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Unsustainable use of wildlife is a global conservation challenge. Understanding ecosystem specific patterns of wildlife exploitation is key to addressing this challenge. This thesis explores the nature of wildlife exploitation in and around Ugalla Game Reserve in western Tanzania. The reserve is divided into Ugalla east and Ugalla west tourist hunting blocks. First, I assessed the status of wildlife in the hunting blocks. Overall, estimates of wildlife population parameters suggested that Ugalla west was somewhat more exploited than Ugalla east. Second, I looked at the degree to which the hunting blocks experienced illegal wildlife hunting (poaching) and factors behind this. The spatial distribution of poaching signs and household interviews revealed that poaching was widespread, more so in Ugalla west than Ugalla east. Proximity to the reserve encouraged poaching, although bushmeat consumption increased with distance from the reserve. A wide range of bushmeat species was favoured, but the common species were impala Aepyceros melampus, dik-dik Madoqua kirkii and common duiker Sylvicapra grimmia. Availability of alternative sources of animal protein, agricultural production and income had significant influences on poaching. Different forms of poaching were specialist activities largely independent of each other. To address poaching, the main focus of attention has been on creating wildlife management areas (WMAs) along with allowing legal subsistence hunting by the communities around the reserve. Third, I assessed the impact of legal subsistence hunting on the wildlife species, and showed that it is not well managed and wildlife populations are contracting. This leaves WMAs as a potentially viable option for the conservation of Ugalla. Therefore, lastly, I identified and recounted some options for promoting the sustainability of WMAs. This thesis presents the first detailed assessment of wildlife exploitation in Ugalla, thus contributing to the existing body of knowledge on tackling the bushmeat crisis in Africa.

When islanding occurs, power supply from the main grid is interrupted which causes a problem when distributed generators continue to provide power into distributed networks. An islanding situation should be detected accurately soon after the island is formed. Because failure to trip the islanded distributed resource can lead to a number of problems for the resource and the connected load. Although ROCOF islanding detection method is the most commonly employed anti-islanding protection technique, it provides fast detection and easily implementation. It is sensitive to the system disturbance. Therefore, the application of the ROCOF relay to detect system islanding has been limited. This thesis proposes a solution to enhance the performance of the ROCOF relay by cooperation with rate of change of power or v2/p interlock function. During system load variation, the false operation of ROCOF relay can be blocked effectively. It is validated by applied in grid-connected synchronous generator, Doubly-fed Induction generator (both simulation and experiment) and microgrid. The principle of rate of change of power or v2/p interlock function are presented in this thesis. The new interlock function v2/p with ROCOF relays works well for different types of DGs within a short detection time without introducing perturbation into the system, which are the advantages over other active and hybrid islanding detection methods. The performances characteristics of ROCOF relays for DGs islanding detection (i.e. frequency measuring methods, measuring windows, generator inertia constant, relay settings and load power factor) are investigated. In addition, two other islanding detection methods (impedance measurement (active method) and the Total Harmonic Method) are applied to the grid-connected DFIG distributed system, the comparison and effectiveness of these two methods utilized in islanding and load changing conditions are also discussed.

In this thesis a single-ended traveling wave fault location algorithm is developed for autonomously locating short circuit faults on a radial distribution line using the high frequency traveling wave transients. The traveling wave pattern observed at the sub-station is correlated with the traveling wave pattern predicted using time tree analysis for different fault locations and fault resistance. Genetic search techniques are used to evolve an initial population of possible fault locations to determine the most likely fault location. It is shown through extensive EMTP simulations that the scheme is capable of finding the location of three phase faults, inter-phase faults and single-phase faults for fault resistances ranging from 0 - 1000 ohm on a radial distribution line with five sub-feeders. A new high speed FPGA based data acquisition system is developed suitable for capturing traveling wave fault data from a radial distribution line with the necessary fidelity for the proposed fault location algorithm. The data acquisition system is deployed on a Medium Voltage distribution line in the Santa Caterina region of Brazil. A branched communication network is constructed out of RG-58 coaxial cable and a Time Domain Reflectometry device is used to capture the reflection pattern under different fault conditions. The fault location algorithm is adapted to work with TDR a opposed to fault generated traveling waves. The location algorithm is capable of locating faults with resistance between 0 and 75 ohm up to three zones away from the injection point.

This work described in this thesis develops a computationally efficient approach to performing electromagnetic simulations in the presence of statistically defined uncertainties caused by either material inhomogeneities, or fabrication and placement tolerances. Comparisons are made with results from Monte Carlo simulations and a sequence of higher order approximation extensions is considered. There are two main techniques used to achieve the overall objective of this thesis namely: the Direct Solution Technique (DST) and the Unscented Transform (UT) method. The DST based on Taylor series approximations is intended to explicitly provide rapid approximate solutions that obviate the need for extremely slowly converging and time consuming Monte Carlo analysis of multiple simulations. The DST approach is useful in problems where sensitivity of system responses with respect to stochastic variables can be mathematically defined. The UT method is similar to the Monte Carlo method but makes use of a significantly smaller number of simulations. As the number of random variables considered increases, the UT procedure requires more simulations. The advantage of the UT method is that it is applicable to black-box models and can therefore be extended to different electromagnetic solvers. The case studies used in this thesis are developed using the Transmission Line Modelling (TLM) method. Both the DST and UT method were found to enhance the modelling of uncertainty in electromagnetic problems. The scopes of both methods are explored and observations made upon both the degree of problem complexity and the extent of stochastic variation permitted.

Thick Paleogene sequences occur in the southern deformed fold and thrust belt of the Himalayas. In this thesis I describe detailed litho- and biostratigraphy from ten key stratigraphic sections in the Kohat Basin, the Potwar Basin and the Trans Indus Ranges (TIR). These stratigraphies combined with microfacies analysis resulted in a new interpretation of the tectono-stratigraphic history of the area, which is dominated by India-Asia collision but where eustatatic effects can also be identified. Of particular interest is documenting the timing of the final closure of the northern rim of the Tethys caused by this collision. The Kohat and Potwar Basins represent foreland basins within the collision zone. Their stratigraphies document effects of local tectonics and eustatic sea level. The biostratigraphy is based on occurrences of larger benthic foraminifera. Taxonomy of the species is included in the thesis. The Paleogene rocks of the study area are divided into local larger benthic forminiferal biozones: BFZK 1- BFZK 6 in the Kohat Basin and BFZP 1-BFZP 3 in the Potwar Basin and the TIR. These local biozones are correlated to the global standard biozonation schemes of Höttinger (1960), Schaub (1981), and Serra Kiel et al. (1998). The ages of the sequences are Late Paleocene (Thanitian) to Middle Eocene (Upper Lutetian) in the Kohat Basin, and Late Paleocene (Thanitian) to Early Eocene (Middle Cuisian) in the Potwar Basin and the TIR. The sediments were deposited along a carbonate ramp platform in both areas (sensu Read, 1982, 1985). The sequence stratigraphic histories of the two basins are described as follows. In the Kohat Basin, Thanitian to Middle Cuisian strata record the first Transgressive-Regressive cycle (TRK 1). The first sequence boundary (SBK 1) is followed by Middle Cuisian-Upper Cuisian lowstand progradational deposition that marks the end of TRK 1 cycle. Middle Lutetian 1-Upper Lutetian strata represent the second Transgressive-Regressive cycle (TRK 2). The second sequence boundary (SBK 2) ends TRK 2 deposition, after which no more deposition took place. In the Potwar Basin and the TIR, Thanitian strata comprise the first Transgressive- Regressive cycle (TRP 1), whilst Lower Lllerdian-Middle Lllerdian 1 strata constitute the second Transgressive-Regressive cycle (TRP 2). Middle Lllerdian 2 to Middle Cuisian strata mark the third Transgressive-Regressive cycle (TRP 3). Three sequence boundaries (the SBP 1, the SBP 2 and the SBP 3), marked by exposure surfaces, separate the three depositional cycles. The SBP 1 and SBP 2 sequence boundaries are controlled by local tectonics. In contrast the SBP 3 and SBK 1 sequence boundaries are synchronous at 49.5 Ma, and represent a phase of significant relative sea level fall, possibly driven by the combined effect of uplift (collision tectonics) and eustatic sea level fall (e.g. Haq et al., 1987). This implies that proto-closure of the northern rim of the Tethys occurred around 49.5 Ma. Reestablishment of marine conditions in the Kohat Basin occurred in the Middle Lutetian 1 around 45.8 Ma, possibly caused by a combination of flexural loading of the Indian plate (Pivinik & Wells, 1996) and eustatic sea-level rise (e.g. Haq et al., 1987). The final closure of the Tethys, marked by the end of marine sedimentation in the Kohat Basin, occurred in the Upper Lutetian (41.2 Ma). Finally, Himalayan foreland molasses sedimentation occurred during Miocene to Pliocene.

The use of the p-value in determination of statistical significance—and by extension in decision making—is widely taught and frequently used.  It is not, however, without limitations, and its use as a primary marker of a worthwhile conclusion has recently come under increased scrutiny.  This paper attempts to explain some lesser-known properties of the p-value, including its distribution under the null and alternative hypotheses, and to clearly present its limitations and some straightforward alternatives.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1995 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada / The Data Acquisition and Distribution System (DADS) transparently collects data from a ship's combat system and transfers that data by satellite to a shore site. The system was developed by the Naval Surface Warfare Center Port Hueneme Division (NSWC PHD). DADS supports surface ship data collection, display, distribution, and debrief capabilities. NSWC PHD personnel used equipment assets developed in-house and purchased data communications hardware and software to develop DADS. A satellite terminal was placed outside Building 1380, and analog telephone lines were installed, linking the Data Communications and Control Laboratory (DCCL) with the Satellite Earth Station in Santa Paula, CA. A shipboard DADS transparently taps a ship's Combat System and collects selected data files. The data is compressed and archived. After shore site personnel select the data required for analysis, DADS encrypts it, and transmits the data via satellite to the shore site for reconstruction and analysis. DADS is unattended. The portable shipboard system equipment and software is controlled from a shore site via the International Maritime Satellite (INMARSAT). The DCC supports transmission speeds of up to 9.6 kilobits/second when connected to a communication system with this capability.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1993 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / Currently, there is a large effort being placed on the use of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) equipment to satisfy dedicated system requirements. This emphasis is being pursued in the quest of reducing overall system development costs. The development activity discussed in this paper consisted of determining some of the boundaries and constraints in the use of COTS equipment for high speed data distribution. This paper will present some of the lessons learned in developing a real-time high speed (greater than 1 MByte/sec) data distribution subsystem using COTS equipment based on industry accepted standards and POSIX P1003.1 operating system compliance.