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This study agrees that the creation of SEZs in Côte d'Ivoire is a good strategy to attract FDI, promote transfer of technology and develop the trade capacity of the country. It has the positive effect of contributing to improve the performance of the domestic industry. Besides, the new industries will create job opportunities and produce a sustainable economic growth. However, the fact that Côte d'Ivoire is party to RTAs in the sub-region like WAEMU and ECOWAS frameworks reduces the potential export market within the region for the SEZs based companies. In addition, the investors in SEZs could be faced with trade barriers induced by the divergent trade rules under RTAs. That could make the would-be investors reluctant to invest in Côte d'Ivoire, and induce them to choose another country to invest in. In the light of the need for investors to deal with clear and predictable rules, this investigation argues that the multiplicity of regional and divergent regulations governing goods from SEZs could be source of confusion and concerns, and eventually, it could impact negatively on SEZs programmes implementation in Côte d'Ivoire. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2014 / gm2015 / Centre for Human Rights / LLM / Unrestricted

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-08-05 / Antidumping measures are an important tool of the state in the strategy of domestic industry protection, aimed at developing the country. Currently, it s the main mechanism used by the Member States of the WTO to curb the entry of foreign products in the domestic market. Brazil has been one of the biggest users. Looking at the history and at the development strategy of the currently developed countries, it becomes clear certain pattern, consisting of activists industrial, commercial and technological policies, such as infant industry protection, tariff protection, and a host direct and indirect intervention in the economy. Moreover, these countries achieved development, adopted in his period of catching-up, protectionist policies, in order to benefit its domestic industry by mainly tariff protection, from advocating trade liberalization only after reaching the technological frontier and have industries reached their international competitiveness. These strategies must be observed by countries that today seek to achieve development, such as Brazil. Economic liberalism eventually leading Latin American economies to specialization. That countries producing and exporting primary products and importing manufactured goods from abroad. The consequences of adopting such a policy are reflected even today, even after industrialization through import substitution occurred during the last century, the development has not been achieved. The movement of international trade liberalization and development of the multilateral system of international trade meant that tariff barriers fall gradually in trade relations among the countries participating in the GATT and especially after the agreement that gave rise to the WTO. Brazil, on account of these trade agreements, was forced to lay aside the use of tariff protection, passing in the last decade, the use of trade defense mechanisms, especially the anti-dumping measures, the greater ease in application, and little international effect, disputes and retaliation. The entry into force of the a new Decree Antidumping modernized Brazilian antidumping proceeding, leaving him, in theory, more quickly in the investigation of dumping, and more effective in the application or otherwise of measures; and as more inclusive and detailed has given greater legal predictability for the private sector. / As medidas antidumping constituem uma importante ferramenta do Estado na proteção estratégica da indústria doméstica, visando o desenvolvimento do país. Atualmente, são o principal mecanismo utilizado pelos Estados-Membros da OMC para conter a entrada de produtos estrangeiros no mercado doméstico. O Brasil tem sido um dos maiores utilizadores. Analisando a história e a estratégia de desenvolvimento dos países atualmente desenvolvidos, evidencia-se certo padrão, que consiste em políticas industriais, comerciais e tecnológicas ativistas, como a proteção à indústria nascente, proteção tarifária, e uma série intervenções diretas e indiretas na economia. Aliás, estes países que atingiram o desenvolvimento, adotaram em seu período de catching-up, políticas protecionistas, visando beneficiar sua indústria doméstica por meio, principalmente, da proteção tarifária, passando a defender a liberalização comercial apenas após o alcance da fronteira tecnológica e terem suas indústrias atingido competitividade internacional. Essas estratégias devem ser observadas pelos países que hoje buscam alcançar o desenvolvimento, como o Brasil. O liberalismo econômico acabou levando as economias latino-americanas à especialização produtiva. Esses países produziam e exportavam produtos primários, e importavam produtos industrializados do exterior. As consequências da adoção de tal política se refletem até hoje, e mesmo após a industrialização por substituição de importações ocorrida durante o século passado, não se alcançou o desenvolvimento. O movimento de liberalização do comércio internacional e o desenvolvimento do sistema multilateral de comércio internacional fizeram com que as barreiras tarifárias caíssem gradualmente nas relações comerciais dentre os países participantes do GATT e, sobretudo, após o acordo que deu origem à OMC. O Brasil, por conta desses acordos comerciais, foi forçado a deixar de lado a utilização da proteção tarifária, passando, na última década, a utilizar os mecanismos de defesa comercial, sobretudo, as medidas antidumping, pela maior facilidade na aplicação, e pouca repercussão internacional, disputas e retaliações. A entrada em vigor do Novo Decreto Antidumping modernizou o procedimento antidumping brasileiro, deixando-o, em tese, mais célere nas investigações de dumping, e mais eficaz na decisão de aplicação ou não de medidas; e por ser mais amplo e detalhado deu maior previsibilidade jurídica para o setor privado.

L’objet de cette recherche est d’examiner, selon les règles et la jurisprudence de l’OMC, la définition et le contenu du dommage causé par le dumping à une branche de production de l’industrie nationale. Cela nécessite, d’une part, d’établir les éléments qui entrent en ligne de compte dans le calcul du dommage ainsi que dans la détermination de l’existence de ce dommage, et d’autre part, d’identifier un lien de causalité entre le dommage subi et le dumping. Une fois ces éléments établis, les Membres de l’OMC sont autorisés à recourir à des mesures antidumping dont l’objectif est de neutraliser les effets dommageables du dumping et de rétablir l’équilibre dans le marché local. Par conséquent, dans le souci d’éviter que des mesures abusives soient mises en place, les mesures et leur modalité d’application sont prescrites par les règles de l’OMC. Elles sont au nombre de trois, à savoir les droits antidumping provisoires, les droits définitifs et l’engagement de prix. / The purpose of this research is to examine, in accordance with WTO rules and case law, the definition and the content of the injury caused to one part of the domestic industry by dumping. This requires the need to establish the elements to be taken into account when determining then calculating the injury, and to identify a causal link between the injury suffered by the domestic industry and dumping. Once these elements have been established, WTO members are allowed to use anti-Dumping measures aimed at cancelling out the damaging effects of dumping and restoring balance in the local market. Therefore, with the view to avoiding abusive measures to be put in place, WTO rules prescribe three measures which are provisional anti-Dumping duties, definitive duties and price undertaking, as well as their conditions for application.