Globalisation has come as a double-edged blade for information technology (IT) companies; providing growth opportunities and yet posing many challenges. Software development is moving from a monolithic model to a distributed approach, where many entities and organisations are involved in the development process. Risk management an important area to deal with all the kinds of technical and social issues within companies planning and programming schedules, and this new way of working requires more attention to be paid to the temporal, socio-cultural and control aspects than before. Multinational companies like IBM have begun to consider how to address the distributed nature of its projects across the globe. With outlets across the globe, the company finds various people of different cultures, languages and ethics working on a single and bigger IT projects from different locations. Other IT companies are facing the same problems, despite there being many kinds of approaches available to handle risk management in large scale IT companies. IBM commissioned the Distributed Risk Management Process (DRiMaP) model as a suitable solution. This model focused on the collaborative and on-going control aspects, and paid attention to the need for risk managers, project managers and management to include risk management into all phases of projects and the business cycle. The authors of the DRiMaP model did not subject it to extensive testing. This research sets out to evaluate, improve and extend the model process and thereby develop a new and dynamic approach to distributed information systems development. To do this, this research compares and contrasts the model with other risk management approaches. An Evolutionary Model is developed, and this is subjected to empirical testing through a hybrid constructive research approach. A survey is used to draw out the observations of project participants, a structured interview gathered the opinions of project experts, a software tool was developed to implement the model, and SysML and Monte Carlo methods were applied to this to simulate the functioning of the model. The Evolutionary Model was found to partially address the shortcomings of the DRiMaP model, and to provide a valuable platform for the development of an enterprise risk management solution.

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The occurrence of two recent major earthquakes, 17 August 1999 Mw = 7.4 Izmit and 12 November 1999 Mw = 7.1 D&uuml / zce, in Turkey prompted seismologists and geologists to conduct studies to predict magnitude and location of a potential earthquake that can cause substantial damage in Istanbul. Many scenarios are available about the extent and size of the earthquake. Moreover, studies have recommended rough estimates of risk areas throughout the city to trigger responsible authorities to take precautions to reduce the casualties and loss for the earthquake expected. Most of these studies, however, adopt available procedure by modifying them for the building stock peculiar to Turkey. The assumptions and modifications made are too crude and thus are believed to introduce significant deviations from the actual case. To minimize these errors and use specific damage functions and capacity curves that reflect the practice in Turkey, a study was undertaken to predict damage pattern and distribution in Istanbul for a scenario earthquake proposed by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). The success of these studies strongly depends on the quality and validity of building inventory and site property data. Building damage functions and capacity curves developed from the studies conducted in Middle East Technical University are used. A number of proper attenuation relations are employed. The study focuses mainly on developing a software to carry out all computations and present results. The results of this study reveal a more reliable picture of the physical seismic damage distribution expected in Istanbul.

In this thesis we will elaborate on multivariate extreme value modelling, re- lated practical and theoretical aspects. We will mainly focus on the dependence models, the extreme value copulas in particular. Extreme value copulas effec- tively unify the univariate extreme value theory and the copula framework itself in a single view. We familiarize ourselves with both of them in the first two chapters. Those chapters present generalized extreme value distribution, gen- eralized Pareto distribution and Archimedean copulas, that are suitable for the multivariate maxima and the threshold exceedances description. These two top- ics will be addressed in the third chapter in detail. Taking into consideration rather practical focus of this thesis, we examine the methods of data analysis extensively. Furthermore, we will employ these methods in a comprehensive case study, that will aim to reveal the importance of extreme value theory application in the Catastrophe Insurance. 1

Pastaruoju metu daugelyje šalių privatus sektorius yra vis intensyviau įtraukiamas finansuojant ir įgyvendinant valstybės ir savivaldybių investicijų projektus, susijusius su viešosios infrastruktūros plėtra ir viešųjų paslaugų teikimu. Vis dėlto Lietuvoje viešojo ir privataus sektorių partnerystė yra naujovė, bendrų projektų įgyvendinimui trukdo netobula įstatymų bazė, neigiamas visuomenės nuomonė, praktikos ir žinių šioje srityje trūkumas. Todėl tikslinga šiame darbe išanalizuoti ir įvertinti visas aplinkybes, kurios trukdo viešajam sektoriui bendradarbiauti su privataus sektoriaus atstovais, supažindinti su VPSP būkle ir perspektyvomis Lietuvoje. Darbe keliamas tikslas yra išanalizuoti viešojo ir privataus sektorių bendradarbiavimo Lietuvoje alternatyvas, daugiausia dėmesio skiriant pagal partnerystės principą įgyvendinamiems projektams. Šio tikslo siekiama pirmiausia supažindinant su viešojo ir privataus sektorių partnerystės samprata, svarbiausiais principais ir esme. Pateikiama pagal partnerystės schemas Lietuvoje įgyvendinamų projektų apžvalga ir vykdymo tendencijos, atlikta detalesnė VPSP reglamentuojančių teisės aktų analizė ir vertinimas. Taip pat pasitelkus anketinę apklausą siekiama įvertinti tarpsektorinio bendradarbiavimo savivaldose galimybes. Savivaldybėse atliktas tyrimas patvirtino iškeltą hipotezę, kad Lietuvoje nėra sudarytos pakankamos prielaidos viešojo sektoriaus institucijoms bendradarbiauti su privačiu verslu. Pastebėta tendencija, kad įtraukiant... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Recently in many countries private sector are increasingly involved in financing and implementation of state and municipal investment projects related to public infrastructure and public service development and improvement. However, in Lithuania, public-private sector partnership implementation remains a novelty, as joint projects implementation are hampered by imperfect legislation, negative public attitudes, practices and lack of knowledge in this field. It is therefore appropriate in this work to examine all the circumstances that prevent public sector to cooperate with the private sector. Accordingly, PPP condition and prospects in Lithuania are analyzed. The aim of this work is to analyze alternatives of public and private sector cooperation, focusing on projects that are implementing under partnership principle. This objective is reached presenting concept of public-private sector partnership, the main principles and point. Also in this work are presented a review of projects implementing under partnership schemes, a more detailed PPP legislation analysis and evaluation. There is also given a questionnaire survey to assess cooperation opportunities in municipality of Lithuania. Results of survey presented that raised hypothesis was approved. There are not enough good conditions for public and private sector cooperation in Lithuania. Observed trend that in a joint project with private partner are applied other more often used forms, like lease or public procurement... [to full text]

Per XX a. paskutinius dešimtmečius viešojo ir privataus sektorių santykis gerokai pasikeitė. Tradiciškai viešojo sektoriaus veiklos sričiai priskirtų paslaugų teikimui ar infrastruktūros modernizavimui ir plėtimui imta naudoti viešojo ir privataus sektorių partnerystę. Koncesija yra vienas iš partnerystės modeliu. Ją galima apibūdinti kaip susitarimą tarp viešojo ir privataus sektorių, kurio tikslas sujungti viešuosius ir privačius išteklius, siekiant realizuoti viešosios politikos tikslus. Lietuvoje koncesijos, lyginant su kitomis valstybėmis, yra naujas reiškinys, neturintis tradicijų ir patirties. Viešosios institucijos retai nusprendžia investicijas pritraukti koncesijos sutarčių pagrindu. Šio darbo objektas yra koncesija. Tikslas - išnagrinėti koncesijų taikymo galimybes Lietuvoje. Tikslo pasiekimui iškelti trys uždaviniai, kurie nulėmė darbo struktūrą. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje analizuojant mokslinę literatūrą ir taikant apibendrinimo metodą nagrinėjamos ekonominės – socialinės viešojo ir privataus sektorių partnerystės atsiradimo prielaidos ir partnerystės sąvoka. Antrojoje dalyje, analizuojant viešojo ir privataus sektorių partnerystės taikymo galimybes atliekama mokslinės literatūros ir informacinių šaltinių analizė, taikomas klasifikavimo ir sisteminimo metodas. Trečiojoje darbo dalyje vertinant koncesijų taikymo galimybės atliekamas kokybinis tyrimas, suformuluojami pagrindiniai klausimai, atliekama norminių teisės aktų ir informacinių šaltinių lyginamoji analizė... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Infrastructure has been traditionally viewed as a natural monopoly under the management, control, financial responsibility of the central and local government. However, various countries of the world have shown a growing interest in Concessions (one of the Public Private Partnership model) over the last two decades. Concession is arrangement in which the public and private sectors join together to produce and deliver goods and services. It is a sufficiently new phenomenon in Lithuania and some shortcomings are noticeable in its application. The object of this thesis is Concession. The aim of work is to analyze possibilities to apply the concession in Lithuania. Three tasks were established for the realizing the goal meanwhile determining the structure of thesis. In the first part of thesis there is analysed Public Private Partnership, as phenomena, using analysis of academic literature. In the second part, by using analysis of special and statistical literature, there are analysed subjects influencing Public Private Partnership and experience of various countries of the world in the developing Partnership policy. Situation in Lithuania by excluding main prerequisites for developing concessions is analysed in the third part, using qualitative analysis of academic and special literature, laws, conference materials, comparative, case study methods and quantitative analysis by carrying out a survey of Municipalities opinion. Analysis of theoretical and practical aspects has shown... [to full text]