis is model predictive control for obstacle avoidance and lane keeping for a passenger car. We propose a control framework that allows to control the nonlinear vehicle dynamics with linear model predictive control. The controller decouples the longitudinal and lateral vehicle dynamics into two successive stages. First, plausible braking and throttle profiles are generated. Second, for each profile, linear time-varying models of the lateral dynamics are derived and used to formulate a collection of linear model predictive control problems. Their solution provides the optimal control input for the steering and braking actuators. The performance of the proposed controller has been evaluated by means of simulations and real experiments. / <p>QC 20150911</p>

No description available.

O mapeamento de inundações tem sido objeto de estudo para o desenvolvimento de Planos Diretores (PD). Desde 2002, a Prefeitura Municipal de São Carlos-SP (PMSC) desenvolve seu PD com diretrizes para prevenção e controle de enchentes. No entanto, o cenário atual é o de execução de obras estruturais anti-enchentes, onerosas e de soluções pontuais. Pela ausência de planejamento prévio da urbanização em áreas de risco, a região do Mercado Municipal de São Carlos (MMSC) é a principal atingida pelas enchentes na várzea do córrego do Gregório. Este estudo provê elementos à tomada de decisão no PD através de medidas estruturais e não-estruturais como o mapeamento de enchentes. Foram inventariados os eventos críticos que produziram inundações próximo ao MMSC, via entrevista à população da várzea. Para essas datas e para chuvas de projeto, foram simulados os escoamentos com transformação chuva-vazão integrada e propagação simples através de um modelo concentrado IPHS-1 e um modelo distribuído HIDRORAS, cujos resultados foram comparados. Os dados de entrada foram calibrados usando dados monitorados. As incertezas inerentes aos modelos foram identificadas. Os eventos simulados oferecem importantes subsídios para o mapeamento de inundações, a discutir na agenda do PD da cidade. Foram estudadas medidas estruturais de controle de inundação, consistindo em um “piscinão" sem necessidade de escavação, e não-estruturais, como o acréscimo de áreas de infiltração. Concluiu-se que, para bacias urbanas, como a bacia do córrego do Gregório, as alterações nos padrões de fluxo de escoamento devido às vias urbanas são mais bem representadas pelo modelo distribuído HIDRORAS, apesar de se reservar uma parcela de incertezas quanto a este modelo, como a atribuição de valores ao parâmetro da condutividade hidráulica saturada / Since 2002, the Municipality of São Carlos, SP, Brazil (PMSC) is developing a Master Plan, thereby pursuing the guidelines for flood preventing and controlling. However, the present scenario shows expensive, on-site anti-flood works in São Carlos. Due to the absence of previous watershed planning, the area around the Municipality Market (MMSC) is continuously threatened by overspilling inundation events in the floodplain of the Gregorio river. Aim of this work is to provide supporting information to decision-making in the Master Plan using structural and nonstructural measures, as flood zoning of risk-prone areas. Critical flood events that produced inundation at MMSC were identified interviewing inhabitants living in these urban risk-areas. Those critical events were simulated with runoff-stormflow transformation and wave routing by the concentrated model IPHS-1 and the distributed model HIDRORAS, which results were compared. Input data were calibrated from monitored flood events. Uncertainties inherent to each model were identified. Results depict initial yardsticks for flood mapping to be included in the Master Plan agenda. Structural measures of flooding control, consisting in a retention basin without excavation, and non-structural measures, as increase of the infiltration area, were investigated. It came out that for urban watersheds as the Gregório basin, changes in the flow patterns due to urban paths are better represented by the distributed model HIDRORAS. However, a portion of uncertainties for this model, like the influence of soil’s saturated hydraulic conductivity still remain

O mapeamento de inundações tem sido objeto de estudo para o desenvolvimento de Planos Diretores (PD). Desde 2002, a Prefeitura Municipal de São Carlos-SP (PMSC) desenvolve seu PD com diretrizes para prevenção e controle de enchentes. No entanto, o cenário atual é o de execução de obras estruturais anti-enchentes, onerosas e de soluções pontuais. Pela ausência de planejamento prévio da urbanização em áreas de risco, a região do Mercado Municipal de São Carlos (MMSC) é a principal atingida pelas enchentes na várzea do córrego do Gregório. Este estudo provê elementos à tomada de decisão no PD através de medidas estruturais e não-estruturais como o mapeamento de enchentes. Foram inventariados os eventos críticos que produziram inundações próximo ao MMSC, via entrevista à população da várzea. Para essas datas e para chuvas de projeto, foram simulados os escoamentos com transformação chuva-vazão integrada e propagação simples através de um modelo concentrado IPHS-1 e um modelo distribuído HIDRORAS, cujos resultados foram comparados. Os dados de entrada foram calibrados usando dados monitorados. As incertezas inerentes aos modelos foram identificadas. Os eventos simulados oferecem importantes subsídios para o mapeamento de inundações, a discutir na agenda do PD da cidade. Foram estudadas medidas estruturais de controle de inundação, consistindo em um “piscinão” sem necessidade de escavação, e não-estruturais, como o acréscimo de áreas de infiltração. Concluiu-se que, para bacias urbanas, como a bacia do córrego do Gregório, as alterações nos padrões de fluxo de escoamento devido às vias urbanas são mais bem representadas pelo modelo distribuído HIDRORAS, apesar de se reservar uma parcela de incertezas quanto a este modelo, como a atribuição de valores ao parâmetro da condutividade hidráulica saturada / Since 2002, the Municipality of São Carlos, SP, Brazil (PMSC) is developing a Master Plan, thereby pursuing the guidelines for flood preventing and controlling. However, the present scenario shows expensive, on-site anti-flood works in São Carlos. Due to the absence of previous watershed planning, the area around the Municipality Market (MMSC) is continuously threatened by overspilling inundation events in the floodplain of the Gregorio river. Aim of this work is to provide supporting information to decision-making in the Master Plan using structural and nonstructural measures, as flood zoning of risk-prone areas. Critical flood events that produced inundation at MMSC were identified interviewing inhabitants living in these urban risk-areas. Those critical events were simulated with runoff-stormflow transformation and wave routing by the concentrated model IPHS-1 and the distributed model HIDRORAS, which results were compared. Input data were calibrated from monitored flood events. Uncertainties inherent to each model were identified. Results depict initial yardsticks for flood mapping to be included in the Master Plan agenda. Structural measures of flooding control, consisting in a retention basin without excavation, and non-structural measures, as increase of the infiltration area, were investigated. It came out that for urban watersheds as the Gregório basin, changes in the flow patterns due to urban paths are better represented by the distributed model HIDRORAS. However, a portion of uncertainties for this model, like the influence of soil’s saturated hydraulic conductivity still remain

In this thesis, we develop methods leading towards the distributed control of spatio-temporally constrained systems. Overall, we focus on two different approaches: a model predictive control approach and an approach based on ensuring set-invariance via control barrier functions. Developing a distributed control framework for spatio-temporally constrained systems is challenging since multiple subsystems are interconnected via time-varying state constraints. Often, such constraints are only implicitly given as logic formulas, for example in Signal Temporal Logic (STL). Our approach to dealing with spatio-temporal constraints is as follows. We aim at combining the computational efficiency of low-level feedback controllers with planning algorithms. Low-level feedback controllers shall ensure the satisfaction of parts of spatio-temporal constraints such as coupling state constraints or short term time-constraints. In contrast, planning algorithms account for those parts that require computationally intense planning operations. Powerful low-level controllers can simplify the planning task significantly. For this reason, the focus of this thesis is on the development of low level feedback controllers.  In the first part, we focus on handling coupling state constraints using a model predictive control (MPC) approach. Commonly, the distributed handling of coupling state constraints requires a sequential or iterative MPC scheme which however is computationally time-intense. We address this issue by employing consistency constraints to develop a parallelized distributed model predictive controller (DMPC). By using consistency constraints, each subsystem guarantees to its neighbors that its states stay within a particular neighborhood around a reference trajectory. Furthermore, we propose extensions to robust and iterative schemes. Building up on this, also systems with bounded dynamic couplings can be controlled. In the second part, we focus on methods for ensuring set-invariance. In particular, we focus on control barrier functions (CBF). We show how spatio-temporal constraints that comprise disjunctions (logic OR) can be encoded in non-smooth time-varying control barrier functions and how subgradients can be used to synthesize an efficient gradient-based controller. For these results, controllability assumptions must be invoked. To extend the results to systems with weaker controllability properties, we investigate the connection between controllability properties and the construction of CBFs. As a result, we propose a construction method for CBFs based on finite horizon predictions. The constructed CBF exhibits favorable properties for the extension of the previous results on encoding spatio-temporal constraints in CBFs to systems with weaker controllability properties. At last, we investigate with a case study how set-invariance methods can be used to implicitly coordinate systems subject to coupled state constraints. Our proposed method is fully decentralized and subsystems coordinate themselves purely via their actions and the adjustment of their individual constraints. In the end, we draw a conclusion and outline how the presented results contribute to the development of a distributed control framework for spatio-temporally constrained systems. / I den här avhandlingen utvecklar vi metoder som leder till distribuerad styrning av tillstånds-temporalt begränsade system. Vi följer två olika tillvägagångssätt: å ena sidan en modellprediktiv styrning och å andra sidan ett tillvägagångssätt som bygger på att säkerställa invarians i mängden via kontrollbarriärfunktioner. Det är en utmaning att utveckla ett ramverk för distribuerad styrning för tillstånds-temporalt begränsade system, eftersom flera delsystem är sammankopplade via sina tillståndsbegränsningar som varierar över tiden. Ofta ges sådana begränsningar endast implicit som logiska formler, till exempel i Signal Temporal Logic (STL).  Vår metod för att hantera tillstånds- och tidsmässiga begränsningar är följande. Vi strävar efter att kombinera beräkningseffektiviteten hos återkopplingsregulatorer på låg nivå med planeringsalgoritmer. Återkopplingsregulatorer på låg nivå skall säkerställa att delar av de tillstånds- och tidsmässiga begränsningarna uppfylls, t.ex. sammankopplande tillståndsbegränsningar eller kortsiktiga tidsbegränsningar, medan planeringsalgoritmerna tar hänsyn till de delar som kräver beräkningsintensiva planeringsoperationer. Kraftfulla styrsystem på låg nivå kan förenkla planeringsuppgiften avsevärt. Därför fokuserar vi i denna avhandlingen på utvecklingen av återkopplingsregulatorer på låg nivå.  I den första delen fokuserar vi på att hantera sammankopplande tillståndsbegränsningar för distribuerade system med hjälp av en modell prediktiv styrning (MPC). Vanligtvis kräver den distribuerade hanteringen av kopplingsbegränsningar ett sekventiellt eller iterativt MPC-system som dock är tidskrävande. Därför utvecklar vi en parallelliserad distribuerad modell prediktiv styrning (DMPC) baserad på konsistensbegränsningar. Därigenom garanterar ett delsystem till sina grannar att det håller sig inom ett visst område runt en referensbana. Den generiska formuleringen av vårt DMPC-system möjliggör flera realiseringar. En särskild realisering föreslås. Dessutom utvecklas utvidgningar till ett robust och iterativt system samt ett DMPC-system för system med begränsade dynamiska kopplingar. I den andra delen fokuserar vi på metoder för att säkerställa invariansen av mängder. Vi fokuserar särskilt på kontrollbarriärfunktioner (CBF). Vi visar hur tillstånds- och tidsmässiga begränsningar kan inkodas i icke-glatta tidsvarierande kontrollbarriärfunktioner och hur subgradienter kan användas för att konstruera en effektiv gradientbaserad styrning. För dessa resultat måste antaganden om kontrollerbarhet åberopas. För att utvidga detta resultat till system med svagare kontrollerbarhetsegenskaper undersöker vi kopplingen mellan dynamiska systems kontrollerbarhetsegenskaper och konstruktionen av en CBF. Som ett resultat av detta föreslår vi en konstruktionsmetod för CBF:er som bygger på förutsägelser för ändliga horisonter. Den konstruerade CBF:n uppvisar gynnsamma egenskaper för att utvidga det tidigare resultatet om kodning av rums-temporala begränsningar i CBF:er till system med svagare kontrollerbarhetsegenskaper. Slutligen undersöker vi med hjälp av en fallstudie hur metoder för att säkerställa invariansen av mängder kan användas för att implicit samordna system som är kopplade via tillståndsbegränsningar. Vår föreslagna metod är helt decentraliserad och delsystemen samordnar sig själva endast via sina handlingar och justeringen av sina individuella begränsningar. Slutligen drar vi en slutsats och beskriver hur de presenterade resultaten bidrar till utvecklingen av ett ramverk för distribuerad styrning av tillstånds- och tidsmässigt begränsade system. / <p>QC 20230520</p>

Solid oxide fuel cell/gas turbine (SOFC/GT) hybrid systems harness the capability to operate nearly 15 to 20 percentage points more efficiently than standard natural gas or pulverized coal power plants. Though the performance of these systems is quite promising, a number of system integration challenges, primarily with regards to thermal transport, still remain. It is for that reason that the Hybrid Performance Project (HyPer) facility, a Hardware-in-the-Loop SOFC/GT hybrid simulator, was built at the National Energy Technology Laboratory in Morgantown, WV. The HyPer facility couples an actual gas turbine with a combination of hardware and software that are used to simulate an actual SOFC. The facility is used to empirically address the system integration issues associated with fuel cell/gas turbine hybrids. Through this dissertation project, the software component of the SOFC simulator was upgraded from a 0-D lumped SOFC model to a 1-D, distributed, real-time operating SOFC model capable of spatio-temporal characterization of a fuel cell operating with a gas turbine in a hybrid arrangement. Once completed and verified, the upgraded HyPer facility was used to characterize the impact of cold air by-pass and initial fuel cell load on electrochemical start-up in an SOFC/GT hybrid environment. The impact of start-up on fuel cell inlet process parameters, SOFC performance and SOFC distributed behavior are presented and analyzed in comparative manner. This study represents the first time that an empirical parametric study, characterizing system operation during electrochemical start-up has been conducted.

Distributed coordination of multi-agent systems (MASs) has been widely studied in various emerging engineering applications, including connected vehicles, wireless networks, smart grids, and cyber-physical systems. In these contexts, agents make the decision locally, relying on the interaction with their immediate neighbors over the connected communication networks. The study of distributed coordination for the multi-agent system (MAS) with constraints is significant yet challenging, especially in terms of ubiquitous uncertainties, the heavy communication burden, and communication delays, to name a few. Hence, it is desirable to develop distributed algorithms for the constrained MAS with these practical issues. In this dissertation, we develop the theoretical results on robust distributed model predictive control (DMPC) algorithms for two types of control problems (i.e., formation stabilization problem and consensus problem) of the constrained and uncertain MAS and apply robust DMPC algorithms in applications of cooperative marine vehicles. More precisely, Chapter 1 provides a systematic literature review, where the state-of-the-art DMPC for formation stabilization and consensus, robust MPC, and MPC for motion control of marine vehicles are introduced. Chapter 2 introduces some notations, necessary definitions, and some preliminaries. In Chapter 3, we study the formation stabilization problem of the nonlinear constrained MAS with un- certainties and bounded time-varying communication delays. We develop a min-max DMPC algorithm with the self-triggered mechanism, which significantly reduces the communication burden while ensuring closed-loop stability and robustness. Chapter 4 investigates the consensus problem of the general linear MAS with input constraints and bounded time-varying delays. We design a robust DMPC-based consensus protocol that integrates a predesigned consensus protocol with online DMPC optimization techniques. Under mild technical assumptions, the estimation errors propagated over prediction due to delay-induced inaccurate neighboring information are proved bounded, based on which a robust DMPC strategy is deliberately designed to achieve robust consensus while satisfying control input constraints. Chapter 5 proposes a Lyapunov-based DMPC approach for the formation tracking control problem of co-operative autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) subject to environmental disturbances. A stability constraint leveraging the extended state observer-based auxiliary control law and the associated Lyapunov function is incorporated into the optimization problem to enforce the stability and enhance formation tracking performance. A collision-avoidance cost is designed and employed in the DMPC optimization problem to further guarantee the safety of AUVs. Chapter 6 presents a tube-based DMPC approach for the platoon control problem of a group of heterogeneous autonomous surface vehicles (ASVs) with input constraints and disturbances. In particular, a coupled inter-vehicle safety constraint is added to the DMPC optimization problem; it ensures that neighboring ASVs maintain the safe distance and avoid inter-vehicle collision. Finally, we summarize the main results of this dissertation and discuss some potential directions for future research in Chapter 7. / Graduate / 2023-04-19

[ES] El agua como recurso natural en condiciones adecuadas para los ecosistemas terrestres y las actividades humanas es cada vez más escasa, lo cual es origen de tensiones crecientes entre los diferentes grupos sociales. A esta escasez se suma la capacidad actual del ser humano de modificar significativamente el ciclo hidrológico, tanto cuantitativa como cualitativamente, por lo que el recurso natural puede verse mermado, una vez más, de forma importante por las actividades humanas. La calidad del agua en las masas de agua superficiales y subterráneas depende de las características naturales de la cuenca así como de las afecciones antrópicas que se producen en la misma, y es un aspecto determinante de la salud de los ecosistemas acuáticos y de las actividades humanas que se puedan desarrollar en un territorio. Actualmente, un paso crucial para poder determinar la situación de las masas de agua y su previsible evolución futura, consiste en conocer adecuadamente el ciclo hidrológico en su etapa terrestre y como le afectan las actividades humanas. Debido a que la degradación de la calidad del agua genera externalidades negativas en el medio ambiente, y finalmente en todas las actividades humanas que pueden tener un impacto muy elevado, la sociedad europea, consciente de esta situación, establece mediante la Directiva 60/2000/CE Marco del Agua (DMA) (EC, 2000) el desarrollo de un proceso de análisis y de actuaciones para mejorar el estado de todas las masas de agua europeas en el año 2015. Uno de los pasos de este proceso es el “Análisis de Presiones e Impactos”, en el cual se trata de identificar las presiones que ejercen las actividades humanas y al mismo tiempo relacionarlas con los impactos que se producen en las masas de agua, de forma que se puedan establecer las medidas necesarias que mayor efectividad tengan en la mitigación de los impactos de las actividades humanas. En la presente tesis doctoral se ha desarrollado un módulo o herramienta para la modelación matemática del ciclo hidrológico y calidad del agua en grandes cuencas hidrográficas, dedicando especial atención a la componente subterránea y a las relaciones río-acuífero. El objeto de este módulo consiste en poder construir modelos de simulación que permitan conocer los flujos de agua, con sus características químicas, que se producen en una cuenca hidrográfica. El módulo PATRICAL (Precipitación Aportación en Tramos de Red Integrados con Calidad del Agua) permite construir modelos espacialmente distribuidos del ciclo hidrológico, obteniendo los flujos de agua que se producen en los diferentes puntos de la cuenca y los niveles piezométricos medios en los acuíferos. Además, incluye la simulación del contenido de nitrato y de la conductividad eléctrica del agua en el suelo, en el medio no saturado, en los acuíferos y en las aguas superficiales. Se ha definido también, en esta tesis, una metodología de aplicación gradual para la realización del análisis de presiones e impactos establecido en la DMA, de forma que los modelos de simulación que se construyen con esta herramienta permiten realizar la fase más compleja del análisis de presiones e impactos y también se podrá, con los mismos, cuantificar el efecto de las medidas que se definan en el futuro. La utilidad práctica de la herramienta y metodología desarrollada se demuestra con la aplicación que se ha realizado, la construcción de un modelo de simulación de una cuenca de gran tamaño como es el ámbito de la Confederación Hidrográfica del Júcar, con más de 42.000 km2, obteniéndose los flujos de agua que se producen en la misma y los valores de concentración de nitrato y de conductividad eléctrica en las masas de agua superficiales y subterráneas. Estos resultados permiten identificar los agentes causantes de las modificaciones de las condiciones químicas en los diferentes puntos de la cuenca y, además, conocer la evolución histórica y la tendencia hacia el futuro. / [CA] L'aigua com a recurs natural en condicions adequades per als ecosistemes terrestres i les activitats humanes és cada vegada més escàs, la qual cosa és origen de tensions creixents entre els diferents grups socials. A esta escassetat es suma la capacitat actual del ser humà de modificar significativament el cicle hidrològic, tant quantitativa com qualitativament, motiu pel qual el recurs natural pot veure's minvat, una vegada més, de forma important per les activitats humanes. La qualitat de l'aigua en les masses d'aigua superficials i subterrànies depén de les característiques naturals de la conca així com de les afeccions antròpiques que es produeixen en la mateixa, i és un aspecte determinant de la salut dels ecosistemes aquàtics i de les activitats humanes que es puguen desenvolupar a un territori. Un pas crucial, actualment, per a poder determinar la situació de les masses d'aigua i la seua previsible evolució futura, consisteix a conéixer adequadament el cicle hidrològic en la seua etapa terrestre i com li afecten les activitats humanes. Pel fet que la degradació de la qualitat de l'aigua genera externalitats negatives en el medi ambient i, finalment, en totes les activitats humanes que poden tindre un impacte molt elevat, la societat europea conscient d'esta situació estableix, per mitjà de la Directiva 60/2000/CE Marc de les Aigües (DMA) (EC, 2000) el desenvolupament d'un procés d'anàlisi i d'actuacions per a millorar l'estat de totes les masses d'aigua europees l'any 2015. Un dels passos d'aquest procés és el “Anàlisi de Pressions e Impactes”, en el qual es tracta d'identificar les pressions que exerceixen les activitats humanes i, al mateix temps, relacionar-les amb els impactes que es produeixen en les masses d'aigua, de manera que es puguen establir la mesures necessàries en les activitats humanes que major efectivitat tinguen en la mitigació dels impactes que es produeixen. En la present tesi doctoral s’ha desenvolupat un mòdul o ferramenta per a realitzar la modelació matemàtica del cicle hidrològic i de la qualitat de les aigües en conques hidrogràfiques de gran tamany, dedicant especial atenció a la component subterrània i a les relacions riu-aqüífer. L'objecte d'aquest mòdul consisteix a poder construir models de simulació que permeten conéixer els fluxos d'aigua, amb les seues característiques químiques, que es produeixen a una conca hidrogràfica. El mòdul PATRICAL (Precipitació Aportació en Trams de Xarxa Integrats amb Qualitat de les Aigües) permet construir models espacialment distribuïts del cicle hidrològic, obtenint els fluxos d'aigua que es produeixen a diferents punts de la conca i els nivells piezomètrics en els aqüífers, a més inclou la simulació del contingut de nitrat i de la conductivitat elèctrica de l'aigua en el sòl, en el medi no saturat, en els aqüífers i en les aigües superficials. S’ha definit, en aquesta tesi doctoral, una metodologia d'aplicació gradual per a la realització de l'anàlisi de pressions e impactes establit en la DMA, de forma que els models de simulació que es construeixen amb aquesta ferramenta permeten realitzar la fase més complexa de l'anàlisi de pressions e impactes, i també es podrà, amb els mateixos, quantificar l'efecte de les mesures que es definisquen en el futur. La utilitat pràctica de la ferramenta i metodologia desenvolupada es demostra amb l'aplicació que s'ha realitzat, la construcció d'un model de simulació d'una conca de gran tamany, com és l'àmbit de la Confederació Hidrogràfica del Xúquer de més de 42.000 km2, obtenint-se els fluxos d'aigua que es produeixen en la mateixa i els valors de concentració de nitrat i de conductivitat elèctrica en les masses d'aigua superficials i subterrànies. Aquests resultats permeten identificar els agents causants de les modificacions de les condicions químiques als diferents punts de la conca, i a més, conéixer l'evolució històrica i la tendència cap al futur. / [EN] Water as natural resource in conditions adapted for the terrestrial ecosystems and the human activities is more and more scarce, which is origin of increasing tensions between the different social groups. The present-day capability of the human to modify the hydrologic cycle significantly adds to this scarcity, as much of quantitative form as of qualitative form, reason why the natural resource can be seen decreased, once again, of important form by the human activities Water quality in the superficial and groundwater bodies depends on the natural characteristics of the river basin and human affections that take place in the same one, and it is a determinant aspect of the health of the aquatic ecosystems and the human activities that can be developed in a territory. At the moment, a crucial step to be able to determine the situation of water bodies and its foreseeable future evolution consists of suitably knowing the hydrologic cycle in its terrestrial stage and as it affect human activities to it. Because the degradation of the quality of water generates negative external effects in the environment and finally, in all the human activities that they can have a very high impact, the European society, conscious of this situation, establishes by means of the Directive 60/2000/CE Frame of Waters (WFD) (EC, 2000) the development of a analysis process and performances to improve the state of all the European water bodies in 2015. One of the steps of this process is the “Analysis of Pressures and Impacts”, in which one tries to identify the pressures that exercise the human activities and at the same time to relate them to the impacts that take place in the water bodies, so that the necessary measures can be established that greater effectiveness must to reduce the impacts of the human activities In this doctoral thesis it has developed a module or tool for the mathematical modeling of the hydrologic cycle and the quality of water to large basins, dedicating especial attention to the underground component and relations river-aquifer. The object of this module consist of being able to do simulation models that allow to know water flows, with their chemical characteristics, that take place in a hydrographic river basin. The module PATRICAL allows to construct spacely distributed models of the hydrologic cycle, getting the water flows that are produced in the different points from the river basin and piezometric levels in the aquifers, in addition includes the simulation of the nitrate contents and of the electrical conductivity of water in the soil, in means non saturated, in the aquifers and in surface waters bodies. Besides, in this doctoral thesis has been defined a methodology of gradual application for the accomplishment pressures and impacts analysis established in the WFD, in order to simulation models that they are constructed with this tool they allow to make the most complex phase of pressures and impacts analysis, and also it will be able with them to quantify the effect of the measures that are defined in the future. The practical utility of the tool and developed methodology is demonstrated with the application that have been made, the construction of a simulation model of a large basin, the Júcar River District of over 42,000 km2, obtaining water flows that are produced in the same one and concentration values of nitrate and electrical conductivity in the superficial and underground water bodies. These results allow to identify the agents that cause chemical conditions modifications in the different points from the river basin, and in addition to know the historical evolution and the tendency towards the future / A la Comission of the European Communities por su financiación a través del proyecto "Water resources Management Under Drought Conditions, WAM-ME", contrato ICA3.1999.00014 (Directorate General XII Science, Research & Development); y del proyecto "SEDEMED - Sécheresse et Desertification dans les bassins méditerranées", ref. 2002-02-4.4-1084 (INTERREG III B-Mediterranée Occidentale). Al Ministerio de Educación y Cultura de España por su financiación a través de la Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología, CICYT mediante el proyecto "Desarrollo de Elementos de un Sistema Soporte de Decisión para la Gestión de Recursos Hídricos", contrato HID1999-0656 y el proyecto "Sistema de apoyo a la decisión para la gestión cuantitativa, cualitativa y ambiental de cuencas hidrográficas", referencia REN2002/03192. / Pérez Martín, MÁ. (2005). Modelo distribuido de simulación del ciclo hidrológico y calidad del agua, integrado en sistemas de información geográfica para grandes cuencas. Aportación al análisis de presiones e impactos de la directiva marco del agua [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/191462