The  purpose  of  this  paper  is to  examine  the  role  of  the  section  Private  right”  of  Kant’s Doctrine of Right.  I propose that the analysis of the external mine and thine”, which takes place in this section, has the function of proving that there is a kind of subjective right related to the possession of external objects of choice: the acquired rights. These rights, as well as the innate right, require for their effective exercise the foundation of a state legislated by the general will. / El propósito de este trabajo es ofrecer algunas consideraciones acerca del rol de la sección El derecho privado” de la Doctrina del derechode Kant. Se propone que el análisis de lo mío y tuyo exterior”, que tiene lugar en la sección en cuestión, tiene la función de mostrar que existe un tipo de derecho subjetivo vinculado con la posesión de objetos externos al arbitrio: los derechos adquiridos. Estos derechos, al igual que el derecho innato, exigen, para su ejercicio efectivo, la institución de un Estado legislado por la voluntad general.

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Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-06T14:09:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 analuciadamascena.pdf: 799102 bytes, checksum: 1e0d56e9a9c2a156a004b796bfcb7aa0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-09-06T14:14:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 analuciadamascena.pdf: 799102 bytes, checksum: 1e0d56e9a9c2a156a004b796bfcb7aa0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-06T14:14:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 analuciadamascena.pdf: 799102 bytes, checksum: 1e0d56e9a9c2a156a004b796bfcb7aa0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-26 / A presente pesquisa propõe uma reflexão crítica sobre a questão da efetivação dos direitos fundamentais sociais no Estado capitalista, a partir da leitura do tratamento teórico dado pela doutrina de Direito sobre o tema. A resposta à questão da efetivação dos direitos apontada pelo debate jurídico é a aplicação imediata dos mesmos, alimentada pela premissa de um Estado como ente neutro, racional, provedor do bem comum, com consequente judicialização das demandas diante da ineficácia ou inexistência de políticas sociais para enfrentamento da “questão social”. Daí decorre a importância de se buscar as determinações centrais estruturais do processo social que impossibilitam alcançar a efetivação dos direitos fundamentais sociais na ordem capitalista, em contraste com o previsto nos textos constitucionais. Para tanto, adota-se na presente pesquisa a concepção materialista da história, a fim de apontar os fatores externos ao Estado e as múltiplas determinações em seu papel desempenhado na sociabilidade capitalista, em cada momento histórico, a fim de traduzir as limitações à questão da efetivação dos direitos sociais e viabilizar a indicação das possibilidades e limites de seu enfrentamento. Indica-se que, embora a atuação do Judiciário seja necessária e represente uma conquista no Estado democrático de direito, este não pode ser tomada como caminho central. Aponta-se a importância do controle social da Administração Pública e da necessidade de organização das classes subalternas na busca de hegemonia na sociedade civil, a fim de criar mecanismos capazes de tencionar, por meio do Estado, a ordem capitalista na busca de implementação de políticas públicas com caráter de universalidade que possibilitem uma maior efetivação dos direitos constitucionalmente previstos e a conquista, inclusive de novos direitos. Na dinâmica capitalista, a expansão das políticas sociais encontra-se no limite da emancipação política e a efetividade plena de direitos sociais encontra-se condicionada à superação da lógica capitalista. / This research proposes a critical reflection on the question of enforcement of fundamental social rights in the capitalist state, from reading the theoretical treatment given by the doctrine of law on the subject. The answer to the question of the realization of the rights indicated by the legal debate is the immediate application thereof, fueled by the premise of a State as being neutral, rational, provider of the common good, with consequent demands on the legalization of ineffectiveness or lack of social policies for Addressing the "social question." Hence the importance of seeking the central structural determinations of the social process that make it impossible to achieve the realization of fundamental social rights in the capitalist order, in contrast to the provisions in constitutions. Therefore, we adopt in this study the materialist conception of history, in order to pinpoint the factors external to the State and the multiple determinations in its role in capitalist sociability, in each historical moment, in order to translate the issue of the limitations fulfillment of social rights and facilitate the indication of the possibilities and limits of their coping. Indicates that, although the role of the judiciary is necessary and represents an achievement in a democratic state, this can not be taken as the central path. Indicates the importance of the social control of public administration and the need for organization of subordinate classes in the pursuit of hegemony in civil society in order to create mechanisms capable of press, through the state, the capitalist order in the pursuit of policy implementation with public character of universality which allow a greater realization of constitutionally provided rights and conquest, including new rights. In capitalist dynamics, the expansion of social policies is at the limit of political emancipation and full effectiveness of social rights is conditional on overcoming the capitalist logic.

做為康德道德哲學最後一本主要的著作，《道德底形上學》一書長期以來一直受到康德研究者們的忽視。許多論者們認為，〈法權論〉做為《道德底形上學》一書中的第一部份，其中的許多觀點與康德道德哲學中的理念並不一致。然而，在本論文中，筆者即試圖捍衛〈法權論〉的道德地位，以及《道德底形上學》一書的重要性。是故，本論文有兩個主要的論點：第一，康德的〈法權論〉並不會與其道德哲學理念產生衝突，相對的，法權的法則必須由定言令式演繹而來，而法權的系統本身也未違反自律的原則；第二，《道德底形上學》一書扮演了「道德義務學」及「道德實踐學」的角色，從而與《道德底形上學之基礎》及《實踐理性批判》共同構成康德道德哲學系統中不可或缺的重要部份。 / As the last major work of Kant’s morality, the Metaphysics of Morals has long been neglected in Kantian literatures. Many Scholars argue that the Rechtslehre, or Doctrine of Right, as the first part of Metaphysics of Morals, is not consistent with Kant’s moral theory. This research intends to defend the moral status of Rechtslehre and the importance of Metaphysics of Morals in Kant’s moral philosophy. There are two main arguments - firstly, Rechtslehre does not conflict with Kant’s moral theory; instead, the laws of Right should be derived from categorical imperative, and the system of Right does not contradict to the principle of autonomy. Secondly, the Metaphysics of Morals can be regarded as the “doctrine of moral duties” and the “doctrine of practical morality”, and, together with the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals and the Critique of Practical Reason, constitutes an essential part in Kant’s moral philosophy.

Στην εργασία παρουσιάζεται η Θεωρία Δικαίου του Καντ, σε συνδυασμό με την Ηθική και Πολιτική Φιλοσοφία του φιλοσόφου προκειμένου να αναδειχθεί η κοινή θεμελίωσή τους στον ηθικό νόμο που ενυπάρχει στον ανθρώπινο Λόγο και ελευθερία.. Η σύνδεση πολιτικής, δικαίου και ηθικής διατυπώνεται ρητά από τον Καντ, και επίσης υπό την ανάλυση του σύγχρονου φιλοσοφικού στοχασμού (Τίμμονς, Βίλλασεκ, ΜακΝτάουελ) τεκμηριώνεται η ανεξάλειπτη ηθική διάσταση εντός του δικαίου και της πολιτικής μέσα από την πραγμάτευση των σύγχρονων αντιλήψεων, όπως η περιγραφικότητας, η εξωτερικότητα και η επιτακτικότητα, και μέσα από την απόρριψη των επιμέρους θέσεων της ανεξαρτησίας και της εξωτερικότητας του δικαίου. / In this paper, the Kant’s Doctrine of Right is presented in combination with his Moral and Political Philosophy, in order to display; their common foundation on the moral law that prevails on the human Reason and freedom. Kant has explicitly expressed the connection between politics, law and morality, and additionally in the modern philosophical thought (Timmons, Willaschek, McDowell) the ineffaceable moral dimension of right and politics is validated through the modern concepts of descriptivity, externality and prescreptivity, by the refutation of Independence and Externality Theses.